Expression of body and hair color in three adult castes of the red honeybee Apis koschevnikovi von Buttel-Reepen, 1906 in Sabah, Borneo

Hanna Polak was in the United States in December 2015 for a screening of Something Better to Come (2014) and The Children of Leningradsky (2004) at Yale University, where the interview was conducted. Polak's devastating documentary Something Better to Come swept through the festival circuit with force, winning a Special Jury Award at IDFA along with awards at over twenty other festivals. Shot illegally on a garbage dump just outside Moscow over the course of fourteen years, the film follows a girl named Yula from age 10 to 24, as she grows up doing the things that teenagers everywhere do—experimenting with her hair color and makeup, with cigarettes and alcohol—all while living in the most difficult of conditions.

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TOKSISITAS AKUT INFUSA KULIT ARI KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogea L.) PADA MENCIT BALB/ C

JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik ◽

10.31942/jiffk.v15i2.2568 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Risha Fillah Fithria ◽

Ririn Lispita Wulandari ◽

Devi Nisa Hidayati ◽

Lilis Rejeki

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Color Change ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Hair Color ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

Passive Behavior

ABSTRACTPeanut shell (PS) infusion has been shown to be antithrombocytopenia, but there has been no research on safety standards. This study aims to identify the symptoms of toxic effects, the potency of toxicity and histopathology of liver male Balb/C mice after a single dose of PS infusion. This research uses randomized matched posttest only control group design. Twenty five mice were divided into 5 orally dosage groups, ie, PS infusion with a dose of 0,026; 0.052; 0.104; 0.208 g/20gBW; and negative control of CMC Na 0.5%. The observation period is for 14 days. The results showed that single dose of PS infusion had a pseudo LD50 value ie > 0.208g/20gBW which was practically non toxic. Symptoms to watch out for the BW infusion were passive behavior, bradycnea, hair color change, hair loss, and weight loss at doses of 3 and 4. It is unclear whether liver damage ie inflammation, necrosis, and albuminous degeneration caused by PS infusion or other causes.keywords: acute toxicity, infusion, peanut shell

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A Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist Induces Skin and Hair Pigmentation in Patients with Monogenic Mutations in the Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000516282 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Varvara Kanti ◽

Lia Puder ◽

Irina Jahnke ◽

Philipp Maximilian Krabusch ◽

Jan Kottner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leptin Receptor ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hair Color ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Background and Objectives: Gene mutations within the leptin-melanocortin signaling pathway lead to severe early-onset obesity. Recently, a phase 2 trial evaluated new pharmacological treatment options with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide in patients with mutations in the genes encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and leptin receptor (LEPR). During treatment with setmelanotide, changes in skin pigmentation were observed, probably due to off-target effects on the closely related melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Here, we describe in detail the findings of dermatological examinations and measurements of skin pigmentation during this treatment over time and discuss the impact of these changes on patient safety. Methods: In an investigator-initiated, phase 2, open-label pilot study, 2 patients with loss-of-function POMC gene mutations and 3 patients with loss-of-function variants in LEPR were treated with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide. Dermatological examination, dermoscopy, whole body photographic documentation, and spectrophotometric measurements were performed at screening visit and approximately every 3 months during the course of the study. Results: We report the results of a maximum treatment duration of 46 months. Skin pigmentation increased in all treated patients, as confirmed by spectrophotometry. During continuous treatment, the current results indicate that elevated tanning intensity levels may stabilize over time. Lips and nevi also darkened. In red-haired study participants, hair color changed to brown after initiation of setmelanotide treatment. Discussion: Setmelanotide treatment leads to skin tanning and occasionally hair color darkening in both POMC- and LEPR-deficient patients. No malignant skin changes were observed in the patients of this study. However, the results highlight the importance of regular skin examinations before and during MC4R agonist treatment.

