scholarly journals Polyphenol Content and Enhancing Plant resistance of Lowland Arabica Coffee

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Distiana Wulanjari ◽  
Ketut Anom Wijaya ◽  
Muhammad Ghufron Rosyady ◽  
Ali Wafa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

The production of arabica coffee in Indonesia is still low because of leaf rust disease suppression caused by Hemileia vastatrix. Basically, it can produce well in the overlapping zone (1000-1500 masl). This potential can be used as basic for intensifying arabica coffee cultivation to the lowland. For anticipation steps to reduce the spread of leaf rust can be done by increasing the production of polyphenol as plant resistance. The addition of mineral element such as silica, boron, iodine, calcium, and potassium can stimulate the synthesis of plant polyphenol. In this research, five minerals above were tested into 7 treatment with single factor RCBD, that is without additional of the mineral element, 150 mg L-1 Si, 300 mg L-1 B, 3000 mg L-1 Ca, 20.000 mg L-1 K, 300 mg L-1 I, and the combination/mix of five mineral elements. The laboratory analysis shows that calcium able to produce the highest polyphenol, but it is not a real difference with silica. The polyphenol that synthesized by Si, I, and K was able to reduce the leaf rust incidence until 78,13%, while Ca can reduce the incidence up to 71,88%.

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

scholarly journals Ekspresi β -1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada tanaman kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) tahan dan rentan karat daun Expression of β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) resistant and susceptible against leaf rust disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
I SUSANTI ◽  
Surip MAWARDI ◽  
D A SANTOSO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Summary Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered to be one of the most important diseases on arabica coffee plantation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying resistance of arabica coffee against leaf rust disease, this research was aimed to study expression of β-1,3 glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) genes in the arabica coffee S1934 and  BLP10 that have been reported respectively as a resistant and susceptible varieties to H. vastatrix. The two varieties were essayed against H. vastatrix, and an RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) using total RNAs  from the S1934 and BLP10, both inoculated with H. vastatrix and uninnoculated was carried out for studying the expression of GLU and CHI. Two primer pairs were designed to amplify the conserved region of GLU and CHI. Amplification products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BlastX analysis. The result of bioassay confirmed that arabica coffee S1934 was resistant to H. vastatrix, while BLP10 was susceptible.   β-1,3 glucanase was expressed in all of the four samples, the inoculated and uninnoculated S1934, and BLP10 in different degree. S1934 expressed higher GLU compared to BLP10. In the inoculated S1934 the expression of this gene was higher compared to that of the uninoculated one. Expression of CHI was detected only in the S1934, both inoculated and uninoculated. Sequence analysis confirmed that the RT-PCR products were exon regions of genes encoding β-1,3 glucanase dan chitinase respectively. Both of the cDNA fragment have been cloned in E.coli.  Ringkasan Karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Hemileia vastatrix merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada perkebunan kopi arabika. Untuk memahami mekanisme ketahanan kopi arabika terhadap karat daun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada varietas kopi arabika S1934 yang dilaporkan tahan karat daun dan varietas BLP10 yang termasuk rentan karat daun. Untuk itu kedua varietas diuji kembali ketahanannya terhadap H. vastatrix melalui bioesai dan dilakukan RT-PCR menggunakan RNA total dari S1934 dan BLP10, baik yang diinokulasi dengan H. vastatrix maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen GLU dan CHI. Dua pasang primer spesifik dirancang untuk mengamplifikasi daerah konservatif kedua gen  tersebut. Hasil amplifikasi disekuen dan dianalisis menggunakan program BlastX. Hasil bioesai mengkonfirmasi bahwa S1934 tahan terhadap H. vastatrix, sedangkan  BLP10 rentan.  β-1,3 glukanase diekspresikan pada kedua varietas, baik yang diinokulasi maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, namun dengan tingkat ekspresi yang sedikit berbeda. Varietas S1934 mengekspresikan β-1,3 glukanase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan BLP10. Ekspresi gen tersebut pada S1934 yang diinokulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Sedangkan kitinase hanya diekspresikan pada varietas S1934. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis DNA mengkonfirmasi bahwa sekuen hasil RT-PCR merupakan bagian ekson dari gen penyandi β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase. Kedua fragmen tersebut telah diklon pada E. coli.

