scholarly journals Possibilities of using solar energy in the processes of cooling external zones of people

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Ewelina Dec ◽  
Robert Sekret ◽  
Bożena Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Meteorological analyzes unambiguously indicate climate warming. An increase in average air temperatures is recorded in both winter and summer. In recent years, an increasing number of hot and very hot days are observed, and the duration of series of days with maximum daily temperature above 30°C is also longer. Occurrence of hot weather adversely affects the person staying outside. The ever-increasing requirements related to thermal comfort, enforce the provision of appropriate conditions not only in the rooms, but also in the external zones of people. Cooling the air in outdoor zones using standard air-conditioning systems can be expensive due to the high demand for electricity. Ensuring cooling through the use of renewable energy, such as solar energy, is a key solution to energy and environmental problems. In this article, the technical potential of solar radiation energy was determined based on data from the Rzeszow- Jasionka meteorological station and the possibilities of using solar energy in air cooling systems in external zones were presented.

scholarly journals Progressive Development and Challenges Faced by Solar Rotary Desiccant-Based Air-Conditioning Systems: A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
Ranjan Pratap Singh ◽  
Ranadip K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

A rotary desiccant-based air-conditioning system is a heat-driven hybrid system which combines different technologies such as desiccant dehumidification, evaporative cooling, refrigeration, and regeneration. This system has an opportunity to utilize low-grade thermal energy obtained from the sun or other sources. In this paper, the basic principles and recent research developments related to rotary desiccant-based cooling systems are recalled and their applications and importance are summarized. It is shown that with novel system configurations and new desiccant materials, there is great potential for improving the performance and consistency of rotary desiccant systems; at the same time, the use of solar energy for regeneration purposes can minimize the operating cost to a great extent. Some examples are presented to demonstrate how rotary desiccant air conditioning can be a promising solution for replacing traditional vapor-compression air-conditioning systems. Recent advances and ongoing research related to solar-powered hybrid rotary desiccant cooling systems are also summarized. The hybrid systems make use of a vapor-compression system in order to have better operational flexibility. These systems, although they consume electrical energy, use solar energy as the principal source of energy, and hence, significant savings of premium energy can be obtained compared to conventional vapor-compression systems. However, further research and development are required in order to realize the sustainable operation of solar rotary desiccant air-conditioning systems, as solar energy is not steady. Reductions in capital cost and size, along with improvements in efficiency and reliability of the system is still needed for it to become a player in the market of air conditioning.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF APPLYING DIFFERENT COOLANTS FOR COOLING SYSTEMS IN THE OFFICE BUILDING / SKIRTINGŲ ŠILUMNEŠIŲ VĖSINIMO SISTEMŲ TAIKYMO BIURŲ PASTATE ANALIZĖ

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Rasa Kanapienytė ◽  
Kęstutis Čiuprinskas
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The paper analyzes air conditioning systems of different coolants on the basis of an example of a typical office building. Depending on the type of a coolant fan coil unit, active chilled beams, variable refrigerant volumes and air cooling systems were designed. The article suggests hydraulic and aerodynamic calculations and evaluates initial investments, energy expenditures and operating costs of the compared systems. Considering economic calculations, the pay-back time of the systems was assessed and the sensitivity analysis of electricity prices was carried out. The results of the conducted investigation show the most appropriate analysed system for office buildings taking into account the efficient use of electricity and initial investments. Santrauka Tipinio administracinio pastato pavyzdžiu nagrinėjamos skirtingų šilumnešių vėsinimo sistemos. Atsižvelgiant į šilumnešio tipą suprojektuotos ventiliatorinių konvektorių, aktyviųjų šalčio sijų, freoninė ir orinė vėsinimo sistemos. Atlikti hidrauliniai ir aerodinaminiai skaičiavimai, įvertintos sistemų pradinės investicijos, apskaičiuotos energijos sąnaudos ir eksploatacijos išlaidos. Ekonominio skaičiavimo metu buvo įvertintas sistemų atsipirkimo laikas ir atlikta elektros kainų jautrumo analizė. Šio tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kokia sistema yra tinkama biurų pastatams pagal efektyvų elektros energijos naudojimą ir pradines investicijas.

Thermal Analysis of Low-Cost Dwellings in Mexico Using Greenroofs

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari´a G. Alpuche ◽  
Irene Marincic ◽  
Jose´ M. Ochoa ◽  
Hugo C. Moreno ◽  
Paloma Giottonini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Electricity Energy Consumption

According to the National Energy Balance (1), the electricity consumption in the residential and commercial sector represents thirty-three percent of the total consumed in the country. Most of the energy is consumed during the summer, when it is necessary to use air conditioning to maintain comfort conditions inside buildings. This aspect takes relevance in warm-dry climates, where a deficient design of building envelope and a wrong location of windows can increase the thermal loads producing an extra load to air conditioning systems and high costs by electricity energy consumption. For this reason, adequate design strategies and thermodynamic concepts have to be applied in order to make dwellings comfortable. Two dwellings are simulated and analyzed, the first one is made of regional materials like traditional concrete block walls, reinforced concrete roofs and economic finishes, the second one is proposed with a green roof and insulation in walls. The heat gains through the different constructive elements have been obtained, to analyze their impact on global thermal comfort and the electricity energy consumption of air cooling systems. Also, an exergy analysis has been applied to analyze exergy efficiency of air cooling systems and the influence that the building envelope can have in them with the proposed changes. The minimum exergy expenditure of air conditioning systems required to achieve comfort conditions inside dwellings could be a useful benchmark for the comparison of various dwelling designs.

