scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of organic matter in the surface sediments of Ubatuba Bay (Southeastern - Brazil)

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
LETICIA BURONE ◽  
PABLO MUNIZ ◽  
ANA MARIA S. PIRES-VANIN ◽  
MARCELO RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Evaluation

Analyses of organic matter content, organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and granulometric variables were performed on 101 surface sediment samples from Ubatuba Bay in order to investigate the spatial distribution of organic matter, its origin and the relationships among its components. The samples were obtained with a manual corer, from water depths between 1 and 15m during 5 cruises of the R/V "Veliger II'', two months apart. Pearson correlation, regression and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Strong correlations between organic matter and fine sediment fractions were obtained. The PCA revealed at least two main sample groups that reflect the different environmental conditions prevalent in the bay. There is a simple linear relationship between organic carbon content and the organic matter content determined by the calcination technique. Taking into account that the analysis of organic matter content is less expensive and less time consuming than the analysis of organic carbon, the present method of estimation can be useful when fast evaluation of the organic carbon content is needed for samples from similar environments.

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

Water repellency of post-boggy soils with a various content of organic matter

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lachacz ◽  
Monika Nitkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Kalisz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Positive Correlation

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the water repellency of post-boggy soils in north-eastern Poland. Potential water repellency was determined based on the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test and the molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED) test. A total of 276 soil samples with a varied organic carbon (OC) content, ranging from trace amounts in sandy subsoils to 44.4% in organic soils, were analyzed. The investigated material represents peat-muck soils (Eutri-Sapric Histsols) and muck-like soils (Arenic Gleysols, Areni-Humic Gleysols, Gleyic Arenosols). The mineral matter of the analyzed soils comprised loose sand. The obtained results indicate that peat soil formations are marked by higher potential water repellency than muck soil formations. The highest WDPT values (16 390 s) were reported in respect of an alder peat sample with 41.9% OC content, collected at a depth of 55–60 cm. In the group of muck soils, a sample with 36.7% OC content, collected at a depth of 15–20 cm, was marked by the highest water repellency (WDPT 10 492 s). The water repellency of the studied soils is dependent on organic matter content, and it is manifested only when organic matter content is higher than 20%. Soils with OC content of up to 12% show low water repellency or are hydrophilic. Organic soil formations (>12% OC) are characterized by a varied degree of water repellency, but WDPT values in excess of 2000 s are reported only in respect of soils containing more than 35% OC. A significant positive correlation between the content of organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and water repellency was observed in the entire studied population (n = 276). A significant positive correlation was also found between WDPT values and the C:N ratio, while a significant negative correlation was reported in respect of $$ pH_{H_2 O} $$.

Role of Humified Organic Matter in Herbicide Adsorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Organic matter is the soil constituent most often associated with herbicide adsorption. Structural diversity makes humified organic material an ideal substrate for the adsorption of many pesticides, but variability in composition and distribution in situ complicates interpretation of its quantitative effect on adsorption. Variability in the adsorption distribution coefficient (KD) of a herbicide among soils often is due to differences in organic matter content and can be reduced by adjusting KDfor soil organic carbon content and computing the organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc). Koccan be estimated from the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of organic compounds, but the correlation weakens as compound polarity increases. Kocalso can be correlated with aqueous solubility if a correction is made for the melting point of compounds that are solids at 25 C. Relative adsorption can be estimated from parachor and molecular connectivity indices; but corrections are needed for polar compounds, and correlations with KDor Kochave been variable. Such predictive methods may be useful for broad classification purposes, but accurate extrapolation generally requires site-specific adsorption measurements. Empirical models which accommodate the multiple regression of organic matter content and other soil properties such as clay content, pH, and cation exchange capacity on herbicide adsorption can increase accuracy, but interpretation may be restricted to a small number of sites.

scholarly journals Long-Term Carbon Accumulation in Temperate Swamp Soils: A Case Study from Greenock Swamp, Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Dazé ◽  
Eunji Byun ◽  
Sarah A Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Wetland Types

