scholarly journals High-rise construction in historical cities through the example of Saint Petersburg

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Granstrem ◽  
Milena Zolotareva ◽  
Tatyana Slavina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Old City ◽  
In The Beginning

The article sets forth results of the landscape visual analysis of the interaction of high-rise construction facilities with the environment of historical urban spaces. A toxic connection of high-rise construction facilities with the established urban landscape was analyzed and recorded. One of the latest stages of the reconstruction of historical cities, which penetrated many European countries at the end of the 20th century, also started in the beginning of the 21st century in Russia, where the reconstruction of historical facilities and territories became one of the leading trends of architectural activity. Therefore, problems of the interaction between the old city and new high-rise construction nearby historical centers are extremely relevant for Russian architects. Specific features of Russian high-rise construction within visual borders of historical cities, developed at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, repeat past urban-planning mistakes spread in Europe in the second half of the 20th century. High-rise construction in close proximity to historical centers of cities violates an established scale and destroys a historical city silhouette.

scholarly journals STRATEGY OF PROTECTING THE SILHOUETTE OF A HISTORICAL CITY: THE CASE OF SAINT-PETERSBURG

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
A. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
City Core ◽  
The City

The silhouette of buildings determines the identity of city panoramas and views, being one of the most striking features of the visual image of the urban landscape. Reconstruction of buildings, as well as new construction on the territory of city core contributes to the transformation of the urban image, leads to the creation of new high-rise, spatial and compositional relationships of elements. In the context of changes in the urban planning context, the silhouette is one of the most vulnerable characteristics of urban views and panoramas. The historical center of Saint Petersburg is a unique example of a complete historical and urban planning environment. The outstanding historical and cultural value of this site is the basis for the inclusion of the city core and suburbs of St. Petersburg in the list of UNESCO world heritage sites. Urban views and panoramas, their silhouette organization are an expression of the value characteristics of the world heritage site. In terms of urban development, the visual image and silhouette of the city are significantly affected. Based on the analysis of tools for the protection of views and panoramas of the historical urban landscape, the experience of preserving panoramas in St. Petersburg, the article identifies ways to improve legislation in the field of preserving and managing changes in the historical environment. A model for analyzing silhouette compositions, urban views and panoramas has been developed, and a system of criteria for evaluating them has been proposed based on the methodology of landscape-visual analysis. Taking into account the need to preserve value characteristics, recommendations to protect the visual image and silhouette of the city that conform the goals of sustainable development have been developed.

scholarly journals High-rise construction in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration in 1703–1950s

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Nadezhda Akulova ◽  
Severina Kurakina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
City Development ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The City

Regularities of high-rise construction (implemented projects and developments) in Saint Petersburg and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration since the foundation of the city in 1703 till the 1950s are considered. Based on these regularities, a single spatially developed system of vertical dominants is formed. High-rise construction in the city and its suburbs started in the 1710s and continues up to the present time. In the considered decades (1703–1950s), high-rise construction mostly performed urban-planning functions (with vertical and symbolic dominants), relying on patterns of the visual perception of man-made landscapes under development. Since the 1710s, the construction of vertical dominants (mainly temples, spires of towers, lighthouses, etc.) of five ranks (depending on the altitude range and in relation to the background development) was conducted in territories of the entire agglomeration. These dominants were arranged in landscapes of the city and suburbs with almost mathematically precise accuracy and according to special regulations. Such dominants obtained particular descriptive and silhouette characteristics in accordance with the conditions of spatial perception. In some periods of city development, attempts were made to create monuments (symbolic dominants) of specific height and include those in the spatial system of high-rise dominants as significant elements of the city silhouette.

scholarly journals Conformity of pre-design studies on Lakhta-Center influence on the Saint Petersburg historical panorama and scenery spots

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Oleg Fedorov ◽  
Yury Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
International Council ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Regional Committee ◽  
The City ◽  
Main City