ANALYSIS OF COMPETING VARIANTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS WITHOUT AIR EXTRACTION FROM ENGINES AT THE STAGE OF PASSENGER AIRCRAFT ONBOARD SYSTEMS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Denis Igorevich Smagin ◽  
Konstantin Igorevich Starostin ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Savelyev ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Satin ◽  
Anastasiya Romanovna Neveshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Research University ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

One of the ways to achieve safety and comfort is to improve on-board air conditioning systems.The use of air cooling machine determines the air pressure high level at the point of selection from the aircraft engine compressor. Because of the aircraft operation in different modes and especially in the modes of small gas engines, deliberately high stages of selection have to be used for ensuring proper operation of the refrigeration machine in the modes of the aircraft small gas engines. Into force of this, most modes of aircraft operation have to throttle the pressure of the selected stage of selection, which, together with the low efficiency of the air cycle cooling system, makes the currently used air conditioning systems energy inefficient.A key feature of the architecture without air extraction from the main engines compressors is the use of electric drive compressors as a source of compressed air.A comparative analysis of competing variants of on-board air conditioning system without air extraction from engines for longrange aircraft projects was performed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).The article deals with the main approaches to the decision-making process on the appearance of a promising aircraft on-board air conditioning system at the stage of its conceptual design and formulated the basic requirements for the structure of a complex criterion at different life cycle stages.The level of technical and technological risk, together with a larger installation weight, will require significant costs for development, testing, debugging and subsequent implementation, but at the same time on-board air conditioning system scheme without air extraction from the engines will achieve a significant increase in fuel efficiency at the level of the entire aircraft.

Thermal Performance Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded Flat Plate Heat Sink Using CFD Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 505-509
Author(s):  
A.K. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Cover Plate ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Friction Stir

In an era of compact cooling requirements, where air cooling systems seem to be ineffective and consistently, being replaced by liquid cooled systems, with greater watt density heat energy dissipation. Such cooling systems must work with good quality enabling high efficiency. Hence, an attempt is made to fabricate an aluminum alloy based flat plate heat sink with cover and base plate using friction stir welding. The base plate is machined to obtain channels for fluid flow and the cover plate is fitted in the base plate and welded. Two such configurations of these heat sinks were fabricated with varying channel lengths and number of channels. The flow characteristics of the model for these configurations were analyzed numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tool, ANSYS fluent 14.

Inlet Air Cooling Applied to Combined Cycle Power Plants: Influence of Site Climate and Thermal Storage Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Palestra ◽  
Giovanna Barigozzi ◽  
Antonio Perdichizzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cooling Systems

The paper presents the results of an investigation on inlet air cooling systems based on cool thermal storage, applied to combined cycle power plants. Such systems provide a significant increase of electric energy production in the peak hours; the charge of the cool thermal storage is performed instead during the night time. The inlet air cooling system also allows the plant to reduce power output dependence on ambient conditions. A 127MW combined cycle power plant operating in the Italian scenario is the object of this investigation. Two different technologies for cool thermal storage have been considered: ice harvester and stratified chilled water. To evaluate the performance of the combined cycle under different operating conditions, inlet cooling systems have been simulated with an in-house developed computational code. An economical analysis has been then performed. Different plant location sites have been considered, with the purpose to weigh up the influence of climatic conditions. Finally, a parametric analysis has been carried out in order to investigate how a variation of the thermal storage size affects the combined cycle performances and the investment profitability. It was found that both cool thermal storage technologies considered perform similarly in terms of gross extra production of energy. Despite this, the ice harvester shows higher parasitic load due to chillers consumptions. Warmer climates of the plant site resulted in a greater increase in the amount of operational hours than power output augmentation; investment profitability is different as well. Results of parametric analysis showed how important the size of inlet cooling storage may be for economical results.

scholarly journals Study on Outside Air Cooling Systems Used in Data Processing Facilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Yamaguchi ◽  
Makoto Koganei ◽  
Tomonobu Goto ◽  
Masataka Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems

The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mittal ◽  
KS Kasana ◽  
NS Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.

scholarly journals Calculation of Water Evaporative Cooling Systems in Animal Husbandry

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
N.N. Novikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Livestock Building ◽  
Air Exchange

A method for calculating the parameters of the microclimate in a livestock building using water-evaporative air conditioning is described. It makes it possible to choose a rational temperature and humidity conditions for a room in hot weather, calculate the required air exchange, water evaporation rate and select the appropriate equipment.

scholarly journals Performance of a bridge deck as solar collector in a thermal energy storage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 07009
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Gangqiang Kong ◽  
Hanlong Liu ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Hefu Pu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Heat Element

Solar energy can be stored in subsurface and extracted to melt snow and deice in winter. In summer, the bridge deck heat element in a bridge deicing system could serve as a solar energy collector without additional cost. Numerical models were developed in this study to investigate the performance of a bridge deck solar collector. The effects of radiation intensity and wind speed on the solar energy collection efficiency of a bridge deck solar energy collector were discussed and analyzed. The results show that the temperature of the slab was decreased during the solar collection process, and the solar energy collection efficiency of the bridge deck solar collector was about 26~47%. The collection efficiency of solar energy at a given wind speed was increased with the decreasing of the radiation energy, and this effect was more pronounced when the wind speed was higher. The solar energy collection was beneficial to the durability of the top asphalt layer as well as the structural response of the bridge because the magnitude and gradient of the slab temperature were much lower when the bridge deck served as a solar energy collector.

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