Balancing fittings in a water heating system

Energy conservation and improving energy efficiency are priority areas for the development of the global economy. The need to increase the energy efficiency of the engineering equipment of buildings is due to both the requirements to reduce the energy consumption of buildings in general, and the increase in the proportion of energy-consuming climate systems used in modern construction. In large modern office, hotel and residential complexes to achieve the greatest energy efficiency it is necessary to use various technical solutions. The main element of an energy-efficient heating system is regulation. Balancing devices allow to not only balance and tune the system at any time of operational period but also serve as stop valves during reparation and diagnostics. Determination of energy savings bases on the average value heat consumption before and after modernization, depending on the type of installed valves or their combination. The focus of the work is hydraulic calculation of the heating system the authors conduct research on the effect of differently balancing fittings on the hydraulics of the heating system.

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Real-World Implementation of an ICT-Based Platform to Promote Energy Efficiency

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2416

Author(s):

Marina Dorokhova ◽

Fernando Ribeiro ◽

António Barbosa ◽

João Viana ◽

Filipe Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Real World ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Flexible Devices ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control

The energy efficiency requirements of most energy-consuming sectors have increased recently in response to climate change. For buildings, this means targeting both facility managers and building users with the aim of identifying potential energy savings and encouraging more energy-responsible behaviors. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform developed in Horizon 2020 FEEdBACk project intends to fulfill these goals by enabling the optimization of energy consumption, generation, and storage and control of flexible devices without compromising comfort levels and indoor air quality parameters. This work aims to demonstrate the real-world implementation and functionality of the ICT platform composed of Load Disaggregation, Net Load Forecast, Occupancy Forecast, Automation Manager, and Behavior Predictor applications. Particularly, the results obtained by individual applications during the test phase are presented alongside the specific metrics used to evaluate their performance.

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Smart heating panels to increase thermal comfort and efficiency

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-208003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (s1) ◽

pp. S29-S35

Author(s):

Damian Backes ◽

Marten Trenktrog ◽

Lutz Eckstein

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Heating System ◽

High Energy ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Fast Time ◽

Body Regions ◽

Driving Range ◽

High Energy Efficiency

BACKGROUND: The increasing electrification poses new challenges with respect to thermal comfort in vehicle passenger cabins. While conventional air heating with electric heaters is technically possible, it causes significant reductions in the electric driving range. OBJECTIVE: Two contradicting objectives are to be achieved: Fast heat up to provide thermal comfort and high energy efficiency to maximize the driving range under all conditions. METHODS: This apparent area of conflict can be eased by the usage of low temperature radiation reducing the energy intensive heat up of the cabin air. In order to provide high energy efficiency, the emitted radiation should mostly be directed towards relevant body regions of the passengers, resulting in the necessity to redesign the passenger cabin. RESULTS: A novel approach to redesign and optimize the dashboard and a resulting radiation heating system are presented. In order to reduce computational effort of such an optimization, the complex three-dimensional geometry is sliced into simplified two-dimensional regions which are considered individually. The resulting heating system has been manufactured and integrated into a class A vehicle. Objective thermal comfort measurements as well as subjective comfort ratings have been conducted to validate the simulative approach and the resulting energy savings of approximately 30 %. CONCLUSIONS: The developed approach to achieve a fast time to comfort as well as an increased energy efficiency shows promising results as the heating system based on it cuts performs well considering objective and subjective measurements.

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Energy Savings after Comprehensive Renovations of the Building: A Case Study in the United Kingdom and Italy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6460

Author(s):

Olman Araya Mejías ◽

Cristina Montalvo ◽

Agustín García-Berrocal ◽

María Cubillo ◽

Daniel Gordaliza

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Energy Data ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Before And After ◽

Energy Consumption Patterns

The housing sector is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. There is an urgent need to renovate the housing stock of existing buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly calculate the energy savings that can be obtained in a renovation project. The correct collection of energy data, the main variables that affect consumption, and people’s usage habits are fundamental elements to quantify the success or consequences that occur in an energy efficiency project. This research study quantifies the results of the energy savings of the European project DREEAM (District Scale Renovation for Energy Efficiency and Market Uptake). This article aims to facilitate the calculation of energy savings with mathematical linear regression models in two different climatic zones in Europe. Furthermore, it aims to improve the calculation of energy savings with mathematical models based on energy data and variables that affect consumption before and after renovations. The variables used for the calculation are hours of use, degree days, and reading days. Tenant behavior has been found to play an important role in actual measured savings. Additionally, the energy consumption patterns of the tenants are different after the renovations.

