Gaia Data Release 2

The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) contains, beyond the astrometry, three-band photometry for 1.38 billion sources. One band is the G band, the other two were obtained by integrating the Gaia prism spectra (BP and RP). We have used these three broad photometric bands to infer stellar effective temperatures, Teff, for all sources brighter than G = 17 mag with Teff in the range 3000–10 000 K (some 161 million sources). Using in addition the parallaxes, we infer the line-of-sight extinction, AG, and the reddening, E(BP − RP), for 88 million sources. Together with a bolometric correction we derive luminosity and radius for 77 million sources. These quantities as well as their estimated uncertainties are part of Gaia DR2. Here we describe the procedures by which these quantities were obtained, including the underlying assumptions, comparison with literature estimates, and the limitations of our results. Typical accuracies are of order 324 K (Teff), 0.46 mag (AG), 0.23 mag (E(BP − RP)), 15% (luminosity), and 10% (radius). Being based on only a small number of observable quantities and limited training data, our results are necessarily subject to some extreme assumptions that can lead to strong systematics in some cases (not included in the aforementioned accuracy estimates). One aspect is the non-negativity contraint of our estimates, in particular extinction, which we discuss. Yet in several regions of parameter space our results show very good performance, for example for red clump stars and solar analogues. Large uncertainties render the extinctions less useful at the individual star level, but they show good performance for ensemble estimates. We identify regimes in which our parameters should and should not be used and we define a “clean” sample. Despite the limitations, this is the largest catalogue of uniformly-inferred stellar parameters to date. More precise and detailed astrophysical parameters based on the full BP/RP spectrophotometry are planned as part of the third Gaia data release.

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CoMaLit – VI. Intrinsic scatter in stacked relations. The weak lensing AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa1902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 497 (1) ◽

pp. 894-905

Author(s):

Mauro Sereno ◽

Stefano Ettori ◽

Giorgio F Lesci ◽

Federico Marulli ◽

Matteo Maturi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Galaxy Clusters ◽

Weak Lensing ◽

Inference Method ◽

The Third ◽

Data Release ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Bayesian Inference Method ◽

Mass Calibration ◽

The Individual ◽

Intrinsic Scatter

ABSTRACT Unbiased and precise mass calibration of galaxy clusters is crucial to fully exploit galaxy clusters as cosmological probes. Stacking of weak lensing (WL) signal allows us to measure observable–mass relations down to less massive haloes without extrapolation. We propose a Bayesian inference method to constrain the intrinsic scatter of the mass proxy in stacked analyses. The scatter of the stacked data is rescaled with respect to the individual scatter based on the number of binned clusters. We apply this method to the galaxy clusters detected with the AMICO (Adaptive Matched Identifier of Clustered Objects) algorithm in the third data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey. The results confirm the optical richness as a low-scatter mass proxy. Based on the optical richness and the calibrated WL mass–richness relation, mass of individual objects down to $\sim\! 10^{13}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ can be estimated with a precision of ∼20 per cent.

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Transformations from WISE to 2MASS, SDSS and BVI Photometric Systems: II. Transformation Equations for Red-Clump Stars

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia ◽

10.1071/as11078 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 121-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Bilir ◽

S. Karaali ◽

N. D. Dağtekin ◽

Ö. Önal ◽

S. Ak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽

Wide Field ◽

Experiment Data ◽

The Third ◽

Final Sample ◽

Sky Survey ◽

Data Release ◽

Red Clump ◽

Absolute Magnitudes

AbstractWe present colour transformations for the conversion of Wide-Field Survey Explorer W1, W2, and W3 magnitudes to the Johnson–Cousins BVIc, Sloan Digital Sky Survey gri, and Two Micron All Sky Survey JHKs photometric systems, for red clump (RC) stars. RC stars were selected from the Third Radial Velocity Experiment Data Release. The apparent magnitudes were collected by matching the coordinates of this sample with different photometric catalogues. The final sample (355 RC stars) was used to obtain metallicitydependent and free-of-metallicity transformations. These transformations combined with known absolute magnitudes at shorter wavelengths can be used in space density determinations for the Galactic (thin and thick) discs at distances larger than the ones evaluated with JHKs photometry alone, hence providing a powerful tool in the analysis of Galactic structure.

