scholarly journals Pedagogic position of resident physicians as a factor contributing to forming a healthy-oriented lifestyle in patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Nina Pavlovna Vanchakova ◽  
Andrey Anatoljevich Bogatyrev ◽  
Veronica Aleksandrovna Denishenko ◽  
Natalia Valerjevna Krasilnikova ◽  
Anton Mikhailovitch Shaporov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Teaching Techniques ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conceptual Core

The paper describes the features and components of the academic course content and teaching techniques aimed at forming the pedagogic position (a set of pedagogical knowledges, skills, competences, values, and attitudes) of a doctor in young resident physicians. This position contributes to an effective health-oriented lifestyle dissemination and adoption, especially in patients with chronic diseases. It reflects a new perception of physician’s vocational duties, including care for patients’ life and their need for psychological support. Biopsychosocial approach to health and disease was chosen as a conceptual core of the academic course content and methodology design, specially elaborated to unite pedagogical aspects of the physician’s job with the clinical ones. The set of methods aimed at doctor’s pedagogical position formation and development of professional reflection, values and attitudes included lecturing, interviewing, case studies and clinical cases analysis, discussion, questionnaires, brainstorming, trainings and testing. Eighty-six resident physicians were observed within this study. Such components of the pedagogic position as knowledges, skills, attitudes and motivation showed more dynamics, whereas personal traits were seen as a more static and stable component of the pedagogic position in resident physicians. A remarkable divergence of progress was elicited between doctors of various specialties.

Red Meat and Health

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Angela Saunders ◽  
Carol Zeuschner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.

scholarly journals Blastocystis in Health and Disease: Are We Moving from a Clinical to a Public Health Perspective?

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee O'Brien Andersen ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Convincing Data

Blastocystisis a genus of common single-celled intestinal parasitic protists with an unsettled role in human health and disease. Being a stable component of intestinal microbiota, once established, theBlastocystisparasite appears more common in healthy individuals than in patients with infectious, functional, or inflammatory bowel disease. Recent data suggest that the parasite is associated with certain gut microbiota profiles and health indices. Convincing data and tools differentiating asymptomatic colonization from infection are yet to be demonstrated. Although the parasite may elicit disease under certain circumstances, the focus onBlastocystismay be shifting from a clinical to a public health perspective.

CONJOINT INNOVATION: BUILDING A BRIDGE BETWEEN INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450001 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOE TIDD
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
The Core ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Generative Mechanisms ◽  
Constructive Interaction ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Research on innovation has focussed on management structures, processes and tools, whereas research on entrepreneurship and creativity has been more interested in individual personal traits. However, many of the most successful innovative firms and technologies were co-created, by multiple founders. Moreover, these founders typically have different but complementary capabilities, and we argue that it is this interaction of talent that is at the core of many innovative new ventures, what we refer to as Conjoint Innovation. We examine 15 case studies, historical and contemporary, to demonstrate the prevalence and utility of the concept of Conjoint Innovation. We identify three generative mechanisms in such interactions: complementary capabilities; contrasting cognitive and creative styles; and adjacent networks. Whilst multiple founders are a defining condition for Conjoint Innovation, all three generative mechanisms appear to be necessary for constructive interaction and innovation.

scholarly journals Understanding the concept of Purgation (Ishal) in Unani Medicine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Hina V Kouser ◽  
Fatima Khan ◽  
Ayesha Tehseen ◽  
Mohd Nayab ◽  
Abdul Nasir Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Disease Elimination ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
A Minor

The theory of humours (akhlat) is one of the fundamental pillars of the Unani System of Medicine (USM). The concept of health and disease depends on the quality (kaifiyat) and quantity (kammiyat) of humour (khilt). Health (sehat) lasts when humours remain in equilibrium and the main determinant of health is the balance in six essential factors (asbab-e-sittah zarooriya). These factors are highly modifiable and deviation in any of them leads to disequilibrium in humours either qualitatively or quantitatively which ultimately manifests in the form of the disease. Elimination (istifragh) of these morbid humours from the body becomes mandatory to treat the diseases or to restore health. One of the effective methods of elimination is purgation (ishal). It is a method by which morbid humours from the body are eliminated through the anal route. Before the elimination of any pathological humour especially in chronic diseases, it is mandatory to make the humour easily eliminable. This process of making the pathological humour eliminable is known as concoction (nuzj). The process of concoction is a regular and continuous process of the tabiyat (mediatrix naturae) of the body. In case of a minor deviation in humour, tabiyat itself eliminates it from the body after concoction. When the causative pathological humours are in abundance or grossly deviated from normalcy, tabiyat needs help from outside the body. This help of tabiyat can be done with some humour specific drugs which are known as concoctive medicines (munzij advia). Once, the humours become eliminable, the process of evacuation can be started. Classical Unani literature and published papers were explored to find the rationale of purgation therapy. Purgation is found to be advisable in the treatment of many chronic diseases. Tabiyat is the ultimate healer in the body and purgation helps it to overcome the diseases. Keywords: Istifragh; Munzij; Nuzj; Akhlat; Humours; Concoction

