scholarly journals Purification of model biogas from toluene using deep eutectic solvents

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Słupek ◽  
Patrycja Makoś ◽  
Jacek Gębicki ◽  
Andrzej Rogala
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Nitrogen Stream ◽  
High Absorption

Biogas from landfills and wastewater treatment facilities typically contain a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that can cause severe operational problems when biogas is used as fuel. Among the contaminants commonly occur aromatic compounds, i.e. benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX). In order to remove BTEX from biogas, different processes can be used. A promising process for VOCs removal is their absorption in deep eutectic solvents (DES). In this work, three DES: ([ChCl] U TEG [choline chloride]:urea:tetraethylene glycol (1:2:2), [ChCl] U [choline chloride]:urea (1:2), [ChCl] DEG [choline chloride]:diethylene glycol (1:2)) and water were tested to toluene absorption in concentration of 2000 ppm v/v in nitrogen stream. The results demonstrated the high absorption capacity of toluene using DES based on glycols.

scholarly journals Capture of Acidic Gases from Flue Gas by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shuhang Ren ◽  
Yucui Hou ◽  
Weize Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
High Absorption

Up to now, many kinds of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were investigated for the capture of acidic gases from flue gases. In this review, non-functionalized and functionalized DESs, including binary and ternary DESs, for SO2, CO2 and NO capture, are summarized based on the mechanism of absorption, physical interaction or chemical reaction. New strategies for improving the absorption capacity are introduced in this review. For example, a third component can be introduced to form a ternary DES to suppress the increase in viscosity and improve the CO2 absorption capacity. DESs, synthesized with halogen salt hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and functionalized hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), can be used for the absorption of SO2 and NO with high absorption capacities and low viscosities after absorption, due to physicochemical interaction between gases and DESs. Emphasis is given to introducing the absorption capacities of acidic gases in these DESs, the mechanism of the absorption, and the ways to enhance the absorption capacity.

scholarly journals Thermal Conductivities of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Mixtures with Water: Measurement and Estimation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3816
Author(s):  
Taleb H. Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad A. Sabri ◽  
Nabil Abdel Jabbar ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Farouq S. Mjalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Water Measurement ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The thermal conductivities of selected deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were determined using the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method over the temperature range from 295 K to 363 K at atmospheric pressure. The results were found to range from 0.198 W·m−1·K−1 to 0.250 W·m−1·K−1. Various empirical and thermodynamic correlations present in literature, including the group contribution method and mixing correlations, were used to model the thermal conductivities of these DES at different temperatures. The predictions of these correlations were compared and consolidated with the reported experimental values. In addition, the thermal conductivities of DES mixtures with water over a wide range of compositions at 298 K and atmospheric pressure were measured. The standard uncertainty in thermal conductivity was estimated to be less than ± 0.001 W·m−1·K−1 and ± 0.05 K in temperature. The results indicated that DES have significant potential for use as heat transfer fluids.

Applications and limitations of ADM 1 in municipal wastewater solids treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Johnson ◽  
Y. Shang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Metal Phosphate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Chemical Equilibria ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Inorganic Reactions

The ADM 1 model has been implemented in a steady-state whole wastewater plant simulator. The ADM 1 model has been in use with good success for approximately 2 years on a wide range of wastewater treatment facilities. However, a number of modifications were necessary to allow it to be used in the context of municipal wastewater treatment. It was found that the model's use was greatly simplified if used in conjunction with a larger plant simulator to assist in the feed fractionation. It was also found that a better fit to actual operating data was achieved if some of the slowly biodegradable particulate fraction was partitioned into ADM particulate fractions other than the composite fraction. Another significant limitation of the model is in the absence of phosphorus modeling. The ADM model needs to have phosphorus handling for all the relevant fractions, and needs to include the handling of inorganic reactions such as struvite precipitation and metal phosphate/metal hydroxide precipitation. Activity effects on chemical equilibria are significant when considering phosphorus. Also of importance in wastewater treatment is the fate of sulfur compounds. This includes the generation of H2S in the digester gas and the fate of the sulfur species in the digested sludge (as a predictor of odour-generating potential).