The present study is aimed to identify influence of Lakhta-Center visibility by means of photofixation results' analysis and their comparison with the results of the landscape and visual analysis performed by the Saint Petersburg Regional Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sights (ICOMOS), report on research of Lakhta-Center high-rise dominant visibility influence on Saint Petersburg protected panoramas (2012), and assessment analysis of requested deviations' influence on formation of compositional and environmental characteristics of the urban environment based on a 3D reference model of the Saint Petersburg territory (2011). The study is supported by actual photos of cityscapes, thus, allowing assessing the situation reasonably and rationally. The performed work resulted in graphic materials, including photos and maps with reviews and classification of Lakhta-Center visibility upon perception of the main city panoramas from the tourist route combining the most popular sights of the city.

scholarly journals Evolution of high-rise construction in Leningrad – Saint Petersburg in the middle of the 20th – Early 21st centuries: projects and Implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Andrey Vaytens ◽  
Gennadiy Rusanov ◽  
Pavel Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Post Soviet Period

One of the most important issues in national urban planning is arrangement of high-rise buildings in the largest cities of Russia. This issue becomes especially acute in such cities as Saint Petersburg, which has unique architectural and urban-planning heritage preserved to a great extent. In this regard, it seems important to trace the evolution of high-rise construction development and arrangement in Leningrad – Saint Petersburg in the middle of the 20th — early 21st centuries. The goal of the article is to consider high-rise construction development regarding both public and residential buildings in comparison of project ideas and results of their implementation in the 1940s–2000s. Prerequisites and issues of high-rise construction of that period are considered. Particular attention is paid to changes in the official urban-planning policy, regulatory framework and attitude of city authorities to high-rise construction. The study was carried out with the consideration of the following historic periods differing in their urban-planning policy: the late 1940s–1950s; 1960s; 1970–1980s; 1990s; 2000s–2010s. Economical prerequisites of high-rise construction and their influence on the modern urban-planning policy during the post-Soviet period are considered. In conclusion, an attempt is made to determine tendencies of high-rise construction development in Saint Petersburg.

METHODS OF RENOVATION OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH LANDSCAPE RECULTIVATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROSTOV REGION)

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Oksana Sadkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Planning Methods

One of major factors of deterioration in a microclimate of urban development in the conditions of the Rostov region, is degradation of landscapes owing to violation of water balance of the territory. In article the main reasons for violation of water balance which included natural features of the region, a consequence of anthropogenic influence, climatic changes, etc. are considered. Examples from the world practice of urban planning, which show the relevance and effectiveness of compensation for the effects of anthropogenic im-pacts and climate change using planning methods, are given. The experience of the United States, the Nether-lands, Canada and other countries that use water-saving technologies in planning is considered. The rela-tionship of urban planning and the formation of sustainable urban landscapes is shown. The integration of water-saving technologies into the urban environment can be a means of optimizing landscapes and a means of creating unique urban spaces. Reclamation of the urban landscape of low-rise buildings is a necessary step in creating a modern and comfortable urban environment in the conditions of the Rostov region. Meth-ods are proposed to compensate for negative changes in urban landscapes that can be applied at the stage of urban planning. As well as the proposed methods can be applied in the reconstruction of urban low-rise buildings. The considered methods concern not only urban landscapes, but also agricultural landscapes that surround small and medium-sized cities of the Rostov region. In article the author's concept of the organiza-tion of the low housing estate on a basis Urban- facies is submitted. Planning methods of regulation of water balance of the territory on the basis of models the ecological protective of landscapes are offered: an ecolog-ical core, an ecological corridor and an ecological barrier and also analogs from town-planning practice are considered. The reclamation of urban landscapes based on urban planning methods for regulating the water balance of the territory will allow creating unique urban spaces that are resistant to local climatic conditions and the possible consequences of climate change.

scholarly journals Study on the Urban Fringe Based on the Expansion–Shrinking Dynamic Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5718
Author(s):  
Changqing Sui ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Ecological Protection

The urban fringe, as a part of an urban spatial form, plays a considerably major role in urban expansion and shrinking. After decades of rapid development, Chinese cities have advanced from a simple expansion stage to an expansion–shrinking-coexistence stage. In urban shrinking and expansion, the urban fringe shows different characteristics and requirements for specific aspects such as urban planning, land use, urban landscape, ecological protection, and architectural form, thereby forming expanding and shrinking urban fringes. A comprehensive study of expanding and shrinking urban fringes and their patterns is theoretically significant for urban planning, land use, planning management, and ecological civilisation construction.

