scholarly journals Estimation methods of the agricultural equipment value with regard toevaluation of Alina carrot harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kowalczyk ◽  
Michał Cupiał
Keyword(s):  
Price Adjustment ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
The Cost

The objective of the paper is to present methods of evaluation of real estates used for evaluation of agricultural equipment and types of value related thereto. Alina carrot harvester by Waremczuk company served as an example, for which a detailed methodology and the results of valuation were presented. Evaluation was carried out based on two approaches namely a comparative and cost approach. In the case of the comparative approach, the average price adjustment method was used and in the case of the cost approach - a replacement cost method.As a result of using various approaches and methods of evaluation two slightly different values of the evaluated harvester were obtained. It was respectively: EUR16,406 - at the use of the average price adjustment method and EUR 17,678 - the estimated net replacement value in the cost approach for the replacement method.

Methods of valuation for an Internet business

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
E. S. Epifanov ◽  
N. Z. Atarov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Income Approach ◽  
Internet Business ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a description of the main methods of valuation Internet business: a comparative approach, the income approach, the cost approach; and provides guidance on the valuation of Internet projects.

Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.

Insights on Cost Estimation Methods and its Uses in Software Project Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Aravindhan K
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Cost Estimation Model ◽  
The Cost

Cost estimation of software projects is risky task in project management field. It is a process of predicting the cost and effort required to develop a software applications. Several cost estimation models have been proposed over the last thirty to forty years. Many software companies track and analyse the current project by measuring the planed cost and estimate the accuracy. If the estimation is not proper then it leads to the failure of the project. One of the challenging tasks in project management is how to evaluate the different cost estimation and selecting the proper model for the current project. This paper summarizes the different cost estimation model and its techniques. It also provides the proper model selection for the different types of the projects.

scholarly journals A Relation of Dominance for the Bicriterion Bus Routing Problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Widuch
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Variable Weights ◽  
Bus Routing ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A bicriterion bus routing (BBR) problem is described and analysed. The objective is to find a route from the start stop to the final stop minimizing the time and the cost of travel simultaneously. Additionally, the time of starting travel at the start stop is given. The BBR problem can be resolved using methods of graph theory. It comes down to resolving a bicriterion shortest path (BSP) problem in a multigraph with variable weights. In the paper, differences between the problem with constant weights and that with variable weights are described and analysed, with particular emphasis on properties satisfied only for the problem with variable weights and the description of the influence of dominated partial solutions on non-dominated final solutions. This paper proposes methods of estimation a dominated partial solution for the possibility of obtaining a non-dominated final solution from it. An algorithm for solving the BBR problem implementing these estimation methods is proposed and the results of experimental tests are presented.

scholarly journals A Novel Coherence Reduction Method in Compressed Sensing for DOA Estimation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
ChongZhao Han ◽  
XiangHua Yao ◽  
Feng Lian
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Sensing Matrix ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Measurement Vector

A novel method named as coherent column replacement method is proposed to reduce the coherence of a partially deterministic sensing matrix, which is comprised of highly coherent columns and random Gaussian columns. The proposed method is to replace the highly coherent columns with random Gaussian columns to obtain a new sensing matrix. The measurement vector is changed accordingly. It is proved that the original sparse signal could be reconstructed well from the newly changed measurement vector based on the new sensing matrix with large probability. This method is then extended to a more practical condition when highly coherent columns and incoherent columns are considered, for example, the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem in phased array radar system using compressed sensing. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method succeeds in identifying multiple targets in a sparse radar scene, where the compressed sensing method based on the original sensing matrix fails. The proposed method also obtains more precise estimation of DOA using one snapshot compared with the traditional estimation methods such as Capon, APES, and GLRT, based on hundreds of snapshots.

scholarly journals ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТЕОРИИ НЕЧЕТКИХ МНОЖЕСТВ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5(17)) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Файзиев Р. А. ◽  
Хаитматов У. Т. ◽  
Азаматов О. Х. ◽  
Джуманиязов Ш. Р. ◽  
Хасанова Х. Х.
Keyword(s):  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuzzy Interval ◽  
Theory Of Fuzzy Sets

The article outlines the main features of the use of the theory of indefinite bundles in the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of investment projects.He analysis of methods for quantifying the effectiveness of the IP under uncertainty suggests that the existing methods either eliminate the uncertainty from the IP model, which is inappropriate, since uncertainty is an integral characteristic of any forecast, or are unable to formally describe, and take into account all possible varieties of types of uncertainty.Methods based on the theory of fuzzy sets refer to the methods of evaluation and decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Their use implies the formalization of the initial parameters and performance targets of the IP in the form of a vector of interval values (fuzzy interval), the hit in each interval of which is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty.Also, the fuzzy-interval approach has advantages in solving the problems of forming an optimal portfolio of investment projects. To solve the problem of forming an optimal IP portfolio, a large number of models for the formation of an optimal IP portfolio have been developed, differing from each other in the form of objective functions, variable properties, used by mathematical methods, and uncertainty.

scholarly journals Reducing the cost of electricity transmission services of industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electric power producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-383
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Dzyuba
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the cost of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises is the most important area of increasing the operational efficiency of their activities. The article is devoted to the issue of reducing the cost of paying for the service component of the transport component of purchased electrical energy from industrial enterprises that have technological connection to the electrical networks of electricity producers. The article makes an empirical study of the features of the pricing of payment for the services of the transport component of purchased electrical energy for industrial enterprises connected to the electric grids of electricity producers with the identification of factors influencing the overestimation of the cost of paid electricity, and calculating such overestimations using the example of a typical schedule of electricity consumption of a machinebuilding enterprise for various regions Russia. On the basis of the developed author's indicators (tariff coefficient for electricity transportation by the level of GNP, index of tariff coefficient for electricity transportation, weighted average price for electricity transportation, index of weighted average price for electricity transportation, integral index of efficiency of GNP tariffs) study of the effectiveness of the application of tariffs for the transport of electricity for industrial enterprises connected to the electric networks of electricity producers. Based on the calculated indicators, the article groups the regions into three main groups, with the development of recommendations for managing the cost of purchasing electricity by the component of the cost of the transport component of purchased electricity in each group. As the most optimal option for reducing the cost of electricity transportation, the author proposes the introduction of demand management for electricity consumption, which will reduce the costs of industrial enterprises that pay for the transport component of purchased electricity at unfavorable tariff configurations.

scholarly journals Best-first Enumeration Based on Bounding Conflicts, and its Application to Large-scale Hybrid Estimation (Extended Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Timmons ◽  
Brian C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Hybrid Estimation ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
State Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Belief States

State estimation methods based on hybrid discrete and continuous state models have emerged as a method of precisely computing belief states for real world systems, however they have difficulty scaling to systems with more than a handful of components. Classical, consistency based diagnosis methods scale to this level by combining best-first enumeration and conflict-directed search. While best-first methods have been developed for hybrid estimation, conflict-directed methods have thus far been elusive as conflicts summarize constraint violations, but probabilistic hybrid estimation is relatively unconstrained. In this paper we present an approach (A*BC) that unifies best-first enumeration and conflict-directed search in relatively unconstrained problems through the concept of "bounding" conflicts, an extension of conflicts that represent tighter bounds on the cost of regions of the search space. Experiments show that an A*BC powered state estimator produces estimates up to an order of magnitude faster than the current state of the art, particularly on large systems.

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