scholarly journals Brown coals of Far East – natural resource for multipurpose industrial processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Sorokin ◽  
Andrey Konyushok
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Far East ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Standard Facility ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Brown Coals

The analysis of the potential economic value of brown coals of the Far East of Russia is carried out when to use them as a complex chemical mineral resource. It was conducted assessment of industrial attractiveness to use coal combustion or coal chemical processing wastes as an additional source of gold, rare metals and rare earth elements. The Sergeevskoye brown coal deposit of the Zeya-Bureya Sedimentary Basin in the Amur Region was proposed as a potential standard facility for the construction of a coal-chemical processing plant to produce resin, montan wax, complex hydrocarbons with associated gold, rare metals and rare earth elements recovery.

scholarly journals Material efficiency: rare and critical metals

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1986) ◽  
pp. 20110563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert U. Ayres ◽  
Laura Talens Peiró
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Aluminium Copper ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Industrial Metals

In the last few decades, progress in electronics, especially, has resulted in important new uses for a number of geologically rare metals, some of which were mere curiosities in the past. Most of them are not mined for their own sake (gold, the platinum group metals and the rare Earth elements are exceptions) but are found mainly in the ores of the major industrial metals, such as aluminium, copper, zinc and nickel. We call these major metals ‘attractors’ and the rare accompanying metals ‘hitch-hikers’. The key implication is that rising prices do not necessarily call forth greater output because that would normally require greater output of the attractor metal. We trace the geological relationships and the functional uses of these metals. Some of these metals appear to be irreplaceable in the sense that there are no known substitutes for them in their current functional uses. Recycling is going to be increasingly important, notwithstanding a number of barriers.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Impact of Rare Earth Elements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Koltun ◽  
A. Tharumarajah
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Representative System

The diverse properties of rare earth elements have seen broad and growing applications in clean energy technologies, hybrid vehicles, pollution control, optics, refrigeration, and so on. This study presents a “cradle-to-gate” life cycle assessment of the energy use, resource depletion, and global warming potential resulting from the production of rare earth elements (REEs) using the Bayan Obo rare earth operation in Inner Mongolia, China, as a representative system. The study aggregates data from the literature, LCI databases, and reasonable estimations. A novel economic value-based allocation method for the multiple coproducts of the process is proposed. It is found that four of the high priced REEs scandium, europium, terbium, and dysprosium have very high GWPs from production relative to the rest. A mass-based allocation is also provided for comparison. Impacts on immediate local environment from waste streams that can be toxic are not included in this study.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI MINERAL IKUTAN TIMAH PADA ENDAPAN PRIMER, SEKUNDER, DAN TAILING DI BANGKA SELATAN DAN BELITUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 807-816
Author(s):  
Syafrizal Syafrizal ◽  
Ahmad FauSatyogroho Dian Amerthozi ◽  
Ichwan Azward ◽  
Teti Indriati ◽  
Amrita Oza Nabilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tin Metal