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Combining Values

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.marapr01 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4, 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Proximal Phalanx ◽

Common Error ◽

The Third ◽

Whole Person ◽

Impairment Ratings ◽

Upper Extremity Impairment ◽

The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

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Journey to the Advisor Within: Exploring Challenge, Transformation and Evolution in Advisor Stories

Relay Journal ◽

10.37237/relay/020207 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 319-322

Author(s):

Gamze Güven-Yalçın ◽

Stephanie Lea Howard ◽

Hatice Karaaslan

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Reflective Practice ◽

Message Board ◽

Initial Experiment ◽

Narrative Style ◽

The Third ◽

Visual Message ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

The Individual ◽

Academic Year

In the Reflective Practice column of the third issue of the Relay Journal, Yamamoto (2019) remarked on the importance of creating a platform for advisors to voice their views, feelings, and experiences, and suggested a need for more reflective narratives to be posted from different social, historical, and cultural contexts in order to provide an intimate view inside advising sessions, thereby offering a better understanding of said advising practices. The aim was to create a forum where advisors could learn from each other, and ultimately, everyone could mutually benefit from the experiences shared. To further this innovative research into Advising in Language Learning (ALL), the initial experiment by language advsiors at Kanda has been replicated in a different setting with four learning advisors from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey. The design used by the advisors at Kanda, a narrative style adopted while telling the stories, has been expanded to include a visual message board to which 20 learning advisors have contributed with their short reflective captions on their advisor selves. Additionally, the theme used by the advisors at Kanda, “the most memorable advising experience of this academic year” has been altered in our case to avoid repetition and to allow reflection on different aspects of the advising experiences. Thus, our narratives and the visual message board will examine two different themes: (1) How has advising affected you? (2) How do you define yourself as an advisor? Four narratives have elaborated on the first theme of the influence of advising knowledge and practice on the individual advisors, and the visual message board includes 20 images with reflective captions on the second theme of defining advisor identities.

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The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

10.1093/oso/9780198824176.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael P. DeJonge

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

Extreme Situation ◽

The Third ◽

Third Phase ◽

Responsible Action ◽

Action Type ◽

Two Phases ◽

The Individual ◽

The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

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VARIABILITY OF EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF DNA

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/113.4.1077 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 1077-1091

Author(s):

John H Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Significant Excess ◽

Ergodic Markov Chain ◽

The Third ◽

Markov Chain Models ◽

Rate Of Molecular Evolution ◽

The Mean ◽

Nuclear Loci ◽

The Individual ◽

Evolution Of Proteins

ABSTRACT A statistical analysis of DNA sequences from four nuclear loci and five mitochondrial loci from different orders of mammals is described. A major aim of the study is to describe the variation in the rate of molecular evolution of proteins and DNA. A measure of rate variability is the statistic R, the ratio of the variance in the number of substitutions to the mean number. For proteins, R is found to be in the range 0.16 < R < 35.55, thus extending in both directions the values seen in previous studies. An analysis of codons shows that there is a highly significant excess of double substitutions in the first and second positions, but not in the second and third or first and third positions. The analysis of the dynamics of nucleotide evolution showed that the ergodic Markov chain models that are the basis of most published formulas for correcting for multiple substitutions are incompatible with the data. A bootstrap procedure was used to show that the evolution of the individual nucleotides, even the third positions, show the same variation in rates as seen in the proteins. It is argued that protein and silent DNA evolution are uncoupled, with the evolution at both levels showing patterns that are better explained by the action of natural selection than by neutrality. This conclusion is based primarily on a comparison of the nuclear and mitochondrial results.

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The bimodal [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] bulge sequence as revealed by APOGEE DR14

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201834126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 626 ◽