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Energy Efficient Approaches by Retrofitting Heat Pumps Water Heating System for a University Dormitory

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11080356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 356

Author(s):

Fujen Wang ◽

Kusnandar ◽

Hungwen Lin ◽

Minghua Tsai

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat Pump ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Heating System ◽

Energy Simulation ◽

Water Heating ◽

Pump System ◽

Heat Pump System

With the cost of energy rising, the value of conservation grows. Interest in energy efficiency could be a sound investment or a necessary public policy. Heat pump systems provide economical alternatives of recovering heat from different sources for use in various applications. The objective of this study is to present the strategic approach on the energy efficient analysis of the water heating system retrofitted by applying a heat pump system in the dormitory of a university. Energy savings were determined by comparing field measurements of water consumption, water temperature and power consumption of the overall system before (electric resistance heating system) and after (heat pump heating system) the implementation of this project. Furthermore, the building energy simulation code (eQuest) has been applied to verify and predict the long-term energy consumption for both water heating systems. The results from energy modelling revealed the good agreement for energy simulation and field measurement data and the improvement of energy efficiency and energy savings could be achieved satisfactorily by retrofitting of a heat pump system. The energy conversion efficiency of hot water for energy consumption at 0.63 (Mcal/Mcal) could be achieved after the application of heat pump water heating system. It also presented the annual saving about USD 20,000 (NTD 600,000) for the dorm by using a heat pump heating system under the electrical billing rate of Taiwan.

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF MEASURES PERFORMED TO INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN VASIL KARAGIOZOV HIGH SCHOOL OF YAMBOL, BULGARIA

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Binev

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

The report analyzes the results of the implemented measures to improve energy efficiency in Vasil Karagiozov High school of Yambol, Bulgaria. Energy savings are determined by measuring and/or calculating energy consumption with previously adopted baseline levels, implementing a measure or program to improve energy efficiency by providing normalized corrections corresponding to the impact of specific climatic conditions on energy use. A reference heating energy consumption of 38.62 kWh/m2 was determined after the renovation of the building. Comparing the reference energy costs for heating before and after the implementation of the energy saving measures show a real decrease of the energy consumption for heating by 53.44%. Compared to the reference energy consumption for heating before and after the energy saving measures show an actual reduction of energy consumption for heating by 47.86%.

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Energy Savings Analysis for Operation of Steam Cushion System for Sensible Thermal Energy Storages

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15010286 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 286

Author(s):

Ryszard Zwierzchowski ◽

Olgierd Niemyjski ◽

Marcin Wołowicz

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Production ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Hot Water ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

Suction Pipe ◽

Technical Solutions

The paper presents an analytical discussion of how to improve the energy efficiency of the steam cushion system operation for a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank. The EU’s green deal 2050 target policy requires an increase in the energy efficiency of energy production and use, as well as an increase in the share of renewable energy in the overall energy production balance. The use of energy-efficient TES is considered as one of the most important technologies to achieve the objectives of this EU policy. The analyses presented in the paper of energy-efficient operation of steam cushion (SC) systems were carried out by using operational data received from three District Heating Systems (DHSs) that supply heat and electricity to one of the largest cities in Poland and are equipped with the TES systems. These three analyzed TESs differ in capacities from 12,800 to 30,400 m3, tank diameters from 21 to 30 m and shell height from 37 to 48.2 m. The main purpose of using a steam cushion system in the TES tank is to protect the water stored in it against the absorption of oxygen from the surrounding atmospheric air through the surge chamber and safety valves located on the roof of the tank. The technical solutions presented here for the upper orifice for charging and discharging hot water into/from the tank and the suction pipe for circulating water allow to us achieve significant energy savings in the steam cushion systems. Both the upper orifice and the end of suction pipe are movable through the use of pontoons. Thanks to the use of this technical solution, a stable insulating water layer is created above the upper orifice in the upper part of the TES tank, where convective and turbulent transport of heat from the steam cushion space to the hot water stored in the tank is significantly limited. Ultimately, this reduces the heat flux by approximately 90% when compared to the classic technical solutions of steam cushion systems in TES tanks, i.e., for the upper orifice and circulation water pipe. The simplified analysis presented in the paper and comparison of its results with experimental data for heat flow from the steam cushion space to hot water stored in the upper part of the TES tank fully confirms the usefulness of the heat-flow models used.

