scholarly journals The benefits of geographical indication certification through farmer organizations on low-income farmers: the case of Hoa Vang sticky rice in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
Dao The Anh ◽  
Paule Moustier
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Farmer Organization

Origin labeling and quality upgrading through farmer organizations have been considered as solutions to reduce transaction costs and improve market bargaining power. This paper explores whether belonging to a farmer organization that improves and signals quality can help increase yields and household incomes of small-scale farmers for a specific quality product, Hoa Vang sticky rice in Vietnam. The paper is based on primary data on 185 households collected in 2013 and on 149 households collected in 2015. Different econometric methods were applied to investigate the effect based on rice yield, rice income and household income as the outcome variables. The results show that membership of farmer organization does not significantly improve household income compared to non-membership. However, members of farmer organizations have less resources in terms of land and inputs than non-members. These results suggest that the economic results achieved by farmers with fewer opportunities to access markets are similar to those obtained by farmers with more opportunities thanks to the involvement of farmer organizations in marketing. The specificities of the Hoa Vang sticky rice are still not reflected in higher farmer sales prices and incomes. More dialogue between farmer organizations and their customers is thus required, as well as better public control of labeling fraud.

scholarly journals Knowledge and use of antibiotics among low-income small-scale farmers of Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 105287
Author(s):  
Julio A. Benavides ◽  
Daniel G. Streicker ◽  
Milagros S. Gonzales ◽  
Elizabeth Rojas-Paniagua ◽  
Carlos Shiva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

scholarly journals Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Bin Mushambanyi Théodore Munyuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 around the flower growing areas in central Uganda to generate baseline information on the status of pollinators. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire that aimed at determining farmers and flower farm officials’ perceptions on the impact of activities carried out inside greenhouses on pollinators, human health, and on crop production in the surroundings. Results indicated that the quantity of pesticides and fertilizers applied daily varied among the different flower farms visited. Bee species richness and abundance varied significantly (P<0.01) according to flower farm location, to the landscape vegetation type, and to field types found in the surrounding of flower farms. Bee richness found around flower farms varied in number from 20 to 40 species in total across seasons and years. Bee density increased significantly with the increase in flower density. Small-scale farmers were aware of the value and importance of pollination services in their farming business. There was no clear evidence of a direct effect of agrochemicals application on bee communities living in the surrounding habitats. There is a need for further research to be conducted on human health risks and for toxicological studies on soils, plants, flowers, and bees in the farm landscape.

scholarly journals Factors Limiting Adoption of Technologies by Farmers in Catabola Municipality, Angola

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
K. Rušarová ◽  
J. Mazancová ◽  
B. Havrland
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Tool Technology

Abstract The objective of the paper is to define the factors influencing the adoption of animal traction and/or mechanical-power technology in the conditions of Catabola municipality where hand-tool technology is being used on 99.7% of the area cultivated by small farmers. Primary data collection was conducted in the period July–August 2011; semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were the most frequent methods used. In total, 151 small-scale farmers from 9 villages participated in the survey. Ten factors influencing the dependent variable – level of technology used by farmers in combination with hiring of labour – were defined. The factors were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The area of cultivated land and the educational level of both parents and children were found to be the factors limiting the process of animal traction or mechanical power adoption by small farmers in the Catabola municipality. In addition, a relatively high rate of child labour was observed. With the exclusion of childless families, 62.7% of small farmer families regularly use children aged 0–14 years for field operations. The results confirm that the factor of hiring extra labour is irrelevant in determining the development in technology use by small farmers in the Catabola municipality.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Endophyte Mycobiome in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Using Illumina Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonjock R. Kinge ◽  
S. Ghosh ◽  
Errol Cason ◽  
Marieka Gryzenhout
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Generic Groups ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Abstract Cowpea is an important crop for small-scale farmers in poor areas, but is also being developed for commercial agriculture as a possible substitute for commercial legumes. Endophytic fungi are omnipresent and play crucial but diverse roles in plants. This study characterized the endophyte component of the cowpea mycobiome from leaves, main and crown stems, and roots using Illumina MiSeq of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal operon. Ascomycetes exhibited the highest diversity, with Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) assigned as Macrophomina, Cladosporium, Phoma, Fusarium and Cryptococcus, among the most dominant genera. The highest fungal species richness was found in roots followed by leaves. Certain MOTUS showed preferential colonization patterns for above or below ground tissues. Several MOTU generic groups known to include phytopathogenic species were found, with relative abundances ranging from high to very low. Phylogenetic analyses of reads for some MOTUs showed that a level of identification could be obtained to species level, while the absences of other species, including phytopathogens, could be shown. This is the first study that adopted a holistic metagenomic typing approach to study the fungal endophytes of cowpea, a crop that is so integral for low-income households of the world.

