Auditory Environment Across the Life Span of Cochlear Implant Users: Insights From Data Logging

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Busch ◽  
Filiep Vanpoucke ◽  
Astrid van Wieringen
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Auditory Scenes

Purpose We describe the natural auditory environment of people with cochlear implants (CIs), how it changes across the life span, and how it varies between individuals. Method We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Cochlear Nucleus 6 CI sound-processor data logs. The logs were obtained from 1,501 people with CIs (ages 0–96 years). They covered over 2.4 million hr of implant use and indicated how much time the CI users had spent in various acoustical environments. We investigated exposure to spoken language, noise, music, and quiet, and analyzed variation between age groups, users, and countries. Results CI users spent a substantial part of their daily life in noisy environments. As a consequence, most speech was presented in background noise. We found significant differences between age groups for all auditory scenes. Yet even within the same age group and country, variability between individuals was substantial. Conclusions Regardless of their age, people with CIs face challenging acoustical environments in their daily life. Our results underline the importance of supporting them with assistive listening technology. Moreover, we found large differences between individuals' auditory diets that might contribute to differences in rehabilitation outcomes. Their causes and effects should be investigated further.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wais-R Aging Patterns with Psychiatric Inpatients: Support for Horn's Hypothesis that Fluid Cognitive Abilities Decline ,

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Individual Item ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Age Category

WAIS–R aging patterns were examined for a group of 200 psychiatric inpatients. Inpatients were grouped into six age categories: less than 24, 24–28, 29–32, 33–38, 39–43, and greater than 43 years. Verbal and Performance sums of scaled score, subtest scaled score, and raw score total, and individual item score means were examined for each age category. The classical aging pattern was observed wherein more crystallized cognitive abilities remained stable over age groups of the life span while more fluid abilities dropped sharply with their increasing ages. Results supported the decline in fluid cognitive abilities hypothesis for WAIS–R aging patterns advocated by Horn in 1985 and Kaufman in 1990.

Cross-sectional analysis of pulsatile hemodynamics across the adult life span

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2404-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weber ◽  
Siegfried Wassertheurer ◽  
Bernhard Hametner ◽  
Susanne Moebus ◽  
Noreen Pundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Co- and multimorbidity patterns in an unselected Norwegian population: cross-sectional analysis based on the HUNT Study and theoretical reflections concerning basic medical models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Olafia Tomasdottir ◽  
Linn Getz ◽  
Johann A Sigurdsson ◽  
Halfdan Petursson ◽  
Anna Luise Kirkengen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Rationale and aims: Accumulating evidence shows that diseases tend to cluster in diseased individuals, so-called multimorbidity. The aim of this study was to analyze multimorbidity patterns, empirically and theoretically, to better understand the phenomenon. Population and methods: The Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study HUNT 3 (2006-8), with 47,959 individuals aged 20-79 years. A total of 21 relevant, longstanding diseases/malfunctions were eligible for counting in each participant. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions.Results: Multimorbidity was found in 18% of individuals aged 20 years. The prevalence increased with age in both sexes. The overall age-standardized prevalence was 42% (39% for men, 46% for women). ‘Musculoskeletal disorders’ was the disease-group most frequently associated with multimorbidity. Three conditions, strategically selected to represent different diagnostic domains according to biomedical tradition; gastro-esophageal reflux, thyroid disease and dental problems, were all associated with both mental and somatic comorbid conditions. Conclusions and implications: Multimorbidity appears to be prevalent in both genders and across age-groups, even in the affluent and relatively equitable Norwegian society. The disease clusters typically transcend biomedicine’s traditional demarcations between mental and somatic diseases and between diagnostic categories within each of these domains. A new theoretical approach to disease development and recovery is warranted, in order to adequately tackle ‘the challenge of multimorbidity’, both empirically and clinically. We think the concept allostatic load can be systematically developed to “capture” the interrelatedness of biography and biology and to address the fundamental significance of “that, which gains” versus “that, which drains” any given human being.