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Creative Energy Alternatives

Renewable and Alternative Energy ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch070 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1984-2006

Author(s):

Esin Okay

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Global Economy ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Energy Strategies

Energy has a strong impact on both economy and ecology. Global economy and ecology need to obtain sustainable and clean sources of energy, which is an issue of financial challenges. Developing countries face problems of energy sourcing due to costs and risks. But using the natural sources of energy in creative ways is cheap and clean. Therefore, developing economies must develop energy strategies based on creative energy solutions. Turkey as a developing country implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency in line with EU requirements. Turkey does not have enough conventional energy but very large renewable energy resources. In this chapter, the large potential of creative energy alternatives in Turkey is explored. The indistinct start of energy savings market and the risks of financing huge energy projects show that Turkey needs to depend on investing in the cheapest forms of creative energy solutions.

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Creative Energy Alternatives

Handbook of Research on Developing Sustainable Value in Economics, Finance, and Marketing - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6635-1.ch010 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 157-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Esin Okay

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Global Economy ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Energy Strategies

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Risk Mitigation in Energy Efficiency Retrofit Projects Using Automated Performance Control

Sustainable Energy Investment - Technical, Market and Policy Innovations to Address Risk ◽

10.5772/intechopen.89476 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Job Taminiau ◽

John Byrne ◽

Daniel Sanchez Carretero ◽

Soojin Shin ◽

Jing Xu

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Performance Control ◽

Performance Guarantees ◽

Performance Risk ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

And Control

Performance gap concerns limit investment in the building energy efficiency retrofit market. In particular, the ability of projects to deliver on promised energy savings is commonly drawn into question. Performance risk mitigation mainly occurs through energy saving performance guarantees. Contractual stipulations arrange the conditions of the guarantee, and ceteris paribus, a higher energy saving guarantee should reduce project performance risk. Therefore, methods that yield a higher energy saving guarantee could help accelerate the market. We review the ability of “smart,” automated, and connected technologies to: (a) intelligently monitor and control the performance of energy-consuming devices to reduce performance variations, (b) provide additional degrees of control over the project’s performance, and, by doing so, (c) motivate the energy services company (ESCO) to raise the energy saving guarantee. Our analysis finds that use of such automated performance control could significantly raise the energy saving guarantee, making projects more likely to succeed.

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New concept of electrical drives for paper and board machines based on energy efficiency principles

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci0604063j ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 63-78

Author(s):

Borislav Jeftenic ◽

Sasa Statkic ◽

Milan Bebic ◽

Leposava Ristic

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Frequency Converter ◽

System Control ◽

Paper Machine ◽

Squirrel Cage ◽

The Press ◽

Before And After ◽

Cage Induction Motor ◽

And Control

In this paper, it is described how the reconstruction of the facility of paper machine has been conducted, at the press and drying part of the machine in June 2001, as well as the expansion of the Paper Machine with the "third coating" introducing, that has been done in July 2002, in the board factory "Umka". The existing old drive of the press and the drive of drying groups were established as a Line Shaft Drive, 76 m long. The novel drive is developed on the basis of conventional squirrel cage induction motor application, with frequency converter. The system control is carried out with the programmable controller, and the communication between controllers, converters, and control boards is accomplished trough profibus. Reconstruction of the coating part of the machine, during technological reconstruction of this part of the machine, was being conducted with a purpose to improve performance of the machine by adding device for spreading "third coating". The demands for the power facility were to replace existing facility with the new one, based on energy efficiency principles and to provide adequate facility for new technological sections. Also, new part of the facility had to be connected with the remaining part of the machine, i.e. with the press and drying part, which have been reconstructed in 2001. It has to be stressed that energy efficiency principles means to realize new, modernized drive with better performances and greater capacity for the as small as possible amount of increased installed power of separate drives. In the paper are also, graphically presented achieved energy savings results, based on measurements performed on separate parts of paper machine, before and after reconstruction. .

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