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Conditional out-of-distribution generation for unpaired data using transfer VAE

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. i610-i617

Author(s):

Mohammad Lotfollahi ◽

Mohsen Naghipourfar ◽

Fabian J Theis ◽

F Alexander Wolf

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Generative Models ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Compact Representation ◽

Hair Color ◽

Great Success ◽

Cell Type ◽

Style Transfer ◽

Cell Type Specific

Abstract Motivation While generative models have shown great success in sampling high-dimensional samples conditional on low-dimensional descriptors (stroke thickness in MNIST, hair color in CelebA, speaker identity in WaveNet), their generation out-of-distribution poses fundamental problems due to the difficulty of learning compact joint distribution across conditions. The canonical example of the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE), for instance, does not explicitly relate conditions during training and, hence, has no explicit incentive of learning such a compact representation. Results We overcome the limitation of the CVAE by matching distributions across conditions using maximum mean discrepancy in the decoder layer that follows the bottleneck. This introduces a strong regularization both for reconstructing samples within the same condition and for transforming samples across conditions, resulting in much improved generalization. As this amount to solving a style-transfer problem, we refer to the model as transfer VAE (trVAE). Benchmarking trVAE on high-dimensional image and single-cell RNA-seq, we demonstrate higher robustness and higher accuracy than existing approaches. We also show qualitatively improved predictions by tackling previously problematic minority classes and multiple conditions in the context of cellular perturbation response to treatment and disease based on high-dimensional single-cell gene expression data. For generic tasks, we improve Pearson correlations of high-dimensional estimated means and variances with their ground truths from 0.89 to 0.97 and 0.75 to 0.87, respectively. We further demonstrate that trVAE learns cell-type-specific responses after perturbation and improves the prediction of most cell-type-specific genes by 65%. Availability and implementation The trVAE implementation is available via github.com/theislab/trvae. The results of this article can be reproduced via github.com/theislab/trvae_reproducibility.

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Hair Follicle Melanogenesis Reflected in Hair Pigmentation as a Developmental Factor in Alopecia Areata

Skin Appendage Disorders ◽

10.1159/000516301 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Margit Juhasz ◽

Rosalynn R.Z. Conic ◽

Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Large Scale ◽

Medical Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Hair Color ◽

Natural Hair ◽

Hair Pigmentation ◽

Developmental Factor ◽

Record Review

The mechanism of alopecia areata (AA) is not well-elucidated, and hair follicle melanogenesis pathways are implicated as possible sources for autoantigens. After a retrospective medical record review at a single tertiary medical center, the hair color of 112 AA patients were identified and compared to a control group of 104 androgenetic alopecia patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the natural hair color prevalence between the 2 groups (p = 0.164), and hair color was not a predictor of the alopecia type. Our results suggest hair pigmentation, determined by the eumelanin-to-pheomelanin ratio, is not a positive risk factor for AA development. We hope that our study will encourage multiple large-scale, collaborative, retrospective medical reviews to determine if our results are reproducible in diverse patient populations.

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Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083970 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3970

Author(s):

Md Razib Hossain ◽

Tuba M. Ansary ◽

Mayumi Komine ◽

Mamitaro Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Basal Layer ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Hair Color ◽

Microbial Infection

The production of melanin pigments by melanocytes and their quantity, quality, and distribution play a decisive role in determining human skin, eye, and hair color, and protect the skin from adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. Melanocytes reside in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and are compensated by melanocyte stem cells in the follicular bulge area. Various stimuli such as eczema, microbial infection, ultraviolet light exposure, mechanical injury, and aging provoke skin inflammation. These acute or chronic inflammatory responses cause inflammatory cytokine production from epidermal keratinocytes as well as dermal fibroblasts and other cells, which in turn stimulate melanocytes, often resulting in skin pigmentation. It is confirmed by some recent studies that several interleukins (ILs) and other inflammatory mediators modulate the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal melanocytes and also promote or inhibit expression of melanogenesis-related gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby participating in regulation of skin pigmentation. Understanding of mechanisms of skin pigmentation due to inflammation helps to elucidate the relationship between inflammation and skin pigmentation regulation and can guide development of new therapeutic pathways for treating pigmented dermatosis. This review covers the mechanistic aspects of skin pigmentation caused by inflammation.

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