ABSTRAK Daerah Bangka Belitung termasuk dalam sabuk timah yang merupakan intrusi pluton granit. Selain merupakan pembawa logam timah, diketahui bahwa pada batuan granit juga merupakan batuan beku pembawa mineral-mineral Rare Earth Elements (REE) seperti monasit, dan xenotim. REE memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dan peran penting dalam perkembangan teknologi baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan kadar, mineralogi dan ukuran butir Mineral Ikutan Timah (MIT) pada endapan primer, sekunder, dan tailing di Bangka Selatan dan Belitung. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak (grab sampling) untuk sampel endapan aluvial, koluvial, tailing, serta konsentrat dan chip sampling untuk sampel endapan primer berbentuk batuan. Sampel dikeringkan menggunakan oven, kemudian direduksi menggunakan splitter hingga memperoleh volume sampel yang sesuai. Pengayakan sampel dilakukan menggunakan 5 (lima) fraksi yaitu #+48, #+65, #+100, #+150, dan #-150 untuk memperoleh keseragaman butir sampel. Metoda analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa radioaktif menggunakan scintillometer, mineral butir menggunakan metode grain counting, analisa mineragrafi dengan sayatan poles, serta analisa X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) berupa sampel bubuk. Kata kunci : Mineral Ikutan Timah,  Rare Earth Elements, Grain Counting, Monasit, Xenotim.   ABSTRACT The Bangka Belitung area is included in a tin belt which is an intrusion of granite pluton. Besides being a tin metal carrier, it is known that in granite rocks is also igneous rock carrying minerals Rare Earth Elements (REE) such as monasite, and xenotime. REE has high economic value and an important role in the development of new technologies. This study aims to determine the radioactive value, abundance of levels, mineralogy and size of associated tin minerals in primary, secondary and tailings deposits in South Bangka and Belitung. Sampling was carried out by grab sampling for alluvial, colluvial, tailing sediment samples, as well as concentrates and sampling chips for rock sediments. Sampling method by Random Sampling. The samples were dried using an oven, then reduced using a splitter to obtain the appropriate sample volume. Sifting the sample was carried out using 5 fractions namely #+48, #+65, #+100, #+150, and #-150 to obtain uniformity of sample items. Radioactive analysis using scintillometers, grain minerals using the grain counting method, mineragraphy analysis with polish incisions, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis in the form of powder samples.  Kata kunci : Mineral Ikutan Timah,  Rare Earth Elements, Grain Counting, Monasit, Xenotim.

SOME TRENDS OF THE WORLD REE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
A. A. Gasanov ◽  
A. V. Naumov ◽  
O. V. Yurasova ◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
T. E. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper presents a review of some trends observed on the world market of rare-earth elements (REE). This review takes into account actual changes in the commercial and industrial policy of China and the current trends of REE consumption. Main characteristics of the modern REE markets are considered. The paper provides an assessment of world production volumes, world trade and prices. The article describes the REE market behavior in 2000–2020 and provides a forecast of main indicators and prices up to 2020. It contains a description of current world REE resources, production and trade over the main countries. In addition, the prices and the main buyers of REE are specified indicating the forecast of consumption. The prospects of the Russian REE market are estimated taking into account the «Development of the Rare and Rare-Earth Elements Industry» subprogram implemented as part of the State Program of the Russian Federation «Industry Development and Competitiveness Improvement». The purpose of the subprogram is to create a competitive rare-earth industry of an integrated production cycle in the Russian Federation in order to satisfy the needs of the domestic defense industry complex, civil industries and enter the foreign markets. It is noted that this subprogram should be upgraded with regard to changes in the market conditions and development of rare-earth elements production in the Russian Federation including by means of statutory, non-tariff and technical regulation. Loparite and apatite will remain the main sources of rare-earth elements as raw materials for industrial processing in Russia in the near future, while REE production from apatite will increase. It is emphasized that the prospects of REE development in Russia consist not so much in increasing the primary production as in establishing new plants consuming rare-earth products.

scholarly journals Ocean-Floor Sediments as a Resource of Rare Earth Elements: An Overview of Recently Studied Sites

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Jelena Milinovic ◽  
Francisco J. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Fernando J. A. S. Barriga ◽  
Bramley J. Murton
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ree Distribution ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

The rare earth elements (REE), comprising 15 elements of the lanthanum series (La-Lu) together with yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), have become of particular interest because of their use, for example, in modern communications, renewable energy generation, and the electrification of transport. However, the security of supply of REE is considered to be at risk due to the limited number of sources, with dependence largely on one supplier that produced approximately 63% of all REE in 2019. As a result, there is a growing need to diversify supply. This has resulted in the drive to seek new resources elsewhere, and particularly on the deep-ocean floor. Here, we give a summary of REE distribution in minerals, versatile applications, and an update of their economic value. We present the most typical onshore methods for the determination of REE and examine methods for their offshore exploration in near real time. The motivation for this comes from recent studies over the past decade that showed ΣREE concentrations as high as 22,000 ppm in ocean-floor sediments in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean-floor sediments are evaluated in terms of their potential as resources of REE, while the likely economic cost and environmental impacts of deep-sea mining these are also considered.

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