The effect of cold temperature exposure and long-day photoperiod on the termination of the reproductive diapause of newly emerged female Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Trudel ◽  
Robert Lavallee ◽  
E ric Bauce ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Exposure

scholarly journals Survival of halophilic Archaea in Earth's cold stratosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. DasSarma ◽  
V.J. Laye ◽  
J. Harvey ◽  
C. Reid ◽  
J. Shultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Genetic Responses

AbstractHalophilic Archaea are known to tolerate multiple extreme conditions on Earth and have been proposed as models for astrobiology. In order to assess the importance of cold-adaptation of these microorganisms in surviving stratospheric conditions, we launched live, liquid cultures of two species, the mesophilic model Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and the cold-adapted Antarctic isolate Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC 49239, on helium balloons. After return to Earth, the cold-adapted species showed nearly complete survival while the mesophilic species exhibited slightly reduced viability. Parallel studies found that the cold-adapted species was also better able to survive freezing and thawing in the laboratory. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis was used to compare the two haloarchaea at optimum growth temperatures versus low temperatures supporting growth. The cold-adapted species displayed perturbation of a majority of genes upon cold temperature exposure, divided evenly between up-regulated and down-regulated genes, while the mesophile exhibited perturbation of only a fifth of its genes, with nearly two-thirds being down-regulated. These results underscore the importance of genetic responses of H. lacusprofundi to cold temperature for enhanced survival in the stratosphere.

scholarly journals Steroid hormone ecdysone deficiency stimulates preparation for photoperiodic reproductive diapause

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009352
Author(s):  
Shuang Guo ◽  
Zhong Tian ◽  
Qing-Wen Wu ◽  
Kirst King-Jones ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Endocrine Factor ◽  
Ecdysis Triggering Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Signaling

Diapause, a programmed developmental arrest primarily induced by seasonal environmental changes, is very common in the animal kingdom, and found in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Diapause provides an adaptive advantage to animals, as it increases the odds of surviving adverse conditions. In insects, individuals perceive photoperiodic cues and modify endocrine signaling to direct reproductive diapause traits, such as ovary arrest and increased fat accumulation. However, it remains unclear as to which endocrine factors are involved in this process and how they regulate the onset of reproductive diapause. Here, we found that the long day-mediated drop in the concentration of the steroid hormone ecdysone is essential for the preparation of photoperiodic reproductive diapause in Colaphellus bowringi, an economically important cabbage beetle. The diapause-inducing long-day condition reduced the expression of ecdysone biosynthetic genes, explaining the drop in the titer of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E, the active form of ecdysone) in female adults. Application of exogenous 20E induced vitellogenesis and ovarian development but reduced fat accumulation in the diapause-destined females. Knocking down the ecdysone receptor (EcR) in females destined for reproduction blocked reproductive development and induced diapause traits. RNA-seq and hormone measurements indicated that 20E stimulates the production of juvenile hormone (JH), a key endocrine factor in reproductive diapause. To verify this, we depleted three ecdysone biosynthetic enzymes via RNAi, which confirmed that 20E is critical for JH biosynthesis and reproductive diapause. Importantly, impairing Met function, a component of the JH intracellular receptor, partially blocked the 20E-regulated reproductive diapause preparation, indicating that 20E regulates reproductive diapause in both JH-dependent and -independent manners. Finally, we found that 20E deficiency decreased ecdysis-triggering hormone signaling and reduced JH production, thereby inducing diapause. Together, these results suggest that 20E signaling is a pivotal regulator that coordinates reproductive plasticity in response to environmental inputs.

Influence of Cyclic Cold Temperature Stress on Watermelon Seedling Growth, Earliness, Yield, and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 546d-546
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Robert J. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Temperature Exposure

Watermelon seedlings may be repeatedly exposed to temperatures alternating between almost freezing and optimal temperatures for growth during stand establishment in coastal South Carolina. `Carnival' watermelon transplants were exposed to 2 °C for 3, 6, and 9 h, for 1, 3, 6, and 9 days in a walk-in cooler and then to warm temperatures (24 °C) immediately prior to field planting. Our objective was to determine the long term effect of early season cold temperature exposure on seedling growth, earliness, yield and quality by simulating the cold/warm alternations possible in the field. Cold-stressed transplants were field planted after the risk of ambient cold stress was negligible. Exposure to cycling cold temperatures generally did not affect earliness, total productivity and quality, although seedling growth characteristics were reduced in response to the longer cold-stress treatment. Therefore, cold temperature stresses occurring in the field at transplanting have negligible beneficial or detrimental effects on yield potential of `Carnival' watermelon.

