Some Relationships Between Intelligence and Auditory Discrimination

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty U. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Academic Aptitude ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Perceptual Abilities

Some of the earliest scientific attempts to understand the nature of intelligence investigated differences in sensory discrimination and reaction time. There is once again interest in the relations between such simple abilities and intelligence, partly as a result of the application of information-processing paradigms to the study of intelligence. Correlations in the range of .3 to .8 have been reported between psychometric measures of intelligence and performance on simple cognitive, sensory, and motor tasks The current study reports correlations between scores on a battery of auditory discrimination tasks and measures of intelligence and academic aptitude in two samples of college students. The correlations between the intellectual and academic aptitude measures and the total percent correct on the auditory battery ranged from .45 to .59. These results are consistent with recent findings of significant relationships between simple sensory, cognitive, and motor abilities and psychometric intelligence as well as with much earlier reports by Spearman (1904) and others of relationships between pitch discrimination and intelligence. An implication of these findings is that intelligence is a potential confounding variable in studies of the auditory perceptual abilities of various clinical populations.

Repetitive Psychometric Measures: Handedness and Performance

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. James ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Betty A. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Many investigators have reported that right-handed people perform most motor tasks better, faster, and with relatively fewer errors than do the left-handed. We found slight differences in performance on only three of the tests of the Repetitive Psychometric Measures battery—SO, SC, and FC. Some of the difference in performance may be alleviated by minor changes in instruction for left-handed Ss.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of incentive value and valence on the performance of discrete action sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Adkins ◽  
Bradley S. Gary ◽  
Taraz G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Discrete Action ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gains And Losses

AbstractIncentives can be used to increase motivation, leading to better learning and performance on skilled motor tasks. Prior work has shown that monetary punishments enhance on-line performance while equivalent monetary rewards enhance off-line skill retention. However, a large body of literature on loss aversion has shown that losses are treated as larger than equivalent gains. The divergence between the effects of punishments and reward on motor learning could be due to perceived differences in incentive value rather than valence per se. We test this hypothesis by manipulating incentive value and valence while participants trained to perform motor sequences. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that large reward enhanced on-line performance but impaired the ability to retain the level of performance achieved during training. However, we also found that on-line performance was better with reward than punishment and that the effect of increasing incentive value was more linear with reward (small, medium, large) while the effect of value was more binary with punishment (large vs not large). These results suggest that there are differential effects of punishment and reward on motor learning and that these effects of valence are unlikely to be driven by differences in the subjective magnitude of gains and losses.

Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Burton
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

Practice Effect on Number Facility Performance

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kragg P. Kysor ◽  
James J. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Practice Effect ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Individual Scores ◽  
Learning Data ◽  
Theoretical Performance

Equations were fitted to learning data obtained on the Number Facility (NF) subtest of the Repetitive Psychometric Measures. Ss were divided into three groups to increase the correlation between their individual scores and the resulting equations. The equations were derived from the pooled scores of two samples. The theoretical performance of Ss based on a logarthmic function was then compared with the actual performance of a third sample. The amount of variability accounted for by the equations ranged from 53 to 86%.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Disaster Management: A Case of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Sedighe S. T. Far ◽  
Milad A. Marzaleh ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Background: Iran is a disaster-prone country in which many natural and man-made disasters happen every year. Because the health sector is vital due to its nature of treatment and rehabilitation of the injured after the disasters, all health care providers, especially hospital nurses, should be prepared to provide the services they need. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses about disaster management in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a sample of 230 nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using the stratified sampling proportional to size and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing 20 questions in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and performance. Then, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests at the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest mean scores were related to the attitude (2.38±0.19) and knowledge (1.70±0.50) of the nurses, respectively. However, all three dimensions were at a moderate level. The results showed significant relationships between the mean score of performance and the gender, marital status, age, and work experience of the nurses. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the mean score of knowledge and their age and work experience (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the following suggestions can be made to increase the knowledge and performance of the nurses for being prepared in critical situations: reducing the duration and increasing the quality of training classes and workshops on disaster preparedness; providing some incentives for nurses, especially female, married, older, and more experienced ones to attend these classes; and improving the methods of training materials related to disaster management.

