Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Otitis Media on Language Development

This paper suggests methods for systematically studying the short-term and long-term effects of persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) on language development and educational achievement. First, some suggestions are made about which aspects of language processing should be examined in detail during different periods of development given the nature of the hearing losses usually suffered by children with persistent OME. These aspects are phonological (speech-sound) categorization and rules and lexical (word) retrieval. Second, the factors which can interact with persistent OME to bring about long-term effects (developmental time, duration and degree of hearing loss, socioeconomic status and cognitive competence) are discussed and suggestions made for the design of studies which can examine the effects of interaction of these factors. Finally, a proposal is presented for cross-lag design, regional studies which can provide us with information needed in planning educational intervention.

Download Full-text

The Neurobiology of Pain

The Oxford Handbook of the Neurobiology of Pain ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860509.013.24 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 387-414

Author(s):

Maria Fitzgerald ◽

Michael W. Salter

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Pain Pathways ◽

Developmental Age ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

Download Full-text

The acceptance of hearing aids for children with otitis media with effusion

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100143865 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 314-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. H. Jardine ◽

M. V. Griffiths ◽

E. Midgley

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Binaural Hearing ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Binaural Hearing Aids

AbstractConservative treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME) led us to consider the use of hearing aids as a way of managing the associated hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the compliance of patients and acceptance of hearing aids for the management of children with OME.Thirty-nine children who had been given binaural hearing aids to manage OME were assessed at routine follow-up after six months. A clinician who did not prescribe the aid administered a questionnaire to assess compliance, change in symptoms and acceptance of the aids.Thirty-eight parents thought the aids were easy to use and 25 (66 per cent) were completely satisfied with the management. Aided hearing improved by a mean of 17 dB (Range 10–30) over three frequencies, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Khz and all parents reported subjective hearing improvement in their children. The stigma of an aid was reported as minimal under the age of seven.Hearing aids provide a non-invasive way of managing the problems associated with OME which is acceptable to certain parents and children. Long-term effects of using aids need to be evaluated before they can be recommended.

Download Full-text

Long term effects of early life stress on HPA circuit in rodent models

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.mce.2020.111125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 521 ◽

pp. 111125

Author(s):

Lucy Babicola ◽

Rossella Ventura ◽

Sebastian Luca D'Addario ◽

Donald Ielpo ◽

Diego Andolina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Long Term Effects

Download Full-text

Purulent Otitis Media: Differences Between Populations in Different Environments

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.53.2.135 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 135-136

Author(s):

Patrick Manning ◽

Mary Ellen Avery ◽

Alan Ross

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Language Development ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Early Life ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Previous Issue ◽

High Incidence ◽

History Of ◽

Tympanic Membranes

The paper by Kaplan and colleagues in a previous issue starts by emphasizing the unusually high incidence of otitis media among Eskimo children. Forty-one percent of their cohort of 489 Alaskan Eskimo children, followed for ten years, had perforations or scars of the tympanic membranes; significant hearing losses were present in 16% of the group. Among the 374 children with a history of otorrhea, 291 (78%) had their first attack before their second birthday. The adverse effects of hearing loss in early life on language development were underscored by the authors, who quite properly point out the need for special educational programs.

Download Full-text

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF OTITIS MEDIA A TEN-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF ALASKAN ESKIMO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.52.4.577 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 577-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gary J. Kaplan ◽

J. Kenneth Fleshman ◽

Thomas R. Bender ◽

Carol Baum ◽

Paul S. Clark

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Verbal Ability ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Normal Range ◽

History Of ◽

Conductive Component ◽

Verbal Development

Histories of ear disease, otoscopic examinations, and audiologic, intelligence, and achievement tests were obtained from a cohort of 489 Alaskan Eskimo children who have been followed through the first ten years of life. Seventy-six per cent had experienced one or more episodes of otitis media since birth. Of these, 78% had their first attack during their first two years of life. Perforations and scars were present in 41%. A hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater was present in 16%, and an additional 25% were in the normal range but had a measurable air-bone gap. Children with a history of otitis media prior to 2 years of age and a hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater had a statistically significant loss of verbal ability and were behind in total reading, total math, and language. In addition, children who had an early onset of otitis media but now had normal hearing with a conductive component were also adversely affected in verbal areas. The number of otitis media episodes was related to tympanic membrane abnormalities, hearing loss, and low verbal and achievement scores. These findings indicate that otitis media has been a significant cause of morbidity in Alaskan Eskimo children, and its onset during the critical years of language development as well as the number of episodes play an important role in impairing verbal development.