The biopsychosocial approach

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Davey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach

This chapter provides a critique of whether the biopsychosocial model is useful in understanding aetiological factors in chronic diseases. It illustrates the arguments by referring to studies on peptic ulcer and ischaemic heart diseases, and shows that bias and confounding can generate spurious findings and associations, especially in observational studies.

scholarly journals David James Purslove Barker. 29 June 1938—27 August 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Barker ◽  
Caroline H. Fall ◽  
Clive Osmond ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Tom P. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Western World ◽  
Barker Hypothesis ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Health And Disease

Professor David James Purslove Barker was a physician and one of the most influential medical scientists of our time. His fetal programming hypothesis (known as the Barker Hypothesis) transformed thinking about what causes chronic diseases that are the scourge of modern society: cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The Barker Hypothesis proposed that the environment of the fetus and infant determined by maternal nutrition and exposure to infection subsequently predisposes the pathologies of later life. He challenged the idea that chronic diseases result from a combination of bad genes and unhealthy adult lifestyle. The environment of the fetus and infant, he suggested, permanently set or ‘programmed’ the body's metabolism and growth, and thereby pathologies of old age. His initially controversial, but now widely accepted, ideas have produced an explosion of research worldwide into the complex processes of nutrition and growth during intrauterine and early post-natal life and how these cause adult diseases. His discoveries created a new field of research, developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), influencing global scientific thinking. David believed that ‘the poorer health of people in lower socio-economic groups or living in impoverished places was linked to past and present neglect of the welfare of mothers and babies’. Tackling the epidemics of diabetes and heart disease in the Western world and in developing countries would require, he said, a shift in focus to prioritize the health and nutrition of adolescent girls, pregnant women and infants. This focus has subsequently been enshrined in global health policies and priorities.

Mechanisms of prozone formation in agglutination reaction

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Cho ◽  
D. G. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Labile Component ◽  
Precise Assessment

Natural and artificially induced inhibition of agglutination, in the presence of adequate agglutinating antibody, has been demonstrated using Brucella abortus as antigen and sheep serum as the source of antibodies.At least three types of inhibition have been demonstrated: (a) due to a heat-labile component, found in both normal and immune sera, which is probably complement, (b) due to a heat-stable component which sediments with 7S-globulins and migrates electrophoretically with the fast gamma-globulins, (c) induced by heating serum at 56 °C for prolonged periods or 60 °C for shorter periods. The latter inhibition appears to be due to complex formation of IgM with other serum proteins, which results in inhibition of the agglutinating, but not binding, capacity of this immunoglobulin.The extent to which any or all of these phenomena may be demonstrated varies with the time (and probably activity) of an infection, and may allow more precise assessment of the stage of infection, particularly in chronic diseases.

Gut Microbiota: In Dynamics of Life and Homoeopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiphrangdaka L. Suchiang ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Shabana Yeasmin ◽  
Monisha Singh ◽  
James Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractThe Human Microbiome Project (HMP) launched in 2008 by the National Institute of Health (NIH) fascinated microbiologists with discoveries of micro-organisms inside and outside of human beings. Their correlation with health and disease brings a new insight to preventive and therapeutic measures. At present, focus is more on the micro-organisms residing in the gut and various factors capable of altering their composition. The conclusion made by Dr. Edward Bach regarding the ability of homoeopathic potencies to alter bowel flora and its relation with chronic diseases was investigated and experimented way back. The present review attempts to correlate gut microbiota with the art and science of homoeopathy.

Teaching a Human Factors-Based Course in Computers and Medicine

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
Daryle J. Gardner-Bonneau ◽  
Richard W. Stahlhut ◽  
John W. Gosbee ◽  
Eileen M. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
State University ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Computers And Medicine

The purpose of this paper is to describe a human factors-based course in computers and medicine that has been developed by faculty at the Michigan State University/Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies. This course is targeted at medical students and resident physicians in primary care, but easily could be adapted for use as a graduate-level course in human factors engineering, computer science, or psychology. Unlike virtually all courses in traditional medical informatics programs, this course is human-centered, as opposed to technology-centered. In our presentation, we completely outline the course content and materials, as well as the process we use in teaching this course. In addition, we describe the in-class exercises we use and a number of innovative course projects that students and residents have conducted within the context of our medical education setting. Finally, ways in which this course can be adapted for suitable delivery in a non-medical setting are discussed.

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