scholarly journals Review on Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Choline Chloride/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima J. Isaifan ◽  
Abdukarem Amhamed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Donor ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor

In the recent past few years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed sharing similar characteristics to ionic liquids but with more advantageous features related to preparation cost, environmental impact, and efficiency for gas separation processes. Amongst many combinations of DES solvents that have been prepared, reline (choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with urea as the hydrogen bond donor) was the first DES synthesized and is still the one with the lowest melting point. Choline chloride/urea DES has proven to be a promising solvent as an efficient medium for carbon dioxide capture when compared with amine alone or ionic liquids under the same conditions. This review sheds light on the preparation method, physical and chemical characteristics, and the CO2 absorption capacity of choline chloride/urea DES under different temperatures and pressures reported up to date.

The Use of ASM based Models for the Simulation of Biological Sludge Reduction Processes

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Johnson ◽  
Glen T. Daigger ◽  
John T. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Decay Product ◽  
Sludge Reduction ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
And Performance

The advent of sludge reduction technologies that are capable of significantly reducing sludge production from wastewater treatment facilities has garnered much interest from the wastewater treatment profession. As part of CH2M HILL's effort to better understand the mechanisms behind these processes, a research effort was completed that was focused on developing an ASM based model which adequately reflects the performance of the Cannibal® Sludge Reduction process by Siemens. A modification is proposed of the standard ASM 2d model to capture the effects of biological sludge reduction used in the Cannibal Solids Reduction process. This model is able to capture the essential aspects of this system and provides a more quantitative method for the sizing and performance of these types of systems. The primary components of this modification include separation of the microbiological decay products from the traditional particulate inert fraction, and into a separate particulate decay product for aerobic/anoxic microbes (XDAA). A new process rate is included in the model for anaerobic “hydrolysis” of XDAA to XS. The results were compared against the experience of Siemens on a wide range conditions. The results indicate that this model predicts operating characteristics of the Cannibal process with a reasonable level of accuracy.

scholarly journals New Carvone-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Siloxanes Capture from Biogas

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9551
Author(s):  
Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska ◽  
Edyta Słupek ◽  
Aleksandra Kramarz ◽  
Jacek Gębicki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Physical Absorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
High Absorption

During biogas combustion, siloxanes form deposits of SiO2 on engine components, thus shortening the lifespan of the installation. Therefore, the development of new methods for the purification of biogas is receiving increasing attention. One of the most effective methods is physical absorption with the use of appropriate solvents. According to the principles of green engineering, solvents should be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a high absorption capacity. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) possess such characteristics. In the literature, due to the very large number of DES combinations, conductor-like screening models for real solvents (COSMO-RS), based on the comparison of siloxane activity coefficient of 90 DESs of various types, were studied. DESs, which have the highest affinity to siloxanes, were synthesized. The most important physicochemical properties of DESs were carefully studied. In order to explain of the mechanism of DES formation, and the interaction between DES and siloxanes, the theoretical studies based on σ-profiles, and experimental studies including the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectra, were applied. The obtained results indicated that the new DESs, which were composed of carvone and carboxylic acids, were characterized by the highest affinity to siloxanes. It was shown that the hydrogen bonds between the active ketone group (=O) and the carboxyl group (-COOH) determined the formation of stable DESs with a melting point much lower than those of the individual components. On the other hand, non-bonded interactions mainly determined the effective capture of siloxanes with DES.

scholarly journals Absorptive Desulfurization of Model Biogas Stream Using Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Słupek ◽  
Patrycja Makoś
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor

The paper presents a synthesis of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol (Ph), glycol ethylene (EG), and levulinic acid (Lev) as hydrogen bond donors in 1:2 molar ratio. DESs were successfully used as absorption solvents for removal of dimethyl disulfide from (DMDS) from model biogas steam. Several parameters affecting the absorption capacity and absorption rate has been optimized including kind of DES, temperature, the volume of absorbent, model biogas flow rate, and initial concentration of DMDS. Furthermore, reusability and regeneration of DESs by means of adsorption and nitrogen barbotage followed by the mechanism of absorptive desulfurization by means of density functional theory (DFT) as well as FT-IR analysis were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the most promising DES for biogas purification is ChCl:Ph, due to high absorption capacity, relatively long absorption rate, and easy regeneration. The research on the absorption mechanism revealed that van der Waal interaction is the main driving force for DMDS removal from model biogas.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of CO2 Absorption and Desorption by Choline-Chloride/Levulinic-Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5595
Author(s):  
Mohaned Aboshatta ◽  
Vitor Magueijo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor ◽  
Different Temperatures

Amine absorption (or amine scrubbing) is currently the most established method for CO2 capture; however, it has environmental shortcomings and is energy-intensive. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an interesting alternative to conventional amines. Due to their biodegradability, lower toxicity and lower prices, DESs are considered to be “more benign” absorbents for CO2 capture than ionic liquids. In this work, the CO2 absorption capacity of choline-chloride/levulinic-acid-based (ChCl:LvAc) DESs was measured at different temperatures, pressures and stirring speeds using a vapour–liquid equilibrium rig. DES regeneration was performed using a heat treatment method. The DES compositions studied had ChCl:LvAc molar ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 and water contents of 0, 2.5 and 5 mol%. The experimental results showed that the CO2 absorption capacity of the ChCl:LvAc DESs is strongly affected by the operating pressure and stirring speed, moderately affected by the temperature and minimally affected by the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA):hydrogen bond donator (HBD) molar ratio as well as water content. Thermodynamic properties for CO2 absorption were calculated from the experimental data. The regeneration of the DESs was performed at different temperatures, with the optimal regeneration temperature estimated to be 80 °C. The DESs exhibited good recyclability and moderate CO2/N2 selectivity.

scholarly journals Wastewater deodorization: problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042064
Author(s):  
E Glushchenko ◽  
A Kadyseva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Indian American ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Sludge Thickening

Abstract The problem of specific malodours odorants, emitted from the territory of wastewater and sludge treatment facilities is set in the article. This article presents a critical review concerning the reasons of odorants formation during wastewater treatment, their influence on human health and ways of wastewater and sludge deodorization. Review is presented by 52 resources of Russian, Chinese, Italian, Greek, Indian, American and other researches from 2000 to 2021 years. According to the review the main sources of odours emission are units of mechanical treatment, sludge thickening and sludge digestion. The main odorants are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, particulate matters and greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide). Based on the article, there are two ways of emission controlling: controlling the technological parameters of wastewater treatment process or gases treatment at specific facilities (adsorbers, biofilters, bioscrubbers, chemical scrubbers).

scholarly journals Encapsulation of β-Carotene by Emulsion Electrospraying Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozan Basar ◽  
Cristina Prieto ◽  
Erwann Durand ◽  
Pierre Villeneuve ◽  
Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Solubilized Form ◽  
Β Carotene

The encapsulation β-carotene in whey protein concentrate (WPC) capsules through the emulsion electrospraying technique was studied, using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as solvents. These novel solvents are characterized by negligible volatility, a liquid state far below 0 °C, a broad range of polarity, high solubilization power strength for a wide range of compounds, especially poorly water-soluble compounds, high extraction ability, and high stabilization ability for some natural products. Four DES formulations were used, based on mixtures of choline chloride with water, propanediol, glucose, glycerol, or butanediol. β-Carotene was successfully encapsulated in a solubilized form within WPC capsules; as a DES formulation with choline chloride and butanediol, the formulation produced capsules with the highest carotenoid loading capacity. SEM micrographs demonstrated that round and smooth capsules with sizes around 2 µm were obtained. ATR-FTIR results showed the presence of DES in the WPC capsules, which indirectly anticipated the presence of β-carotene in the WPC capsules. Stability against photo-oxidation studies confirmed the expected presence of the bioactive and revealed that solubilized β-carotene loaded WPC capsules presented excellent photo-oxidation stability compared with free β-carotene. The capsules developed here clearly show the significant potential of the combination of DES and electrospraying for the encapsulation and stabilization of highly insoluble bioactive compounds.

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