Obstacles on the Path to Urban Greatness: Competing Plans for the Creation of Greater Lviv (“Wielki Lwów”)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
Nadja Weck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Future ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The City

Like in many other provinces, during the Habsburg period, the main point of orientation for Galicia was Vienna. This also applies to architecture and urban development. Galicia’s technical elite applied the theoretical and practical experience it gathered in Vienna to the towns and cities of this northeastern Crown land. Ignacy Drexler, born in 1878 in the Austro-Hungarian Lemberg, was a representative of a new generation of engineers and architects who did not necessarily have to spend time in the imperial capital to earn their spurs. Increasingly, besides the more or less obligatory stay in Vienna, other European countries became points of reference. Drexler did not live to see the realization of important aspects of his comprehensive plan for the city, but his ideas and the data he compiled were indispensable for the future development of his hometown. They shape urban planning in Lviv to this day.

scholarly journals The visual-landscape analysis during the integration of high-rise buildings within the historic urban environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01044
Author(s):  
Vera A. Akristiniy ◽  
Elena A. Dikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Visual Landscape ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Information Database

The article is devoted to one of the types of urban planning studies - the visual-landscape analysis during the integration of high-rise buildings within the historic urban environment for the purposes of providing pre-design and design studies in terms of preserving the historical urban environment and the implementation of the reconstructional resource of the area. In the article formed and systematized the stages and methods of conducting the visual-landscape analysis taking into account the influence of high-rise buildings on objects of cultural heritage and valuable historical buildings of the city. Practical application of the visual-landscape analysis provides an opportunity to assess the influence of hypothetical location of high-rise buildings on the perception of a historically developed environment and optimal building parameters. The contents of the main stages in the conduct of the visual - landscape analysis and their key aspects, concerning the construction of predicted zones of visibility of the significant historically valuable urban development objects and hypothetically planned of the high-rise buildings are revealed. The obtained data are oriented to the successive development of the planning and typological structure of the city territory and preservation of the compositional influence of valuable fragments of the historical environment in the structure of the urban landscape. On their basis, an information database is formed to determine the permissible urban development parameters of the high-rise buildings for the preservation of the compositional integrity of the urban area.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Preferences for Visual Quality of Urban Landscape in Derak High-Rise Buildings (Shiraz)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Keshtkaran ◽  
Amin Habibi ◽  
Hamidreza Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Q Sort ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences ◽  
Psychophysical Approach

The purpose of this study is to extract the indices of Aesthetic preferences for visual quality of urban landscape in high-rise buildings which contribute designers to make better decisions for designing urban landscape. As the research focuses on the high-rise buildings, this study goal address the question as follows: ‘What are aesthetic preferences in high-rise buildings? How can these preferences be developed and categorized?’ To achieve this objective, the Derak district of Shiraz city was selected as a case study area using Photo grid method and then all high-rise buildings in this area were identified and analyzed. Aesthetic preferences data were evaluated by Q-SORT method with the psychophysical approach. Eventually, aesthetic factors have been presented in two main categories: 'primary and distinctive'. Findings lead to the development of APPD model which suggests that when the landscape design of a building moves toward distinctive factors, the degree of its aesthetic preferences increases.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN FEATURES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SAINT-PETERSBURG IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. GOLOVINA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Typical Solution ◽  
Main Construction

The paper presents a review of architectural and design techniques which were characteristic for residential development in the second half of the XVIII century in St. Petersburg. During that period, there was formed the urban planning, volumetric spatial and constructional structure of residential buildings, which later, in the XIX - early XX century, became a typical solution for residential development in St. Petersburg. The fi rewalled residential house was usually built along the perimeter of the possessory plot of land with an inner courtyard formed inside. The residential house consisted of a two-span front building and one-span side buildings located along the perimeter of the site. The constructional system of a residential building in the second half of the XVIII century was a vaulted-beam scheme along the longitudinal walls. The main construction structures are described, such as brick walls with subsequent fi nishing, strip stone footings based on wooden joists, roofs built on wooden batt er rafters in a cold att ic with no heating.

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