The Role of Spiritual Capital in Innovation and Performance: Evidence from Developing Economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Neubert ◽  
Steven W. Bradley ◽  
Retno Ardianti ◽  
Edward M. Simiyu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Spiritual Capital ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
And Performance

Forms of capital play a significant role in the innovation and performance of start–up firms. Current entrepreneurial research has focused on the role of financial, human, and social forms of capital. We build on a large body of theory and research in sociology and economics, proposing spiritual capital as an additional influence where institutional voids are greater in the development contexts studied. Results from microcredit entrepreneurs in Kenya and Indonesia indicate significant relationships between entrepreneurs’ spiritual capital and business innovation and performance, even after accounting for other forms of capital.

scholarly journals Export planning and performance: An organizational culture perspective on small firms

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Olson> ◽  
Newell Gough
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
And Performance

Sample results indicate that significant relationships exist between export planning values and practices, and between the planning practice of using advisors and export performance.

EXPRESS: Gender (Still) Matters in Business School

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224372097236
Author(s):  
Aradhna Krishna ◽  
A. Yeşim Orhun
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Business School ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Increase Student Achievement ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
Academic Aptitude ◽  
And Performance

This research documents systematic gender performance differences (GPD) at a top business school using a unique administrative dataset and survey of students. The findings show that women’s grades are 11% of a standard deviation lower in quantitative courses than those of men with similar academic aptitude and demographics, and men’s grades are 23% of a standard deviation lower in nonquantitative courses than those of comparable women. The authors discuss and test for different reasons for this finding. They show that a female instructor significantly cuts down GPD for quantitative courses by raising the grades of women. In addition, female instructors increase women’s interest and performance expectations in these courses and are perceived as role models by their female students. These results provide support for a gender stereotype process for GPD and show that faculty can serve as powerful exemplars to challenge gender stereotypes and increase student achievement. The authors discuss several important implications of these findings for business schools and for society.

scholarly journals Human Cognitive and Motor Abilities in the Aging Workforce: An Information-Based Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Salvatore Digiesi ◽  
Daniela Cavallo ◽  
Andrea Lucchese ◽  
Carlotta Mummolo
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Workforce Aging ◽  
And Performance

In the digital society, individuals are in charge of performing tasks based on the information gathered by huge amount of data and effectively use them to manifest their cognitive and motor abilities. In this paper, on the basis of experimental studies available in literature concerning lab tests on motor or cognitive abilities of differently aged subjects, an information-based theoretical model is proposed. The model allows to quantify the information content of a motor or a cognitive task and provides estimates of information processing time of individuals of different age and sex in accomplishing tasks with prevalent motor or cognitive nature, in spite of the fact that a “pure” cognitive or a “pure” motor task are rarely observed in practical cases. The model is then applied to a case study from automotive industry in which workforce aging phenomenon is experienced. Potential applications of the model go beyond the case study developed. Quantifying the information content of a general motor-cognitive task paves the way to new understanding and modelling of movements and performance time of both natural and artificial systems with applications in industrial robotics (e.g., human-robot cooperation), biomechanics, and neurorehabilitation.

scholarly journals Who’s Multiculturally Competent? Everybody and Nobody: A Multimethod Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie M. Wilcox ◽  
Danielle N. Franks ◽  
Terrill O. Taylor ◽  
Christopher P. Monceaux ◽  
Keoshia Harris
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Competence ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Counselor Trainees ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
N 93 ◽  
The Relationship

This study was a social dominance theory-driven multimethod investigation of multicultural competence. Given the concerns with self-report, we examined the relationship between study variables and both self-report and performance-based multicultural competence. We also tested competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between the multicultural competence measures. We examined two samples: one of counselor trainees ( N = 93), and one of practicing therapists ( N = 107). The overwhelming performance floor effect in the context of self-report ceiling effects was striking and unexpected in its severity. Awareness of privilege was the most consistent predictor, and the only variable related to most multicultural competence measures. Results related to social dominance orientation, just-world beliefs, and empathy differed by sample. A key finding was the failure by a substantial proportion of participants in both samples to even minimally address clients’ sociocultural context. Thus, we focus our discussion on the implications of this result.

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