scholarly journals Determination of the true water content, the nature of the impurities and their concentration in transformer oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
I.D. Gizzatova ◽  
V.K. Kozlov ◽  
D.M. Valiullina
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insulating Properties

During the operation of transformers, the insulating oil is aging, therefore, there is the deterioration of its insulating properties, which is determined by multiple physico-chemical processes. The most dangerous factor, from the point of view of preserving the operational reliability and resource of a power transformer, is the moisture content of the insulation. Most methods for determining moisture content have measurement errors. These errors are largely dependent on impurities that are contained in the oil. The modified Fisher method proposed in the article allows determining the amount of impurities in the oil and the absolute moisture content. Conducted research allows also to determine the composition of impurities, to reveal the relationship between impurities and some parameters of transformer oil.

scholarly journals Determination of Moisture Content of Insulating Oils by CoCl2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kozlov ◽  
◽  
Olga Turanova ◽  
Olga Kurakina ◽  
Alexander Turanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Transformer Oils ◽  
The Relationship

Moisture content is one of the parameters of transformer oil that determine its quality. This parameter is one of the most critical, which is closely monitored. During the operation of transformer oil in the power equipment of electric power systems, about 10 grams of water per ton of oil is allowed, i.e. the permissible proportion of water is 10 ppm (ppm). The aim of the work is to develop a new method for determining the permissible proportion of water in transformer oil in small quantities. This goal is achieved by performing spectral studies of transformer oil samples in the UV and visible range with the addition of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) powder. Сobalt (II) chloride has the ability to change its color depending on the amount of water of crystallization. The most significant result of the article is the conclusion, obtained on the basis of the recorded spectra, about the relationship between the optical density of the spectrum in the range of 360-490 nm and the moisture content of transformer oil when adding cobalt chloride powder. The significance of the results obtained is that the authors have proposed a new optical method for determining small values of the proportion of water in transformer oils, based on the dependence of the optical properties of cobalt (II) chloride on moisture content.This method has a very high sensitivity, low cost for determining the proportion of water and is very promising for solving problems of power energy.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Technology Acceptance and Usage Situations and the Evaluation of Web Pedagogic Content Knowledge in Terms of Different Variations and the Determination of the Relationship between These

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Agah Tugrul KORUCU
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Content Knowledge ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this study is to analyze the situations of teachers’ technology acceptance and usage (TAU) and web pedagogy content knowledge (WPACK) in terms of different variations and to determine of the relationship between these two. The study group of this research consists of 96 teachers in total having different variations such as different branches, different professional seniorities, different ages and different educational levels they work in. Data collection tools comprising of 3 open-ended questions which are developed and structured by researchers and two different scales measuring technology acceptance and usage and web pedagogical content knowledge are utilized in this study. The scales and structured forms are applied through random sampling with screening model. In the results of the research, teachers’ technology acceptance and usage situations, web pedagogical content knowledge situations and their sexes and web 2.0 technologies usage situations don’t differ in terms of the dimensions and the entirety of the scales. The following are established according to the results; there are differences among teachers’ TAU situations, there aren’t any differences among their WPACK in terms of their branches; there aren’t any differences among their TAU situations and there are differences among their WPACK situations in terms of their ages; TAU and WPACK situations are not reasonable statistically in terms of their professional seniorities and educational levels they work in. Furthermore, it is also determined that web applications usage durations are not reasonable in terms of their TAU situations but they are reasonable in terms of WPACK. The answers which teachers provided towards open-ended questions are established to be categorized as education, technology, interaction, visuality, source and development. Additionally, it is settled that there is a low correlation between TAU and WPACK situations but it is possible to form a model between them. From the point of view of the findings of this study, it is suggested that knowledge and information regarding technology integration is provided experimentally to teachers in in-service seminars.