scholarly journals Small-scale Farming and Access to Market: Challenges and Opportunities in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Confidence Ndlovu ◽  
Mandla Masuku
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The paper has aimed to explore the effectiveness of small-scale farmers in improving household income and food security, particularly looking at the barriers to market access in rural areas. This study was undertaken in rural areas of Kanyamazane, Clau-Clau and Nyongane, South Africa, where small-scale producers depend on low-risk and low-return markets to generate household income from production, thus ensuring food security. To achieve the aim of this study, a qualitative approach was used to provide in-depth interpretation of the perspectives, experiences, and behavioural patterns of the small-scale farmers faced with market related issues. Small-scale farmers, agricultural extension officers, and municipal officials were purposefully selected to share their views, perceptions, and experiences on the effectiveness in accessing markets. The findings revealed that there was limited access to formal markets by small-scale farmers because of limited knowledge and capacity to meet market requirements. The study confirmed that a lack of marketing skills, institutional support services, and limited access to arable land, have directly negative effects on achieving livelihood outcomes. This study recommends a sustainable crop production method which reduces the costs of farming resources, such as pesticide and fertilizer, through organic methods to ensure food safety and enhanced nutrient quality. This study further encourages inclusive rural development, where small-scale producers are treated as stakeholders in agricultural policy formulation to enable access to financial resources and increase in production through the formation of cooperatives.

scholarly journals Study on Coffee Marketing and Farmer Organization in Pasuruan District

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Lya Aklimawati
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Farmer Organization

Complexity of coffee supply chain system encourages business actors to optimize supply chain management as an effort to increase market transparencyamong them. Consolidating in farmer organization was required to strengthen bargaining position of farmer for facing the complexity of supply chain system.The aim of this research was to analyze supply chain and marketing margin on coffee marketing; and to analyze the characteristics of coffee farmer organization.This research was conducted in Pasuruan district as one of coffee producing area in East Java. Number of respondents were 18 that consisted of 16 farmersand 2 extension officers. The respondent was determined by snowball sampling method. The data was considered a primary data and secondary data was usedas supporting data. Data were analyzed by using descriptive method and marketing margin analysis. The result showed that coffee marketing chain in Pasuruan district would lead to a relatively long and complex which was dominated by collectors. The highest profit of Arabica coffee marketing received by collectors was gained by selling green beans. On the Robusta coffee marketing, the highest profit was derived by selling fresh cherries. Farmer organizations could not be able to improve their bargaining position and market access as a result of weakness on the role and function of them.

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Conversion on Income and Food Security Status For Farmer Households in 5 Villages in Temon Sub-District, Kulon Progo District, 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Anisa Nurpita ◽  
Latri Wihastuti ◽  
Ike Yuli Andjani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact

Preparation for the construction and development of  NYIA airport in Temon sub district, Kulon Progo district, D.I. Yogyakarta province has caused displacement of people for their land, including farmers. Farmers affected are located in five villages that include Jankaran, Palihan, Sindutan, Glagah and Kebon Rejo. The objective of this resrarch is to  analyze the impact of land conversion on farmer household incomes and food security status.  The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire.  Analysis of data was based on descriptive statistics and test of differences between paired samples. Results showed that land conversion has had a negative and significant influence on incomes of affected farmer households. The decline in household income of farmers in 5 villages in Temon sub district among other factors, is attributable to the reduction in farming land. Secondly, consequently, loss of farmer household income aggravated the vulnerability of the affected households to food insecurity.  The number of farmer households that experienced food insecurity increased from 87 percent of all farmer households prior to land conversion to 90 percent after land conversion. Conclusions formed the basis for several policy recommendations to mitigate and if possible overcome the problem.

