Influence of Copper Ion Concentration and Electrical Conductivity of the Nutrient Solution on Phytophthora cinnamomi in Ivy grown in Ebb-and-Flow Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 148 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Toppe ◽  
K. Thinggaard
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Ebb And Flow

scholarly journals Development of Miniaturized Water Quality Monitoring System Using Wireless Communication

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Hsing-Cheng Yu ◽  
Ming-Yang Tsai ◽  
Yuan-Chih Tsai ◽  
Jhih-Jyun You ◽  
Chun-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Quality Monitoring

Recently, environmental pollution resulting from industrial waste has been emerging in an endless stream. The industrial waste contains chemical materials, heavy metal ions, and other toxic materials. Once the industrial waste is discharged without standards, it might lead to water or environmental pollution. Hence, it has become more important to provide evidence-based water quality monitoring. The use of a multifunctional miniaturized water quality monitoring system (WQMS), that contains continuous monitoring, water quality monitoring, and wireless communication applications, simultaneously, is infrequent. Thus, electrodes integrated with polydimethylsiloxane flow channels were presented in this study to be a compound sensor, and the sensor can be adopted concurrently to measure temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and copper ion concentration, whose sensitivities are determined as 0.0193 °C/mV, −0.0642 pH/mV, 1.1008 mS/V·cm (from 0 mS/cm to 2 mS/cm) and 1.1975 mS/V·cm (from 2 mS/cm to 5.07 mS/cm), and 0.0111 ppm/mV, respectively. A LoRa shield connected into the system could provide support as a node of long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) for wireless communication application. As mentioned above, the sensors, LoRa, and circuit have been integrated in this study to a continuous monitoring system, WQMS. The advantages of the multifunctional miniaturized WQMS are low cost, small size, easy maintenance, continuous sampling and long-term monitoring for many days. Every tested period is 180 min, and the measured rate is 5 times per 20 min. The feedback signals of the miniaturized WQMS and measured values of the instrument were obtained to compare the difference. In the measured results at three different place-to-place locations the errors of electrical conductivity are 0.051 mS/cm, 0.106 mS/cm, and 0.092 mS/cm, respectively. The errors of pH are 0.68, 0.87, and 0.56, respectively. The errors of temperature are 0.311 °C, 0.252 °C, and 0.304 °C, respectively. The errors of copper ion concentration are 0.051 ppm, 0.058 ppm, 0.050 ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of Hydroponically Cultivated Geranium and Common Verbena under Salinity and High Electrical Conductivity Levels

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Dejan Prvulovic ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity

Abiotic factors in nutrient solutions (NSs), such as salinity and high electrical conductivity (EC), may adversely alter plant growth and crop performance. However, there are medicinal/aromatic plants which can not only withstand these adverse conditions, but which can also increase their productivity or even enhance their quality in such conditions. As fresh water sources suitable for irrigation are becoming more and more limited, the use of low-quality water sources and hydroponic growing systems have been suggested as the main alternatives. Towards that direction, this study aims to evaluate the effect of high EC levels in NSs on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) and common verbena (Verbena officinallis L.) plants cultivated in a soilless (perlite) hydroponics system. Plants were irrigated with a full nutrient solution of EC 2.1 dS m−1 and pH 5.8 until they reached a uniform size. Then, three treatments were applied, namely: (a) a control treatment with an EC of 2.1 dS m−1 in the NS, (b) a high-salinity NS created by adding 75 mM of NaCl (EC under 8.5 dS m−1) and (c) a concentrated NS with an EC of 8.5 dS m−1. In pelargonium, high salinity decreased the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents; antioxidant capacity; N, K, Mg and P content; as well as chlorophyll fluorescence, compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, increased salinity levels increased the Na and Ca content and stomatal resistance. In common verbena, salinity decreased total phenolic content and chlorophyll fluorescence but increased total flavonoid content; antioxidants; leaf K, P, Na, Cu and Zn content; and stomatal resistance, compared to the control. In both species, high EC did not affect polyphenols, flavonoids or antioxidants, whereas it increased stomatal resistance and nutrient accumulation in the leaves, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the control treatment. Damage indices, indicated by lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production and the elevation of enzymes’ antioxidant activities, were evidenced in both saline- and high-EC-treated plants. In conclusion, despite having the same EC levels in the nutrient solution, it seems that ionic stress caused by high mineral concentrations in the nutrient solution had less severe effects on the tested plants than the relevant osmotic stress caused by high salinity due to the addition of NaCl in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Commonalities between Copper Neurotoxicity and Alzheimer’s Disease