Physical landscapes in biological membranes: physico–chemical terrains for spatio–temporal control of biomolecular interactions and behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1827) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Biomolecular Interactions ◽  
Membrane Dipole Potential ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Detection Technologies

The evolving complexities of biological membranes are discussed from the point of view of potential roles of the physical constitution of the membrane. These include features of the surface and dipole potentials and membrane ‘rafts’. These properties are outlined; they emphasize that protein–lipid and specific lipid environments are influential parameters in how biomolecular interactions may take place with and within membranes. Several fluorescence detection technologies directed towards measurement of these properties are also outlined that permit high–resolution experimental determination of intermolecular interactions with membranes by measuring small changes of these potentials. These point to the possibility that the membrane dipole potential in particular is enormously influential in determining the behaviour of receptor and signalling systems within membrane rafts, and offers the means of a novel mechanism for biological control.

scholarly journals Syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier in New Testament Greek

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé ◽  
Jacobus A. Naudé
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Universal Quantification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In linguistic terms, a quantifier is an item that appears with a noun to specify the number or amount of referents indicated by the noun. In English, various kinds of quantification are lexically differentiated—universal quantification (all), distributive quantification (each), and universal-distributive (every). In Greek, however, quantification is conveyed syntactically using primarily one lexical item, namely πᾶς. In this article, we examine the syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier from a linguistic point of view with attention to the determination of the noun (articular versus anarthrous), the number of the noun (singular versus plural) and the phrasal word order. We also examine the phenomenon of ‘floating’ quantification in which the quantifier moves to a new position in the noun phrase. Finally, we compare the patterns found in New Testament Greek with those of the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible in order to determine the extent and type of Semitic interference with respect to quantification in New Testament Greek grammar.Contribution: The syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier are identified and the semantic import of each pattern is described. The relationship of πᾶς to the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible shows evidence of Semitic interference in New Testament Greek grammar.

A single point NMR method for an instantaneous determination of the moisture content of wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maks Merela ◽  
Primož Oven ◽  
Igor Serša ◽  
Urša Mikac
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
Free Induction ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) enables an instantaneous determination of the proton density in liquids and is thus convenient for determining the moisture content (MC) of wood. We demonstrated that the MC of a wood sample can be determined instantaneously on the basis of its mass (m) and the amplitude of its NMR free-induction-decay (FID) signal. The measurement is based on the assumption that the only liquid in the wood is water and that the relationship between the amplitude of the FID signal (S) and the mass of the water (m w ) in the sample is linear, i.e., S=k m w +k′ (m-m w ), and can be precisely calibrated for a given NMR probe and NMR spectrometer setup (in our case k=105 AU g-1 and k/k′ =34). With the FID signal converted into the mass of water, the MC is calculated as: MC=(S-m k′)/(m k-S). After the initial calibration of the FID signal with respect to the content of water, the correctness of the method was verified on samples of different wood species with various MCs. The results confirmed that the proposed method is comparable in terms of accuracy and reliability to the gravimetric method, regardless of the species of wood. As the method is instantaneous, it might become the method of choice in applications where a short measurement time combined with a high accuracy is demanded.

Experiments on the Determination of the Activity of Carbon Black by Its Power of Adsorbing Carbon Tetrachloride Vapor

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
T. Patryn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Abstract On the basis that a material like carbon black must, because of its very high ratio of surface area to volume, possess very high adsorptive capacity, several investigators have attempted to establish the relationship between the adsorptive capacity of carbon black and its activity in rubber. Spear and Moore used aqueous solutions of malachite green, Victoria blue and hexamethylenetetramine; Beaver and Keller used iodine in aqueous potassium iodide; Goodwin and Park used iodine in carbon tetrachloride and also an aqueous solution of methylene blue; Carson and Sebrell used iodine, benzoic acid, mercaptobenzothiazole and diphenylguanidine. All these workers tested various types of carbon black. If one examines critically the data of these several investigators from the point of view of the relation between the adsorptive capacity of a carbon black and its activity in rubber, it will be evident that the investigations do not lead to any reliable method whereby the behavior of carbon black in rubber can be judged by its adsorptive capacity.

The determination of the number of bacteria in soil. (Preliminary communication)

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Whittles
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
Calcium Compounds ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Experiment