Continuity or Change: Inequalities in Health in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTLater life and ill health are perceived as being synonymous. To be old is to be unhealthy, while youth is associated with good health. One result of the widespread acceptance of this stereotype is that there has been little analysis of differences in health status within the post-retirement age groups. Data from the 1980 and 1985 General Household Survey (GHS) are used to consider patterns of health in later life. Using cross-sectional analysis, it is shown that morbidity increases with age. However, even for those aged 85+ the experience of ill health is shown not to be universal. Health status varies between both men and women and between the social classes. These differences are shown not to be the result of the varying age composition of the gender and class groups. The data presented show that there are profound age, gender and class differences in health status in later life and these represent the continuation of inequalities observed within the non-retired population.

scholarly journals Prominent seasonality of 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in Latvia: Age and gender-related variations and testing regimen

2022 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikulshin ◽  
Jana Osite ◽  
Stella Lapina ◽  
Anda Krisane ◽  
Iveta Dzivite-Krisane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Seasonality of 25(OH)D deficiency rate is a factor of major clinical and social impact and should be considered when planning for appropriate testing and tailored correction. We present retrospective cross-sectional analysis of over a million 25(OH)D tests performed in two leading Latvian laboratories – Central Laboratory and E.Gulbja Laboratory. Both series of tests demonstrated prominent seasonal variability of 25(OH)D deficiency rate (<20 ng/ml) and critical deficiency rate (<12 ng/ml): the lowest percentage of deficient tests was in August, while a significant peak was found in March-April. This trend was present at all ages and in both genders, variations were pronounced even for a high-latitude country and more prominent for critical deficiency, in younger age groups and in males. Analysis of testing regimens of both laboratories revealed that schedule was not optimal, period of higher testing intensity being far removed from the 25(OH)D deficiency peak.

Predictive equations to estimate peak aerobic capacity and peak heart rate in persons with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncalo V. Mendonca ◽  
Inês Santos ◽  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
Tracy Baynard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Estimations based on the available equations for predicting oxygen uptake (VO2) from treadmill speed of locomotion are not appropriate for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). We aimed at developing prediction models for peak absolute oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) based on retrospective data from a healthy population with and without Down syndrome (DS). A cross-sectional analysis of VO2peak and HRpeak was conducted in 196 and 187 persons with and without DS, respectively, aged from 16-45 years. Non-exercise data alone versus combined with HRpeak were used to develop equations predictive of absolute VO2peak. Prediction equations for HRpeak were also developed. Two additional samples of participants (30 with, 29 without DS) enabled model cross-validation. Relative VO2peak and HRpeak were lowest for persons with DS across all ages (~ 40% and 20 bpm, respectively). For persons with DS, VO2peak predictions provided no differences compared with actual values. Predicted HRpeak was similar to actual values in both groups of participants. Large limits of agreement were obtained for VO2peak (DS: 735, non-DS: 558.2 mL.min-1) and HRpeak (DS: 24.8, non-DS: 16.6 bpm). Persons with DS exhibit low levels of VO2peak and HRpeak in all age groups included in this study. It is possible to estimate absolute VO2peak in persons with DS using non-exercise variables. HRpeak can be accurately estimated in groups of people with and without DS. Yet, because of large limits of agreement, caution is advised if using these equations for individual estimations of VO2peak or HRpeak in either population.

Abstract MP25: Diet Quality And Resilience: Examining Age Differences In A Cross-sectional Analysis Of The Well For Life Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sparkle Springfield ◽  
Kristen Cunanan ◽  
Katy Peng ◽  
Christopher D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Bounce Back

Background: Psychological resilience (resilience), defined as the self-reported ability to bounce back from stress, has been associated with diet quality. Despite the importance of resilience to successful aging, few studies have examined the relationship between resilience and diet quality across different age groups. Objective: To examine the relationship between diet quality and resilience while adjusting for perceived stress, sociodemographic information, and other diet-related health factors within the youngest, middle-aged, and oldest age groups in the Well for Life (WELL) study. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of survey data from the WELL study. A total of 4,309 adults predominantly drawn from the San Francisco Bay Area, completed the WELL survey, which included lifestyle, stress, and resilience domains. The WELL Diet Score, calculated from 12 diet-related items, ranged from 0-120. A higher score indicates better diet quality. Perceived stress was assessed by an adapted version of A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Resilience was assessed by an adapted version of the Brief Resilience Scale for assessing the Ability to Bounce Back and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Perceived stress and resilience both ranged from 0-10. Higher scores indicate more perceived stress and resilience. All of the above measures were modeled as continuous. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the WELL Diet Score and resilience within the following age tertiles: youngest [18-29], middle-aged [30-49], and oldest [50-64+]. Results: Across all age groups, WELL participants were predominately white females, college-educated, maintained healthy lifestyle practices, and had moderately high levels of perceived stress and resilience. Mean WELL Diet Scores were highest in the oldest group [79.4 out of 120 ± sd:81.6], followed by the middle-aged [72.2 out of 120 ± sd:18.1], and the youngest [63.6 out of 120 ± sd:18.0]. In the fully adjusted model, WELL Diet Scores demonstrated a positive and significant association with resilience within the youngest age group only [β=0.14 ± sd:0.34, p=0.02; (middle-aged) β=0.02 ± sd:0.34, p=0.63; (oldest) β=-0.001 ± sd:0.34, p=0.98]. In the model adjusted for perceived stress and sociodemographics only, diet quality demonstrated a positive and significant association with resilience within all age groups [(youngest) β=0.15 ± sd:0.32, p=0.001; (middle-aged) β=0.12 ± sd:0.35, p=0.001; (oldest) β=0.9 ± sd:0.34, p=0.01]. Conclusions: Diet quality may be positively associated with resilience in young adults. Our findings might warrant further investigation into whether assessing and potentially intervening to improve resilience could help to increase the effectiveness of dietary interventions targeting younger populations.

