Effects of Nitrogen on Dry Matter Accumulation and Productivity of Three Cropping Systems and Residual Effects on Wheat in Deep Vertisols of Central India

ABSTRACT Management practices can affect the phenology and, consequently, the harvest time and crop production level of forage cactus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of irrigation depths and cropping systems on the phenophases and cutting time of the forage cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and four replications. Irrigation depths based on reference evapotranspiration (8.75 %, 17.5 %, 26.25 % and 35 % ETo) and a control (0 % ETo) made up the plots, while cropping systems (exclusive cropping, exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping) were distributed in the subplots. Cladode emission morphogenesis was used to define the phenological phases, while the extrapolation of the monthly dry matter accumulation rate was applied to obtain the cutting time. The use of irrigation depths significantly increased the phenophase II (higher emission of second-order daughter cladodes), decreasing the phenophase III, associated with third-order daughter cladodes. The phenophase III was lower in the exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems, when compared to the exclusive cropping system. The ideal cutting time for irrigated forage cactus is 19 months, regardless of the cropping system. The exclusive cropping on mulch and forage cactus-sorghum intercropping systems significantly increased the monthly forage dry matter accumulation rate, with an earlier cutting time for the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping system (17 months).

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The effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of opium poppy in north central India

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600042684 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 361-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. L. Yadav ◽

R. Mohan ◽

R. Singh ◽

R. K. Verma

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

N Uptake ◽

Central India ◽

Papaver Somniferum ◽

Opium Poppy ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

N Application ◽

Area Index ◽

North Central

SummaryIn a 2-year field study conducted at Lucknow (26·5° N, 80·5° E and 120 m altitude), plant height, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation and N uptake of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) followed a sigmoid path. After attaining a peak of accumulation at 120 days, dry matter declined in plots given N fertilizer but remained static in the control. N application (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) increased the opium, seed and morphine yields compared with the control. Morphine concentration (%) in the opium, however, increased up to 100 kg N/ha and decreased when N doses exceeded that level. Divided application of N, i.e. half at sowing and remainder at the stem elongation stage, proved beneficial for opium, seed and morphine yields.

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CONSÓRCIO MILHO-BRAQUIÁRIA COM DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS DA FORRAGEIRA NO CENTRO-SUL DO BRASIL

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n1p157-167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

GESSI CECCON ◽

JUSLEI FIGUEIREDO DA SILVA ◽

PRISCILA AKEMI MAKINO ◽

ANTÔNIO LUIZ NETO

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Large Population ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

RESUMO - O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de grãos e de massa de milho, solteiro e consorciado com populações de plantas de duas espécies de Brachiaria para formação de palha ou pasto. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas principais foram constituídas pelas espécies de Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis) e as subparcelas, pelas populações de Brachiaria (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 plantas m-²), em linhas espaçadas de 0,45 m. Os tratamentos consorciados apresentam maior acúmulo de massa seca total do que o milho em cultivo solteiro. O máximo rendimento total de massa seca foi observado entre 10 e 12 plantas m-2 de B. ruziziensis, mas com maiores populações de plantas de B. brizantha. A produtividade de grãos teve redução linear de 13,39 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. brizantha e redução quadrática média de 42,04 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. ruziziensis.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, Urochloa, cultivo consorciado, plantio direto.INTERCROPING MAIZE-BRACHIARIA WITH FORAGE PLANT POPULATION IN THE MID-SOUTH OF BRAZILABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain and dry matter yield of maize, sole and intercropped with four plant populations of two Brachiaria species. We used the experimental design of randomized blocks, with split plots and four replications. The main plots consisted of the Brachiaria species [Brachiaria (sin. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu and Brachiaria ruziziensis] and subplots consisted of the Brachiaria populations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 plants m-²), in same lines spaced 0.45 m. The intercrop treatments have higher total dry matter accumulation than maize monocrop. The maximum total yield dry mass was observed between 10 and 12 plants m-2 B. ruziziensis, but with a large population of plants B. brizantha. The grain yield had linear reduction of 13.39 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 B. brizantha and average quadratic reduction of 42.04 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 of B. ruziziensis.Keywords: Zea mays, Urochloa, intercrop, cropping systems, no tillage.