1. The usual shaking methods have been examined and found unsatisfactory.2. A method has been evolved for the estimation of the number of soil organisms by a direct count, and the numbers found to be very much higher than any previously reported.3. A method for the disintegration and dispersion of the soil particles and bacteria has been devised, by means of which plate counts were made which were comparable with direct counts.4. The dispersive actions of shaking and of vibrating have been compared. The former was found to give results which depended on the moisture content of the soil, whereas the trembling motion gave results in which the effect due to the moisture content was not apparent.5. High counts made by previous observers can usually be correlated with one or more of the following factors:(i) Greater dispersion of the soil as a result of the action of frost, etc.(ii) An alkaline reaction,e.g.presence of ammonia, magnesia, etc.(iii) Presence of a protective colloid,e.g.the effect of the addition of large quantities of straw, or traces of gelatine.(iv) Absence of a flocculating agent, especially calcium compounds.In conclusion the author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr G. S. Graham-Smith, F.R.S. at whose suggestion the investigation was started and under whose guidance and direction the bacteriological work was carried out in the Pathological Laboratory, Medical Schools, Cambridge; to Professor T. B. Wood, C.B.E., M.A., F.I.C., F.R.S., for facilities for carrying out the physico-chemical investigation at the School of Agriculture; to Messrs L. F. Newman, M.A., F.I.C., W. B. Hardy, M.A., F.R.S., W. H. Harvey, M.D., E. K. Rideal, M.B.E., M.A., G. Udny Yule, M.A., F.R.S., F. W. Foreman, M.A., F.I.C., and to the late Professor Sir German Sims Woodhead for their kindly advice and encouragement; to Messrs E. G. Staples, B.A., W. M. Davies, B.A., B.Sc, A.I.C. and A. W. R. Joachim, B.Sc. for assistance in the execution of the physico-chemical experiment; and to Mr W. A. Mitchell of the Medical School for his assistance in fitting up apparatus.

scholarly journals Determination of Physico-chemical properties of selected tropical timbers in Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C NWANISOBI ◽  
C. EJIKEME EZECHI ◽  
C. U OKEKE
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Porosity Index

The analyses on chemical properties of some tropical timbers have been studied. The physical properties of these timbers varied in the pH(4.26 – 6.85) , moisture content(13%-37%), specific gravity(0.16-0.45), charring temperature (61 – 116o C)and porosity index(1.17-2.08%).Also the solubility behaviors of these timbers were mostly insoluble in hot and cold water, NaOH and ethanol and slightly soluble in concentrated HCl and H2SO4 respectively. The Qualitative results show heavy presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannis, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids in some of the timbers.Quantitative determinations were carried out and results show that the woods contain chemical constituents which are useful to both humans and industries.

scholarly journals Modelling and Determination of Physico-Chemical and Morphological Properties of Microencapsulated Red Amaranth Powder

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pik Han Chong ◽  
Mohammad Gulzarul Aziz ◽  
Yus Aniza Yusof ◽  
Naim Mohammad Nazli ◽  
Nyuk Ling Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Spray Dried

Amaranth betacyanin, responsible for a red or violet colour, is extracted from Amaranthus gangeticus by using the water extraction method and microencapsulated by spray drying. The physicochemical and morphological properties of microencapsulated betacyanins are assessed as inƀuenced by the inlet temperature and the maltodextrin concentration. The process was conducted using a mini spray dryer and maltodextrin is used as an encapsulating agent. Central composite design is applied and thirteen experiments are carried out. The responses are betacyanin retention, moisture content, water activity, particle densities, particle size, colour values and antioxidant activity. The quadratic effect of the inlet temperature is determined to be positive on betacyanin retention whereas the antioxidant is affected by the linear change of maltodextrin concentration. The moisture content and water activity of spray-dried betacyanin powders are insignißcantly affected by inlet temperature and maltodextrin concentration individually. Only the effect maltodextrin concentration is found to have a signißcant effect on colour value.Particle densities and sizes are slightly affected by the process conditions studied.

scholarly journals A Multi-Attribute Assisted Performance Deduction and Related Value in Triple Helix Innovation Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Honxing Yao ◽  
Henry Asante Antwi ◽  
Evans Takyi Ankomah-Asare
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
The Relationship

Typically, Triple Helix relations, between, Higher Education Institutions, Governments and Industry(s) are inferred from patents and research output. Systemic determination of the relationship is because of observations over a period. It is, however, possible to analyze this relation from a system present from the word-go. This then allows for the interaction to be analyzed on the basis of performance and logically gains for participation by all the agents. Several models have been proposed to deduce the Triple Helix Relation and these hold. This paper has however introduced a new dimension to the analysis, by viewing participation from an investor point of view with decision making being of a complex and deductive nature based on the performance of higher education systems or institutions. The TOPSIS supported performance deductions helps synthesis decision solutions that facilitates value determination of performance and its resultant impact on investment gains. Possible future implications for this, are also provided

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