Psychological Aspects of Temporal Dominance during Adolescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Tismer
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Temporal Dominance ◽  
Effect Of Age

To evaluate several assumptions regarding the development of time orientation during adolescence the circles test was administered to different age groups ( M = 13.8 yr.; M = 17.7 yr.; M = 23.3 yr.). Data for this cross-sectional analysis were collected from a sample of 962 German male and female adolescents (secondary modern and vocational schools, teachers' college). The findings show an effect of age, but not of sex-role influences on temporal dominance; especially the data yielded a decrease of future dominance and an increase in present dominance during adolescence. An interpretation for these results may be found in Lewin's 1946 theory of the “reality-irreality” dimension of time perspective.

scholarly journals Survey of nutrition knowledge of physicians in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R Allafi ◽  
Fahhad Alajmi ◽  
Ahmad Al-Haifi
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine whether nutrition knowledge differs between male and female physicians working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of physician's nutrition knowledge by using a sixteen-item multiple-choice questionnaire.SettingGovernmental hospitals in Kuwait City, Kuwait.SubjectsOne hundred Kuwaiti physicians (fifty males; fifty females) working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.ResultsA response rate of 73 % was achieved (forty males; thirty-three females). The mean percentage of correctly answered questions was 60 %. The male and female physicians averaged 56 % and 65 % of correct responses, respectively (P = 0·042). However, only for two questions did male and female physicians’ scores differ significantly (P < 0·05). The two age groups (<40 years; ≥40 years) had equal mean total correct scores (60 %, P = 0·935). Physicians’ knowledge was greatest for topics that have received a great deal of media coverage in Kuwait. Most (70 %) of the physicians described their nutrition knowledge as ‘moderate’.ConclusionsPhysicians in Kuwait gave inaccurate information regarding common problems in Kuwaitis such as obesity, hypertension and osteoporosis. In view of the public's perception of the role of the physician in providing nutrition advice, it is imperative that nutrition and diet training be part of continuing medical education to bridge these deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge.

Changes in the Height of Velopharyngeal Closure Relative to the Cervical Spine From Infancy Through Adolescence in Patients With Cleft Palate

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazlin N. Mason ◽  
John E. Riski ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Palpation is often used to identify C1, an intraoperative landmark, for placement of the pharyngoplasty. However, little is known about the relationship between the palatal plane (PP) and this cervical spine landmark across select variables. This study seeks to analyze variations in the height of velopharyngeal closure relative to C1 across differing cleft types and age groups. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Large, multidisciplinary center for craniofacial disorders. Methods: Clinical lateral cephalograms were analyzed in nonsyndromic patients who underwent primary palatoplasty. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were completed to determine how age and cleft type impact underlying cervical and velopharyngeal measures. Results: Age ( P < .001) and cleft type ( P = .036) were significant predictors of the distance between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Those with greater severity of clefting demonstrated larger distances between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Compared to normative data, children with cleft palate have significantly larger distances between the PP and C1. The height of velopharyngeal closure above C1 was observed to range from 3.6 to 12.6 mm across cleft populations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the variability in C1 as a landmark across variables including cleft type and age. Because of differences in the height of velopharyngeal closure across cleft types relative to C1, it is necessary to preoperatively quantify the vertical distance between the PP and palpable intraoperative landmark, C1, to determine the appropriate height of pharyngoplasty insertion.

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