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Integrating Straw Management and Seeding to Improve Seed Yield and Reduce Environmental Impacts in Soybean Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1033

Author(s):

Cailong Xu ◽

Ruidong Li ◽

Wenwen Song ◽

Tingting Wu ◽

Shi Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practice ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Multiple Cropping ◽

Area Index

Multiple cropping systems boost grain yields and have an immense potential to increase land productivity. In such cropping systems in China, soybean is directly seeded after the wheat harvest in early June. After the wheat harvest, the farmland has low amounts of soil moisture and contains large amounts of wheat straw, which negatively affect soybean growth and yields. To address these challenges, an integrated management practice (IMP) than can achieve precise direct seeding and straw mulching return, was developed. In this study, differences in the soil temperature and moisture, seedling quality, dry matter accumulation, soybean yield, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated between IMP and the farmers’ practices (FP). Compared with the FP treatment, IMP significantly increased the soil moisture and decreased the soil temperature in the topsoil layer. In addition, under the IMP treatment, the rate of emergence and developmental uniformity of soybean plants significantly increased by 21.7% and 99.5%, respectively, thus increasing the leaf area index by 30.0% and dry matter accumulation by 12.0% and, in turn, increasing soybean yields by 24.7%. A principal component analysis showed that the dry matter weight, relative water content, leaf area index, and developmental uniformity were strong sensitivity indices for the IMP treatment. In addition, the intensity of emission of N2O and greenhouse gases under IMP both decreased significantly by 25.1% and 28.9% compared with the FP, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that IMP is a suitable farming practice for sustainable agricultural production, and it has broad prospects for application in wheat–soybean double cropping systems in China and other similar areas globally.

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The Effect of Cereal-legume Intercropping Systems on the Cereal Grain Yield under Semi-arid Conditions

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-346 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Benider ◽

S. Laour ◽

T. Madani ◽

A. Gundouz ◽

H. Kelaleche

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Flag Leaf Length ◽

Positive Significant Correlation

Background: The aim of this study is to ascertain the response of dual exploitation of intercrops systems their ability to produce forage and grain. Thus the efficiency of the cereal-legume intercropping on the qualitative and quantitative improvement yield of cereals. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Setif University Experimental Farm during the years of 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in completely randomize block (CRB) design with three replications. Three cereals namely triticale, oats and barley in association with forage pea and other mixtures with (Vesce commune) were studied. The measure focused on accumulation of dry matter accumulation (DMA), plant height, flag leaf length (FLL), grain yield (GY) and thousand kernels weight (TKW). Result: The results indicate that capacity of intercropping system systems to produce more dry matter than their mono cropping systems, as well as the intercropping systems significantly improved the qualitative and quantitative yield of cereals in all the tested intercropping systems. A positive significant correlation between SH and FLL r = 0.78 in the peas/oats intercrop. Thus use like this positive significant correlation between DMP GY r = 0.94, while the tritical / pea and barley / pea intercropping are characterized by the best DMP, GY and TKW among different tested cropping systems.

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Effect of Small Broomrape (Orobanche Minor) on Red Clover Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-07-049.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 517-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ryan D. Lins ◽

Jed B. Colquhoun ◽

Carol A. Mallory-Smith

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Red Clover ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Primary Host ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

The Relationship

Small broomrape is a parasite of several broadleaf plant species. Consequences of small broomrape infestation in host cropping systems include seed contamination, reduction in crop seed yield, and host plant death. The effect of small broomrape parasitism on the biomass partitioning of its primary host, red clover, has not been documented. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between small broomrape and red clover biomass accumulation. Total biomass of parasitized red clover plants was 15 to 51% less than nonparasitized red clover plants. Small broomrape parasitism reduced the amount of dry matter allocated to red clover inflorescences by 50 to 80%. Small broomrape dry matter accumulation was strongly related to total red clover–small broomrape dry matter accumulation. Small broomrape attachment number per red clover plant was a poor indicator of relative small broomrape dry weight accumulation. The results of this study indicated that small broomrape accumulated resources from red clover at the greatest expense to the economically important reproductive tissues.

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