Abstract Wetlands that develop peat are a globally significant pool of soil carbon. While some wetland types such as bogs and fens are well characterized by the consistent development of carbon-rich peat, swamps soils are more variable both in terms of their carbon densities and accretion rates. Subcategorizing swamps by forest type may be a useful way of understanding this variability. Here we provide a case study of carbon accumulation in two distinct forest stands of Greenock Swamp located in the Great Lakes – St Lawrence mixed forest region in Bruce County, Ontario, Canada: an Acer - Fraxinus (maple-ash) dominant stand (i.e., broad-leaved swamp) and a Thuja occidentalis (cedar) dominant stand (i.e., needle-leaved swamp). Organic matter and organic carbon contents were analyzed among seven Acer - Fraxinus soil cores and one Thuja occidentalis core collected from Greenock Swamp. The Acer - Fraxinus cores had peat depths ranging from 18-60 cm with a mean organic matter content of 54% and an organic carbon content of 34% of dry mass. The Thuja occidentalis swamp core had at least 4 m of almost homogeneous peat with a mean organic matter content of 89%. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the Acer - Fraxinus swamp accumulates peat episodically whereas the Thuja occidentalis swamp showed continuous peat accumulation since the Middle Holocene. Overall, both broad-leaved and needle-leaved swamps have important soil carbon stocks, and are prevalent wetland types in middle latitudes. Both need to be considered to fully represent the carbon pools and potential sink of temperate wetlands.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the methods for the determination of organic carbon and organic matter in soils, compost and sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Angelova ◽  
V. I. Akova ◽  
K. I. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Organic Content ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to compare the most commonly used methods for the determination of organic carbon (OC) and organic matter (SOM), and evaluate the capability of LOI (loss on ignition method) to estimate OC, using reference soils, compost and sludge as standards. The use of a titrimetric endpoint (adding phosphoric acid prior to titration) is more suitable for assessing the level of organic carbon in soils with low, medium, high and very high content. The use of a photometric endpoint is more appropriate for samples of medium and high carbon content. LOI 400 and LOI 450 may also be used for the determination of samples with a high organic content whereas LOI 450 - in the determination of samples with an average organic content. LOI 450 can be used to evaluate SOC in a wide range of organic matter concentrations (3-55%). Indirect assessment of the organic carbon content or organic matter using a correction coefficient is not very accurate for samples with average organic carbon content. Keywords: methods, organic carbon, organic matter, certified samples

Conserving the Organic Matter Content of the Soil to Sustain Sugarcane Yield

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
S. R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Combined Application

SummaryIn two field experiments conducted over five successive sugarcane crops (including four ratoon crops), yield decline was associated with a decrease in the organic carbon content of the soil. Reduction in cane yield was minimized by the combined application of farmyard manure and urea, which resulted in an increase in soil organic carbon of 0.023% over the initial status within five years. Incorporation of farm waste materials such as cane trash, rice straw and legume husk into the soil before cane planting also increased the soil organic carbon content. Maximum benefits, however, were produced by the incorporation of legume husk with 150 kg N ha−1. A judicious mixture of chemical fertilizer and organic manures is therefore suggested as a means of sustaining the productivity of sugarcane.

scholarly journals 529 Relationship of Soil Temperature, pH, and Organic Carbon Content to Nitrogen Release in Cranberry Soils

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 537A-537
Author(s):  
Joan R. Davenport ◽  
Carolyn DeMoranville
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
N Release

Soluble nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) is released when soil organic matter is mineralized. The amount of N released by this process depends on the amount of organic matter present and soil temperature. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) grows in acidic soils with a wide range in organic matter content. To evaluate how soil N release is affected by soil temperature, intact soil cores were collected from sites that had received no fertilizer and placed in PVC columns. Four different soil types, representing the range of cranberry soils (sand, sanded organic soil, peat, and muck), were used. Each column was incubated sequentially at six different temperatures from 10 to 24 °C (2.8 °C temperature intervals) for 3 weeks at each temperature, with the soils leached twice weekly to determine the amount of N release. The total amount of N in leachate was highest in organic soils, intermediate in the sanded organic soil, and lowest in the sands. The degree of decomposition in the organic soils was important in determining which form of N predominated. In the more highly decomposed organic soil (muck), most of the N was converted to nitrate. The data from this study resulted in the development of two models—one predicting the N mineralization and the other predicting the proportion of N in each of the two forms. Key factors for N release rate were soil temperature, percentage of clay, and organic carbon content. For predicting the proportion of N as ammonium vs. nitrate, key factors were soil temperature, soil pH, and the distribution of mineral matter in the silt and sand fractions.

Microstructure and composition of the periderm of conulariids

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Ford ◽  
Heyo Van Iten ◽  
George R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Aperture Closure

AbstractTransmitted light and scanning electron imaging of sectioned specimens ofConulariaandParaconularia, prepared using HCl etching and critical point drying, revealed that their periderm is composed of extremely thin (approximately 0.5–3 µm), variably distinct microlamellae that are alternately organic poor and organic rich. Organic-rich microlamellae are cross-connected by slender strands of organic matter originally embedded in calcium phosphate, which in etched specimens has been dissolved. Microlamellae may be organized in thicker (approximately 5–75 µm) layers, or macrolamellae, that vary in color and organic matter content, possibly owing to changes in the ambient paleoenvironment. Thickening of the periderm to form transverse ribs and internal carinae was achieved through gradual thickening of individual microlamellae. In the core of the transverse ribs and internal carinae the distinction between organic-rich and organic-poor microlamellae may be reduced, owing to organic material becoming dominant over (former) mineral matter or vice versa. Combined with observations of plicated aperture closure in thin-walled conulariids, includingArchaeoconularia slateri(Reed, 1933) (Upper Ordovician, Scotland) showing smooth folding of midline carinae through angles greater than 90°, these results suggest a structure and original flexibility in the organic-rich biocomposite forming the conulariid periderm that supports its homology to the chitinous lamellar periderm of coronate scyphozoans.

scholarly journals Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Nikolett Uzinger ◽  
Orsolya Szécsy ◽  
Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽  
István Padra ◽  
Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

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