scholarly journals Reserves for improving the efficiency of integrated formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamil M. Gazetdinov ◽  
Mirsharip Kh. Gazetdinov ◽  
Olga S. Semicheva ◽  
Farida F. Gatina ◽  
Almaz A. Nigmetzynov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the experience and development of agricultural formations in the Republic of Tatarstan. Many of them have achieved good results during the period of operation, which confirms the advantages of large-scale production. It is argued that the problem of further development of integrated formations can be solved within the framework of the scientific concept, according to which the integrated formation is a modern form of concentration of production, which most fully meets the requirement of accelerated transfer of agriculture to the intensive development path. The implementation of this concept allows one to mobilize organizational reserves of efficiency growth of integrated formations. The main tools of the mechanism of its implementation are considered: increasing the level of cooperation and concentration, the creation of service centers and specialized production units, reducing the number of middle managers, improving the level of labor organization and management quality due to the informatization of management work. It is proposed to speed up the pace of creation of integrated units and enhance their inherent reserves to establish certain financial benefits, to revise the procedure for allocation to local budgets, to ensure the development and examination of projects for the creation and development of new integrated units.

scholarly journals Land Use Transitions and Farm Performance in China: A Perspective of Land Fragmentation

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Shukun Wang ◽  
Dengwang Li ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Changquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Farm Performance ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
The Relationship

Land fragmentation (LF) is widespread worldwide and affects farmers’ decision-making and, thus, farm performance. We used detailed household survey data at the crop level from ten provinces in China to construct four LF indicators and six farm performance indicators. We ran a set of regression models using OLS methods to analyse the relationship between LF and farm performance. The results showed that (1) LF increased the input of production material and labour costs; (2) LF reduced farmers’ purchasing of mechanical services and the efficiency of ploughing; and (3) LF may increase technical efficiency (this result, however, was not sufficiently robust and had no effect on yield). Generally speaking, LF was negatively related to farm performance. To improve farm performance, it is recommended that decision-makers speed up land transfer and land consolidation, stabilise land property rights, establish land-transfer intermediary organisations and promote large-scale production.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS: CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Раис Минниханов ◽  
Rais Minnihanov ◽  
Харрис Мусин ◽  
Kharris Musin ◽  
Нурсиль Гибадуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Prospects

The research methodology is based on generally accepted silvicultural and taxation techniques, methods of observation, and the method of test plots. The objects of research were the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. Forests were created on an area of 17 553 hectares with a clear cutting area of 9 190 hectares for the years 1962-2001 in the forest fund of the GKU “Sabinskoe Forestry”. A part of forest cultures was created under the canopy of soft-leaved stands, in which non-continuous logging was carried out, but they did not have a sufficient amount of conifer undergrowth. The number of self-seeding per 1 m2 of mineralized area with the disc soil mineralization of KLB-1.7 on average is 1.4 times more than in the control variant. The bulk of self-seeding settles in the middle of the prepared lanes and grounds. In 1990, the number of self-seeding at the center of the bands averaged 81%, and at the edges - 19%, with fluctuations in some areas from 51 to 85%. In the next 2 years, the number of self seeding at the center of the lanes decreased on average by 65%, at the edges to 97%. Consequently, in high-grade crops of spruce, one cannot count on the accumulation of self-seeding after sampling either every 4th or every 8th rows of crops and soil mineralization even with good seed yield. It is necessary to improve the method of cutting and soil preparation. The thinning of plantations in the adjacent rows at the same time as felling could be effective, but they were not considered in further studies, because clear felling showed its futility. Conducted long-term large-scale production experiments demonstrate the possibilities of transferring artificial forest ecosystems to the path of natural development by the system of complex logging.

Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Engel
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Many

Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction explores enzymes, the tiny molecular machines that make life possible. These proteins speed up chemical reactions inside a living organism many millionfold. Working together, teams of enzymes carry out all the processes that can be collectively recognized as life, from making DNA to digesting food. This VSI explains how this works, before going on to reveal how these catalysts of such extraordinary power and exquisite selectivity have evolved. It also examines the many varied ways in which individual enzymes are used nowadays as tools—in medical diagnosis and therapy, washing powders, food production, waste treatment, and chemical synthesis. New vistas have opened up through application of molecular genetics, not only allowing cheap, large-scale production of pure enzymes but also making possible new, tailor-made enzymes.

scholarly journals From Micro to Macro via Production Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Aggregate Fluctuations ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Shed Light

A modern economy is an intricately linked web of specialized production units, each relying on the flow of inputs from their suppliers to produce their own output which, in turn, is routed towards other downstream units. In this essay, I argue that this network perspective on production linkages can offer novel insights on how local shocks occurring along this production network can propagate across the economy and give rise to aggregate fluctuations. First, I discuss how production networks can be mapped to a standard general equilibrium setup. In particular, through a series of stylized examples, I demonstrate how the propagation of sectoral shocks—and hence aggregate volatility— depends on different arrangements of production, that is, on different “shapes” of the underlying production network. Next I explore, from a network perspective, the empirical properties of a large-scale production network as given by detailed US input-output data. Finally I address how theory and data on production networks can be usefully combined to shed light on comovement and aggregate fluctuations.

scholarly journals The Aggressivness of Diaporthe longicolla and Diaporthe pseudolongicolla Isolates Tested by the Soybean Seed’s Artificial Inoculation

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Tomislav Duvnjak ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra Sudarić ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Anto MIjić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Republic

This study’s objective was to determine if there was a difference in aggressiveness between the Diaporthe longicolla and the Diaporthe pseudolongicolla isolates infecting the soybean seeds. An artificial inoculation was performed under laboratory conditions and in a greenhouse on a soybean cultivar (Tisa) created in the breeding program of the Agricultural Institute Osijek and represented in a large-scale production in the Republic of Croatia. An attempt was made to discover whether the isolates of the recently described D. pseudolongicolla were more aggressive to the soybean seeds than the D. longicolla isolates, which have manifested a high aggressiveness to the soybean seeds throughout a series of earlier experiments. The D. pseudolongicolla isolates used in the experiment were isolated from the infected seeds pertaining to a wide production in the vicinity of Osijek. The experiments have demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the aggressiveness between the isolates tested, with the D. longicolla isolate manifesting the highest aggressiveness in both trials.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

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