scholarly journals Relationships Among Personality, Daily Speaking Voice Use, and Phonotrauma in Adult Female Singers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Laura E. Toles ◽  
Nelson Roy ◽  
Stephanie Sogg ◽  
Katherine L. Marks ◽  
Andrew J. Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence ◽  
Speaking Voice ◽  
Female Singers ◽  
Vocal Dose ◽  
Voice Use

Purpose This study sought to determine whether personality traits related to extraversion and impulsivity are more strongly associated with singers with nodules compared to vocally healthy singers and to understand the relationship between personality and the types of daily speaking voice use. Method Weeklong ambulatory voice recordings and personality inventories were obtained for 47 female singers with nodules and 47 vocally healthy female singers. Paired t tests investigated trait differences between groups. Relationships between traits and weeklong speaking voice measures (vocal dose, sound pressure level [SPL], neck surface acceleration magnitude [NSAM], fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence [CPP], and the ratio of the first two harmonic magnitudes [ H 1 –H 2 ]) were examined using pairwise Pearson r coefficients. Multiple regressions were performed to estimate voice parameters that correlated with two or more traits. Results Singers with nodules scored higher on the Social Potency scale (reflecting a tendency toward social dominance) and lower on the Control scale (reflecting impulsivity) compared to the vocally healthy singers. In vocally healthy singers, vocal dose measures were positively correlated with a combination of Wellbeing (i.e., happiness) and Social Potency, mean SPL was positively correlated with Wellbeing, SPL variability was positively correlated with Social Potency and negatively with Harm Avoidance, and CPP mean was positively correlated with Wellbeing. Singers with nodules had a negative correlation between NSAM skewness and Social Potency. Both groups had negative correlations between H 1 –H 2 mean and Social Potency and Social Closeness. Conclusions Singers with nodules are more socially dominant and impulsive than vocally healthy singers. Personality traits are related to daily speaking voice use, particularly in vocally healthy singers. Individuals with higher levels of traits related to happiness and social dominance and lower Harm Avoidance tended to speak more, with higher laryngeal forces, with more SPL variability, and with more pressed glottal closure, which could increase risk of phonotrauma.

scholarly journals Differences Between Female Singers With Phonotrauma and Vocally Healthy Matched Controls in Singing and Speaking Voice Use During 1 Week of Ambulatory Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Laura E. Toles ◽  
Andrew J. Ortiz ◽  
Katherine L. Marks ◽  
James A. Burns ◽  
Tiffiny Hron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence ◽  
Speaking Voice ◽  
Female Singers ◽  
Vocal Dose ◽  
Voice Use

Purpose Previous ambulatory voice monitoring studies have included many singers and have combined speech and singing in the analyses. This study applied a singing classifier to the ambulatory recordings of singers with phonotrauma and healthy controls to determine if analyzing speech and singing separately would reveal voice use differences that could provide new insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of phonotrauma in this at-risk population. Method Forty-two female singers with phonotrauma (vocal fold nodules or polyps) and 42 healthy matched controls were monitored using an ambulatory voice monitor. Weeklong statistics (average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) for sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, the magnitude ratio of the first two harmonics ( H 1 –H 2 ), and three vocal dose measures were computed from the neck surface acceleration signal and separated into singing and speech using a singing classifier. Results Mixed analysis of variance models found expected differences between singing and speech in each voice parameter, except SPL kurtosis. SPL skewness, SPL kurtosis, and all H 1 –H 2 distributional parameters differentiated patients and controls when singing and speech were combined. Interaction effects were found in H 1 –H 2 kurtosis and all vocal dose measures. Patients had significantly higher vocal doses in speech compared to controls. Conclusions Consistent with prior work, the pathophysiology of phonotrauma in singers is characterized by more abrupt/complete glottal closure (decreased mean and variation for H 1 –H 2 ) and increased laryngeal forces (negatively skewed SPL distribution) during phonation. Application of a singing classifier to weeklong data revealed that singers with phonotrauma spent more time speaking on a weekly basis, but not more time singing, compared to controls. Results are used as a basis for hypothesizing about the role of speaking voice in the etiology of phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction in singers.

scholarly journals Association between Polymorphism rs1799732 of DRD2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Personality Traits among MMA Athletes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Marta Niewczas ◽  
Anna Grzywacz ◽  
Katarzyna Leźnicka ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Gene

Four factors—namely, harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward addiction and persistence—represent the nature of temperament that is not genetically determined in itself. It was shown in earlier studies that a strong propensity to look for novelty or a tendency to engage in risky behavior is correlated with genetic variants in the area of the genes encoding dopamine receptors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between personality traits and genetic variants in the area of the DRD2 dopamine receptor gene in MMA athletes. The participants consisted of 85 mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and 284 healthy, non-MMA male participants. Their personality traits were measured using the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory. Blood was collected for genetic assays and all samples were genotyped using the real-time PCR method. We observed a statistically significant effect of a complex factor of the DRD2 rs1799732 genotype on MMA participants’ control and reward dependence. Engaging in high-risk sport may be associated with several personality characteristics. The DRD2 rs1799732 polymorphism may be associated with reduced harm avoidance in martial arts athletes, thereby modulating athletes’ predisposition to participate in high-risk sport.