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of early life stress on the brain monoamines level in the rats

Neurophysiologie Clinique ◽

10.1016/j.neucli.2012.11.035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

R. Ghalamghash ◽

H.Z. Mammedov ◽

H. Ashayeri ◽

A. Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Brain Monoamines ◽

The Brain

Download Full-text

Long-term effects of early pain and injury

Oxford Textbook of Pediatric Pain ◽

10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-37

Author(s):

Orla Moriarty ◽

Suellen M. Walker

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Early Life ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Afferent Input ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Nociceptive Pathways ◽

Noxious Stimuli ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Nociceptive pathways are functional following birth, and acute responses to noxious stimuli have been documented from early in development in clinical and laboratory studies. The ability of noxious afferent input to alter the level of sensitivity of nociceptive pathways in the adult nervous system, with, for example, the development of central sensitization, is well established. However, the developing nervous system has additional susceptibilities to alterations in neural activity, and pain in early life may produce effects not seen following the same input at older ages. As a result, early tissue injury may lead to persistent changes in somatosensory processing and altered sensitivity to future noxious stimuli. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that neonatal pain can result in long-term changes in cognitive and affective behavior. Effects of pain in early life are superimposed on a highly plastic developing system, and long-term outcomes vary depending on the type and severity of the injury, and on the evaluation methods used. Laboratory studies allow evaluation of different injuries, potential confounding factors, underlying mechanisms, and potential analgesic modulation.

Download Full-text

Language in Preterm Born Children: Atypical Development and Effects of Early Interventions on Neuroplasticity

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2019/6873270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Charlotte Vandormael ◽

Lucie Schoenhals ◽

Petra S. Hüppi ◽

Manuela Filippa ◽

Cristina Borradori Tolsa

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Language Development ◽

Early Exposure ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Atypical Development ◽

Preterm Born ◽

And Behavior

Predicting language performances after preterm birth is challenging. It is described in the literature that early exposure to the extrauterine environment can be either detrimental or advantageous for neurodevelopment. However, the emphasis mostly lies on the fact that preterm birth may have an unfavorable effect on numerous aspects of development such as cognition, language, and behavior. Various studies reported atypical language development in preterm born children in the preschool years but also in school-aged children and adolescents. This review gives an overview of the course of language development and examines how prematurity can lead to atypical linguistic performances. In this paper, we mainly focus on environmental and neurophysiological factors influencing preterm infant neuroplasticity with potential short- and long-term effects on language development. Further research, however, should focus on examining the possible benefits that early exposure might entail.

Download Full-text

Developmental conditions modulate DNA methylation at the glucocorticoid receptor gene with cascading effects on expression and corticosterone levels in zebra finches

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52203-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Blanca Jimeno ◽

Michaela Hau ◽

Elena Gómez-Díaz ◽

Simon Verhulst

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Early Life ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene ◽

Developmental Conditions

Abstract Developmental conditions can impact the adult phenotype via epigenetic changes that modulate gene expression. In mammals, methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3c1 has been implicated as mediator of long-term effects of developmental conditions, but this evidence is limited to humans and rodents, and few studies have simultaneously tested for associations between DNA methylation, gene expression and phenotype. Adverse environmental conditions during early life (large natal brood size) or adulthood (high foraging costs) exert multiple long-term phenotypic effects in zebra finches, and we here test for effects of these manipulations on DNA methylation and expression of the Nr3c1 gene in blood. Having been reared in a large brood induced higher DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region in adulthood, and this effect persisted over years. Nr3c1 expression was negatively correlated with methylation at 2 out of 8 CpG sites, and was lower in hard foraging conditions, despite foraging conditions having no effect on Nr3c1 methylation at our target region. Nr3c1 expression also correlated with glucocorticoid traits: higher expression level was associated with lower plasma baseline corticosterone concentrations and enhanced corticosterone reactivity. Our results suggest that methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region can contribute to the mechanisms underlying the emergence of long-term effects of developmental conditions in birds, but in our system current adversity dominated over early life experiences with respect to receptor expression.

Download Full-text