Role of light and temperature in the regulation of reproduction in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2090-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Whittier ◽  
Robert T. Mason ◽  
David Crews ◽  
Paul Licht
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Ovarian Activation

The influence of photoperiodic manipulation on sexual behavior and ovarian recrudescence of male and female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) was examined over a 4-year period. Snakes were exposed to photoperiodic manipulations before, during, and after a 17-week cold temperature dormancy; sexual behavior of males and females and ovarian recrudescence were observed after emergence from cold temperature dormancy. In the 1st year (1982), males were exposed to two conditions representing minimum and maximum exposure to daylight: (i) 6 weeks of a short-day prehibernation period (10L:14D, 28:18 °C), followed by 17 weeks of hibernation in complete darkness (0L:24D, 4 °C) and emergence into warm dark conditions (0L:24D, 28:18 °C); and (ii) 6 weeks of a long-day prehibernation period (14L:10D, 28:18 °C), followed by 17 weeks of hibernation with exposure to light (12L:12D, 4 °C) and emergence into warm, long days (14L:10D, 28:18 °C). Males in both conditions exhibited intense courtship behavior on emergence from hibernation. Females in 1982 were significantly influenced only by long-day prehibernation conditions (14L:10D, 28:18 °C); under these conditions, ovarian recrudescence on emergence was inhibited. Long prehibernation photoperiod did not significantly influence female receptive behavior on emergence, indicating that neuroendocrine control of ovarian activation and sexual behavior may be separate in this species. In three subsequent years (1983, 1984, 1985) none of the photoperiodic conditions significantly influenced male or female sexual behavior or ovarian recrudescence. Slight differences in experimental protocol in these subsequent years that may account for differences in results from 1982 are discussed. Finally, ovarian development was found to be clearly tied to the duration of cold temperature dormancy in this species. Females receiving 7 or 17 weeks of exposure to cold (4 °C) underwent vitellogenesis at similar frequencies. Most females receiving 0 or only 4 weeks of exposure to cold (4 °C) did not become vitellogenic. Mating on emergence was not a requirement for the initiation of vitellogenesis in this study.

scholarly journals Inheritance of seasonal cycles in Chrysoperla (Insecta: Neuroptera)

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Tauber ◽  
Maurice J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Polygenic System

SummaryTwo separate, but interacting, genetic systems underlie the variation in seasonal cycles among members of the Chrysoperla carnea species-complex. The two systems are expressed as all-or-none reproductive responses to photoperiod and prey (i.e. short-day/long-day requirement for reproduction versus long-day reproduction and prey requirement for reproduction versus reproduction without prey). In each case the alternative to reproduction is reproductive diapause. The photoperiodic responses are determined by alleles at two unlinked autosomal loci. The expression of dominance by the alleles at these loci varies among geographical populations. The genes that determine the photoperiodic responses also act as suppressors of the genes that govern responsiveness to prey. An autosomal, polygenic system, with a threshold for the expression of diapause, determines responsiveness to prey. The two genetic systems are important to seasonal diversification and speciation within the C. carnea species-complex.

scholarly journals Self-reported effects of cold temperature exposure in persons with tetraplegia

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Handrakis ◽  
Dwindally Rosado-Rivera ◽  
Kamaldeep Singh ◽  
Kirsten Swonger ◽  
Frank Azarelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

scholarly journals Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hendrickson ◽  
Seanna Hewitt ◽  
Mark E. Swanson ◽  
Todd Einhorn ◽  
Amit Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
Time Course Experiment ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractEuropean pears (Pyrus communis L.) require a range of cold-temperature exposure to induce ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. Physiological and hormonal responses to cold temperature storage in pear have been well characterized, but the molecular underpinnings of these phenomena remain unclear. An established low-temperature conditioning model was used to induce ripening of ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’ pear cultivars and quantify the expression of key genes representing ripening-related metabolic pathways in comparison to non-conditioned fruit. Physiological indicators of pear ripening were recorded, and fruit peel tissue sampled in parallel, during the cold-conditioning and ripening time-course experiment to correlate gene expression to ontogeny. Two complementary approaches, Nonparametric Multi-Dimensional Scaling and efficiency-corrected 2-(ΔΔCt), were used to identify genes exhibiting the most variability in expression. Interestingly, the enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript abundance at the pre-climacteric stage in ‘Bartlett’ and ‘D’Anjou’ at the peak of the conditioning treatments suggests that AOX may play a key and a novel role in the achievement of ripening competency. There were indications that cold-sensing and signaling elements from ABA and auxin pathways modulate the S1-S2 ethylene transition in European pears, and that the S1-S2 ethylene biosynthesis transition is more pronounced in ‘Bartlett’ as compared to ‘D’Anjou’ pear. This information has implications in preventing post-harvest losses of this important crop.

DIAPAUSE IN CHRYSOPA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE): I. EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON REPRODUCTIVELY ACTIVE ADULTS

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Tauber ◽  
Catherine A. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Lighting Regimen

AbstractUpon transfer to a photoperiod of LD 12:12 all young, reproductively active Chrysopa carnea Stephens, reared and maintained under LD 16:8, showed a rapid decline in fecundity. One group entered diapause, as shown by the cessation of oviposition within 22 to 34 days, fat body accumulation, and an associated colour change. The females in this group resumed oviposition within 3 to 7 days after being returned to LD 16:8. Females in the other group under short-day conditions continued to oviposit, but at a lower rate than those kept under constant LD 16:8. Our data indicate that the imago is sensitive to both long-day and short-day photoperiods and that some males and females enter a facultative reproductive diapause which is induced and terminated in this stage solely by manipulating the adult lighting regimen.

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