scholarly journals The relationship of interpregnancy interval to infant birthweight and length of gestation among low‐risk women, Georgia

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Adams ◽  
Kristin Delaney ◽  
Paul Stupp ◽  
Brian McCarthy ◽  
James Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Low Risk ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Risk Women ◽  
Length Of Gestation

THE RELATIONSHIP OF AMNIOTIC FLUID VISCOSITY TO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN LAMBS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-864
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Moss ◽  
Ovidio Rettori ◽  
Norman S. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Length Of Gestation

The viscosity of amniotic fluid was measured in 52 ewes and the results correlated with the postnatal course of the lambs delivered by cesarean section. Viscosity was not related to length of gestation or to the immediate prepartum condition of the ewe, but a definite relationship was found between amniotic fluid viscosity (AFV) and the postnatal course of the fetus. Of 22 lambs considered viable, 9 failed to survive. In 10 of the 13 survivors, AFV was less than 1.6; whereas in the nonsurvivors, AFV varied between 1.6 and 4.4. All of the nonsurvivors experienced respiratory difficulty associated with copious amounts of extremely viscous secretions in the mouth and oropharynx. The substance responsible for the high AFV was a mucoprotein and was detectable in all samples with a viscosity of 1.24 or more but in none with a viscosity below 1.24. The data suggest the possibility that fetal distress may induce qualitative or quantitative alterations of fetal mucous secretions in utero which subsequently could impede lung expansion at birth.

scholarly journals Continuity of Midwifery Care in Complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Midwifery Care ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Risk Women

<p>Continuity of midwifery care has demonstrated some beneficial outcomes for mothers and their babies with no evidence of poorer outcomes. Much of the evidence to support this claim is sourced from research conducted with women described as ‘low risk’. The model of midwifery in New Zealand, which is based on continuity of midwifery carer, has the potential for midwives to continue care even when significant risk has been identified. This care would be provided in collaboration with and support from medical personnel and hospital-based midwives. There is no research that has specifically examined the outcomes for women with complex needs, also called ‘high risk’, who have been provided continuity of midwifery carer. Given the increased incidence of morbidity in the childbearing population it is important to examine this issue in some depth. This small piece of research begins this, by looking at how women with complex needs and who have had continuity of midwifery care have experienced this care.  The aim of this research therefore is to provide a comprehensive description of how women with complexities experience continuity of midwifery care across the maternity episode. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in one part of New Zealand. Three women, all with varying types of complexity were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed, and the transcripts were analysed thematically. There were four themes: the relationship was everything; knowing what was happening was important; power was managed and balanced; and extra care was needed. The three women had the same needs and experiences of continuity as did low risk women described in the literature. However, another aspect, not previously reported, was that the women thought that the midwives spent a lot more time with them than they otherwise would have needed to. They were grateful for this.</p>

scholarly journals Continuity of Midwifery Care in Complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eleanor Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Midwifery Care ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Risk Women

<p>Continuity of midwifery care has demonstrated some beneficial outcomes for mothers and their babies with no evidence of poorer outcomes. Much of the evidence to support this claim is sourced from research conducted with women described as ‘low risk’. The model of midwifery in New Zealand, which is based on continuity of midwifery carer, has the potential for midwives to continue care even when significant risk has been identified. This care would be provided in collaboration with and support from medical personnel and hospital-based midwives. There is no research that has specifically examined the outcomes for women with complex needs, also called ‘high risk’, who have been provided continuity of midwifery carer. Given the increased incidence of morbidity in the childbearing population it is important to examine this issue in some depth. This small piece of research begins this, by looking at how women with complex needs and who have had continuity of midwifery care have experienced this care.  The aim of this research therefore is to provide a comprehensive description of how women with complexities experience continuity of midwifery care across the maternity episode. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in one part of New Zealand. Three women, all with varying types of complexity were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed, and the transcripts were analysed thematically. There were four themes: the relationship was everything; knowing what was happening was important; power was managed and balanced; and extra care was needed. The three women had the same needs and experiences of continuity as did low risk women described in the literature. However, another aspect, not previously reported, was that the women thought that the midwives spent a lot more time with them than they otherwise would have needed to. They were grateful for this.</p>

Relationship of Mothers' Perceptions and Behaviors to the Duration of Breastfeeding

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish A. Vandiver
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Interactive Behaviors ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between duration of breastfeeding in the first 12 weeks after birth, characteristics of mothers' and infants' behaviors, and the mother's perception of her infant were studied in primiparous mothers and their low-risk newborn infants. 50 women completed questionnaires on infants' temperament, caregiving flexibility, and perception of breastfeeding in their third trimester of pregnancy and again when their infants were 12 weeks old. 30 of the 50 women and their infants were observed for two hours on each of three different occasions at their homes when infants were 2, 6, and 12 wk. of age. Higher rates of mothers' interactive behaviors with their infants, mothers' self-reported perceptions that their infants had “easy” temperaments, and mothers' self-reported flexibility of caregiving were directly correlated with longer duration of breastfeeding and later weaning from the breast.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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