Climate Change Adaptation Undertaken by Small-scale Farmers in Nepal: A Reference from Tinau River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Background: Climate change is an emerging challenge that the global society will have to deal with over the coming decades. The task is particularly daunting to developing societies as they are considered more susceptible to climate change because of their exposures and sensitivities to climate-related extremes, and especially because of their restricted adaptive capabilities to deal with the effects of hazardous events. Objectives: This research attempts to seek evidence of adaptation undertaken as a result of climate change-induced impacts and analyze the factors affecting the capability and strategies of climate change adaptation by small scale farmers in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cum correlational research design was employed in the study following a quantitative approach. Using a convenience sampling method, primary data for each variable was collected from 67 small scale farmers of Tinau River Basin located in the Western region of Nepal. 5-Point Likert Scale questions were prepared and pilot testing was conducted to collect the responses. Descriptive statistics, Kendall Rank Correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha (α) Test were used while analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses. The inferences were made at 5% and 1% level of significance. Results: The findings indicate that the small scale farmers in the Tinau River Basin are experiencing the varied level of changes in climate. It revealed the existence of some barring factors for adaptation, further, insisting that farmers are prone to suffer from capability losses due to climate change. Conclusion: The study concludes that small scale farmers are prone to suffer from capability losses due to climate change. Climate change effects are hampering their ability to cultivate the land, increasingly damaging their production, and causing lower yields of harvests. Implications:  This study suggests that such influencing factors should be taken into prime consideration (while developing additional intervention) to enhance farmers’ capabilities to better cope with climate change effects; thus improving their adaptation measures for maintaining a flourishing relationship with the changing climate.

Who are the High Hospital Users? A Canadian Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noralou Roos ◽  
Charles Burchill ◽  
Keumhee Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Hospital Days

Objectives: Researchers have taken two different approaches to understanding high use of hospital services, one focusing on the large proportion of services used by a small minority and a second focusing on the poor health status and high hospital use of the poor. This work attempts to bridge these two widely researched approaches to understanding health care use. Methods: Administrative data from Winnipeg, Manitoba covering all hospitalizations in 1995 were combined with public use Census measures of socio-economic status (neighbourhood household income). High users were defined as the 1% of the population who spent the most days in hospital in 1995 ( n = 6487 hospital users out of population of 648 715 including non-users). Results: One per cent of the Winnipeg population consumed 69% of the hospital days in 1995. Thirty-one per cent of the highest users were among the 20% of residents of neighbourhoods with the lowest household incomes, and 10% of the highest users were among the 20% from neighbourhoods with the highest household incomes. However, on most other dimensions, including gender, age, average days in hospital, average admissions, percentage who died in hospital and diagnostic reasons for being hospitalized, the similarities between high users, regardless of their socio-economic group, were striking. Conclusions: The lower the socio-economic status, the more likely an individual is to make high demands on hospitals. However, patterns of use as well as the diseases and accidents that produce high use among residents of low income neighbourhoods are not much different from those that produce high use among residents of high income neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Determinants of Domestic Savings Mobilization Among the Rural Poor: The contribution of Table Banking in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Kimosop ◽  
Josephat Cheboi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
National Average ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

This study examined the determinants of domestic savings mobilization among the rural poor in Uasin-Gishu county, Kenya. The general notion is that the subsistence farmers are too poor to save. This seems to be unfounded given the fact that they are general excluded from formal financial services and studies on poverty in the country show that the average propensity of the rural households to save is higher than the national average. What are the factors which motivate small scale farmers to save? The study was conducted on 446 table banking groups under the aegis of JOYWO, a table banking grouping in Kenya. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from members of groups under the umbrella of JOYWO. The findings of the study indicates that household income had a positive and significant effect on savings mobilization while dependency ratio had a negative and significant effect on savings mobilization. Household size was not significant. The results point to the need to expose the rural poor to informal savings and financing models expected to enhance income generating capabilities of the rural poor and lower the level dependency through government welfare funding for senior citizens and essential services for the young.

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