pp. A16 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Rojas-Arriagada ◽

M. Zoccali ◽

M. Schultheis ◽

A. Recio-Blanco ◽

G. Zasowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Parameters ◽

Elemental Abundances ◽

Data Release ◽

Bulge Region ◽

Solar Metallicity ◽

Inner Region ◽

Clean Sample ◽

Metallicity Distribution ◽

Single Sequence

Context. The Galactic bulge has a bimodal metallicity distribution function: different kinematic, spatial, and, potentially, age distributions characterize the metal-poor and metal-rich components. Despite this observed dichotomy, which argues for different formation channels for those stars, the distribution of bulge stars in the α-abundance versus metallicity plane has been found so far to be a rather smooth single sequence. Aims. We use data from the fourteenth data release of the APOGEE spectroscopic survey (DR14) to investigate the distribution in the Mg abundance (as tracer of the α-elements)-versus-metallicity plane of a sample of stars selected to be in the inner region of the bulge. Methods. A clean sample has been selected from the DR14 using a set of data- and pipeline-flags to ensure the quality of their fundamental parameters and elemental abundances. An additional selection made use of computed spectro-photometric distances to select a sample of likely bulge stars as those with RGC ≤ 3.5 kpc. We adopt magnesium abundance as an α-abundance proxy for our clean sample as it has been proven to be the most accurate α-element as determined by ASPCAP, the pipeline for data products from APOGEE spectra. Results. From the distribution of our bulge sample in the [Mg/Fe]-versus-[Fe/H] plane, we found that the sequence is bimodal. This bimodality is given by the presence of a low-Mg sequence of stars parallel to the main high-Mg sequence over a range of ∼0.5 dex around solar metallicity. The two sequences merge above [Fe/H] ∼ 0.15 dex into a single sequence whose dispersion in [Mg/Fe] is larger than either of the two sequences visible at lower metallicity. This result is confirmed when we consider stars in our sample that are inside the bulge region according to trustworthy Gaia DR2 distances.

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Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52177-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benedikt Holtmann ◽

Julia Buskas ◽

Matthew Steele ◽

Kristaps Solokovskis ◽

Jochen B. W. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Social Environment ◽

Social Rank ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Same Sex ◽

The Third ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

Dominant Individual ◽

The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

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The Literary Form and Liturgical Background of Psalm Lxxxix

Vetus Testamentum ◽

10.1163/156853361x00237 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 321-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James M. Ward

Keyword(s):

Literary Form ◽

The Third ◽

The Individual

AbstractPs. lxxxix is in many ways the most interesting and important of the royal psalms. Taken as a whole it is a lamentation (vss. 39-52) over the frustration of God's promises to the Davidic dynasty (vss. 20-38), which were made possible by his cosmic sovereignty (6-15). The first part of the psalm recalls the hymns of Yahweh's enthronement (xlvii, xciii, xcv-c), the second, the oracle of Nathan (2 Sam. vii; Ps. cxxxii), and the third, the individual lamentations of the Psalter. This complexity of form and content has led most commentators to divide the psalm into two or three originally separate poems, and to interpret their significance more or less independently of each other. It is the aim of the present study to demonstrate the formal integrity of the psalm as it appears in the Psalter, and to discover, if possible, its original liturgical setting.

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HESRi country impact and uptake in Slovenia

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Gabrijelčič Blenkus

Keyword(s):

Development Strategy ◽

Health Equity ◽

Social Protection ◽

Economic Status ◽

National Development ◽

Economic Research ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

The Third ◽

Health Report ◽

The Individual

Abstract Equity and solidarity are strongly embedded in Slovene society from the second half of the 20th century on. Questions, exploring equity issues date in 1964, as a part of the Slovene Public Opinion (SPO) Survey. Slovenia is reporting on health equity and wellbeing in three strands. The first one is regular Human Development Report, based on Slovene Development Strategy since 2007, delegated partially to Institute of Economic Research (IER). Second one is regular Inequalities in Health Report, led by National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), and based on the National Health Strategy, since 2011. The third one is regular Poverty Report, led by Institute of Social Protection (ISP), based on the decision of the Parliamentarian Commission for Health and Social Affairs in 2013. NIPH comprehensively reported on Inequalities in Health in 2011, at that time based on direct measures of socio-economic status (SES) like education, or indirect measures or indexes (as development index or deprivation index of the municipality). In the second, 2018 report, several developments enabled for reporting health equity gap based on the individual SES status and first few cases of policy influences on equity status were described. In line with the WHO Rio SDH declaration 2011, in the third Health Equity Report, planned for 2021, further shift is foreseen and focus will be given to the policies influencing the equity gaps. For the 2021 Health Equity Report for Slovenia, three national key institutions (NIJZ, IER and ISP) decided to work together, based on the established multisectoral competences. WHO HESRi was developed and launched in best possible timing for the Slovene national initiative, to provide the international support, insights and facilitate further national development. Slovene priorities will be defined according to the national interests, Slovene presidency to EU in 2021 and Country Specific Recommendations in the frame of the European Semester.

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