Interaction effects between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and parental rearing on personality traits in healthy subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 817-817
Author(s):  
A. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Matsumoto ◽  
N. Shibuya ◽  
R. Sadahiro ◽  
M. Kamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Brain

AimsThere is a growing body of data suggesting the gene-environment interaction in the characterization of personality traits, but variation in ordinary parental rearing among environmental factors has not been focused yet. We examined the effects of the interaction between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and parental rearing on personality traits.MethodsSubjects were 710 Japanese healthy volunteers. Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), which consists of the care and protection factors. Personality assessment was performed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), which has 7 dimensions, i.e., novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was detected by the PCR-RFLP method.ResultsParental rearing has significant main effects on all TCI dimensions except novelty seeking, while no significant main effects of the BDNF genotype on the TCI scores were found. The interaction between the BDNF genotype and maternal care of the PBI had significant effects on harm avoidance and self-directedness of the TCI. Post-hoc analyses showed that decreased maternal care was correlated with increased harm avoidance and decreased self-directedness in most of the genotype groups, and for both personality traits the correlation was highest in the Met/Met genotype and lowest in the Val/Val genotype and that for the Val/Met genotype was in between the two values.ConclusionThe present study suggests that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the effects of parenting rearing, especially maternal care, on harm avoidance and self-directedness in healthy subjects.

Religious Conservatism in a Quasi-Longitudinal Perspective

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Kahoe
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Religious Conservatism ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Institutional Influences

College freshmen personality inventories and a mail survey were used to study correlates of current and retrospective (college freshmen) conservatism among 142 former students of a religiously conservative college. A content-free aspect of conservatism, reflected by authoritarian and dogmatic personality traits, was identified, but it had greater salience for racial than for religious or legalistic attitudes. The latter attitudes were inferred to depend more on content-based aspects of conservatism — religious institutional influences made salient by an individual's intrinsic religious orientation. College freshmen religious conservatism was related to more subsequent education, but further education was strongly related to increasing liberalism of religious attitudes.

scholarly journals Personality traits mediate the association between perceived parental bonding and well-being in adult volunteers from the community

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Murakoshi ◽  
Nobuyuki Mitsui ◽  
Jiro Masuya ◽  
Yota Fujimura ◽  
Shinji Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Abstract Background Previous studies reported that subjective well-being in adulthood correlates with perceived parental bonding in childhood as well as personality traits. However, whether personality traits mediate the effect of perceived parental bonding on well-being or not has not been reported to date. In this study, we hypothesized that ‘parental care and overprotection’ in childhood affect ‘well-being’ in adulthood through various ‘personality traits’, and analyzed this using structural equation modeling. Methods A total of 402 adult volunteers from the community provided responses to the following questionnaires: 1) Parental Bonding Instrument, 2) Temperament and Character Inventory, and 3) The Subjective Well-being Inventory. Two structural equation models were designed and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used for covariance structure analysis. Results Parental care in childhood directly increased well-being in adulthood and indirectly increased it through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness). Parental overprotection in childhood had no direct effect on well-being in adulthood but decreased well-being in adulthood indirectly through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness) and increased it through one personality trait (self-transcendence). Conclusions This study showed that the influences of perceived parental bonding on well-being in adulthood are mediated by self-directedness, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence among the seven personality dimensions evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical basis of harm avoidance personality traits in major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100225
Author(s):  
Yukihito Yomogida ◽  
Miho Ota ◽  
Junko Matsuo ◽  
Ikki Ishida ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Are Leaders’ Personality Traits Imperative For Employees’ Job Performance? The Context Of An Emerging Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Anwar ◽  
Zhongdong Xiao ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz ◽  
Amir Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Younas
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Practical Implications

Leader’s personality considerably influences the behavior of employees and is perhaps one of the most important predictor of their job performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the personality-performance paradigm in the context of emerging economies. Personality was assessed through big five traits, namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. While task performance attribute of job performance was considered as dependent variable. Stratified sampling technique was deployed to gather data from 149 SMEs belonging to diversified business sectors operating in the industrial city of Gujranwala, Pakistan. Cronbach’s alpha test endorsed the consistency of survey questionnaire, and multiple regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. All of the personality traits, with the exception of neuroticism, are found to be valid predictors of employee job performance, though the degree and significance of correlation varies. The study contributes to the enhanced understanding of the personality-performance relationship and highlights the desirable personality inventories of potential leaders and entrepreneurs. Broader practical implications and recommendations for future research bring the discussion to the close.

scholarly journals Personality traits and night eating syndrome in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha D. Melunsky ◽  
Francesca Solmi ◽  
Zoë Haime ◽  
Sarah Rowe ◽  
Virginia V. W. McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Weak Evidence

Abstract Purpose Previous research suggests that eating disorders may be associated with certain personality profiles; however, there is limited research investigating associations with night eating syndrome (NES). This research suggests harm avoidance personality trait is higher in NES individuals than in the general population, however, evidence of associations with other personality traits is inconsistent. To understand which personality traits are associated with NES symptoms, the current study aimed to improve understanding of the relationship between NES symptoms and a range of personality traits, addressing limitations in the earlier literature in this area by controlling for common confounders. Methods Baseline data were analysed from an outpatient psychotherapy trial for 111 women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. Pre-treatment measures of personality traits (measured with the Temperament and character inventory—revised) and NES symptoms (measured with the Night eating questionnaire) were used. Regression analyses tested associations between these variables, adjusting for potential confounders, including age and ethnicity. Results Low cooperativeness scores were associated with greater NES symptoms in the multivariable model (mean difference: − 0.10, 95% confidence intervals: − 0.20 to − 0.01, p = 0.033). There was weak evidence of associations between both high harm avoidance and low self-directedness personality traits and greater NES symptoms. Conclusions This study adds to the limited research measuring associations between a range of personality traits and NES, addressing limitations of previous research. Weak evidence for an association between high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and increased NES symptoms was found. A novel association was found between low cooperativeness and greater NES symptoms. Further research is needed to validate its presence in those with and without comorbid eating disorders and to examine the relative change in NES, eating disorder symptoms and personality scores in treatments focusing on cooperativeness. Level of evidence Level IV (cross-sectional data from a randomised controlled trial, CTB/04/08/139).

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