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Roshni Patel ◽  
Michael Aschner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Parent Protein ◽  
Lead Zinc

Alzheimer’s disease, a highly prevalent form of dementia, targets neuron function beginning from the hippocampal region and expanding outwards. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by elevated levels of heavy metals, such as lead, zinc, and copper. Copper is found in many areas of daily life, raising a concern as to how this metal and Alzheimer’s disease are related. Previous studies have not identified the common pathways between excess copper and Alzheimer’s disease etiology. Our review corroborates that both copper and Alzheimer’s disease target the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem, affecting motor skills and critical thinking. Additionally, Aβ plaque formation was analyzed beginning from synthesis at the APP parent protein site until Aβ plaque formation was completed. Structural changes were also noted. Further analysis revealed a relationship between amyloid-beta plaques and copper ion concentration. As copper ion levels increased, it bound to the Aβ monomer, expediting the plaque formation process, and furthering neurodegeneration. These conclusions can be utilized in the medical community to further research on the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and its relationships to copper and other metal-induced neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radoń ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Patryk Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Structure Rebuilding

AbstractThe dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION, PLANT GROWTH AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SOILLESS GROWN TOMATO

2001 ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elia ◽  
F. Serio ◽  
A. Parente ◽  
P. Santamaria ◽  
G. Ruiz Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Fruit Quality

Hydroxyapatite modified with silica used for sorption of copper(II)

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet-Sára Bogya ◽  
Réka Barabás ◽  
Alexandra Csavdári ◽  
Valentina Dejeu ◽  
Ioan Bâldea
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Preparation Phase

AbstractThis paper aims to increase the sorption capacity of hydroxyapatite and to find the best apatite-based material for metal ions sorption. The sorption process of copper ions from water solutions by HAP and structurally modified HAP was carried out in this work. Structural modifications of HAP were realized in the preparation phase by an addition of sodium silica into the reaction medium. The prepared materials were characterized by physical-chemical methods: IR, electron-microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The composites characterized were tested in kinetic studies regarding ion exchange and adsorption of Cu2+. It was revealed that the silica content, particle size and initial copper ion concentration influence the process rate.

Susceptibility of low chill peach rootstocks to Phytophthora spp

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
P Broadbent ◽  
MB Barkley ◽  
M Sriskanthadas ◽  
CJ Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Peach Rootstocks

Peach seedlings (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Ansbacher, Boyles, Clarke's Shanghai, Neilson (Fred Hill), Okinawa, O'Meara, Richens Nos 1,2 and 3, Tomm's Early and Tomm's Shanghai), which are commonly used as rootstocks for low chill peaches in coastal New South Wales, were all susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora and to a lesser extent P. parasitica, P. citricola, P. cryptogea, and P. megasperma, when tested by stem inoculations in the glasshouse. Myrobalan H29C plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) cuttings showed more resistance than peach seedlings. Variety of seedling peach was highly significant in stem inoculation experiments, but the performance of each varied between experiments. Root inoculations in aerated nutrient solution showed all rootstocks were susceptible to P. cinnamomi, but Neilson (Fred Hill) peach was more tolerant than other seedling peaches and less tolerant than Myrobalan H29C plum. No recommendation could be made on a rootstock for low chill peaches more tolerant of root and collar rots and waterlogging.

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