scholarly journals Ekspresi β -1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada tanaman kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) tahan dan rentan karat daun Expression of β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) resistant and susceptible against leaf rust disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
I SUSANTI ◽  
Surip MAWARDI ◽  
D A SANTOSO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Summary Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered to be one of the most important diseases on arabica coffee plantation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying resistance of arabica coffee against leaf rust disease, this research was aimed to study expression of β-1,3 glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) genes in the arabica coffee S1934 and  BLP10 that have been reported respectively as a resistant and susceptible varieties to H. vastatrix. The two varieties were essayed against H. vastatrix, and an RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) using total RNAs  from the S1934 and BLP10, both inoculated with H. vastatrix and uninnoculated was carried out for studying the expression of GLU and CHI. Two primer pairs were designed to amplify the conserved region of GLU and CHI. Amplification products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BlastX analysis. The result of bioassay confirmed that arabica coffee S1934 was resistant to H. vastatrix, while BLP10 was susceptible.   β-1,3 glucanase was expressed in all of the four samples, the inoculated and uninnoculated S1934, and BLP10 in different degree. S1934 expressed higher GLU compared to BLP10. In the inoculated S1934 the expression of this gene was higher compared to that of the uninoculated one. Expression of CHI was detected only in the S1934, both inoculated and uninoculated. Sequence analysis confirmed that the RT-PCR products were exon regions of genes encoding β-1,3 glucanase dan chitinase respectively. Both of the cDNA fragment have been cloned in E.coli.  Ringkasan Karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Hemileia vastatrix merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada perkebunan kopi arabika. Untuk memahami mekanisme ketahanan kopi arabika terhadap karat daun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada varietas kopi arabika S1934 yang dilaporkan tahan karat daun dan varietas BLP10 yang termasuk rentan karat daun. Untuk itu kedua varietas diuji kembali ketahanannya terhadap H. vastatrix melalui bioesai dan dilakukan RT-PCR menggunakan RNA total dari S1934 dan BLP10, baik yang diinokulasi dengan H. vastatrix maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen GLU dan CHI. Dua pasang primer spesifik dirancang untuk mengamplifikasi daerah konservatif kedua gen  tersebut. Hasil amplifikasi disekuen dan dianalisis menggunakan program BlastX. Hasil bioesai mengkonfirmasi bahwa S1934 tahan terhadap H. vastatrix, sedangkan  BLP10 rentan.  β-1,3 glukanase diekspresikan pada kedua varietas, baik yang diinokulasi maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, namun dengan tingkat ekspresi yang sedikit berbeda. Varietas S1934 mengekspresikan β-1,3 glukanase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan BLP10. Ekspresi gen tersebut pada S1934 yang diinokulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Sedangkan kitinase hanya diekspresikan pada varietas S1934. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis DNA mengkonfirmasi bahwa sekuen hasil RT-PCR merupakan bagian ekson dari gen penyandi β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase. Kedua fragmen tersebut telah diklon pada E. coli.

scholarly journals Resistance Variability of Arabica Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica L.) to Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
North Sumatra

<p>Coffee leaf rust disease (<em>Hemileia vastatrix</em>) causes large damage to Arabica coffee plantation in Asia, Africa, and America.  In Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, the resistance level of Arabica coffee genotypes is still unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance variability of Arabica coffee genotypes to leaf rust disease and its relation to leaf morphology.  A total of 84 genotypes grown in North Sumatra were selected in November 2015 and 2016, and December 2017 using a nested design.  Data were analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and cluster hierarchy analysis. The result showed that the G56 genotype performed the most resistant to leaf rust disease, with a severity of 5.21%.  The severity of leaf rust disease has high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic advance.  Leaf morphological ratios showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritability.  The severity of leaf rust (y) significantly correlated with the ratio of leaf length to leaf area (x<sub>1</sub>) and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width (x<sub>2</sub>) with the equation y = 2.04 + 62.48x<sub>1 </sub>- 3.95x<sub>2,</sub> and multiple correlation coefficients R = 0.470 **. By using the leaf rust severity and the two ratios in the cluster analysis, these 84 genotypes were grouped into five clusters.  The result showed that several Arabica coffee genotypes with a high level of resistance to leaf rust disease are potential to be further developed.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Mineral Elements to Induce the Resistance of Arabica Coffee Against Rust Disease at Lowland Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghufron Rosyady ◽  
Ketut Anom Wijaya ◽  
Distiana Wulanjari ◽  
Ali Wafa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lowland Area

Lowland arabica coffee can be affected by leaf rust and its decrease the coffee production up to 80%. The resistance level of the plant can be determined by the content of cellulose, lignin, calcium pectate, and polyphenols in leaf tissue. Many publications reported that the mineral element could increase the content of the metabolites. This study aimed to determine the effect of Si, B, I, Ca, and K on the incidence of leaf rust attack. The experiment was carried out at 400 m a.s.l. in 2018. The experimental subjects were KT variety, which was six years old. The experiment used a randomized block design with seven treatments. The results showed that there were 1) decrease the number of leaves affected by rust between first and second observation, and 2) compared to controls, all treatments has decreased the incidence of attacks leaf rust disease. Conclusion: There is a tendency of differences in the incidence rate of attack of leaf rust disease in each treatment. Control plants showed the highest incidence rate of 1.25%, while the lowest incidence was affected by Silica, iodine, and potassium, which were 0.63%. The treatment of silica and iodine was able to reduce the highest number of colonies Leaf Rust.

scholarly journals Pengujian sifat unggul beberapa klon harapan kopi arabika di kebun percobaan Andungsari, Jawa Timur (Testing for superior traits of some arabica coffee promising clones at Andungsari research station, East Java)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Hulupi ◽  
Surip Mawardi ◽  
Yusianto Yusianto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Yielding Ability ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cup Quality

One of the major diseases which limiting production in arabica coffee is the leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, B et Br. Selection and testing on thirteen promising arabica coffee clones were carried out at endemic area for leaf rust disease, Andungsari Research Station, for six fruiting times. The aims of these test were to find out superior planting material as clone with genetic resistance to leaf rust. As the beverage commodities, criterium selections for superiority clone besides resistant to leaf rust and yielding ability of more than 1,5 ton/ha also must be excellent in cup quality. Under this consideration, BP 416 A clone showed as the best high yielding ability i.e. 1,595 kg/ha and stable, besides resistant to leaf rust disease compared to the other clones tested. This clone had good cup quality, better than earlier released variety such as USDA 762 and S 795 although was not better than Andungsari 1 that were planted in the same location. The best physical bean characteristics was obtained on BP 513 A clone wich is derived from S 795 x Caturra red, having 89.2% of normal bean and 18.3% outurn characteristics. However, due to lower yielding and more susceptible to leaf rust, this clone could not be classified as superior clone.

scholarly journals Serangan Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix B et Br) pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika di Perkebunan Rakyat Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Riza Kusuma Widia Siska ◽  
Lahmuddin Lubis ◽  
Lisnawati Lisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
North Sumatra

Kabupaten Mandailing Natal merupakan daerah penghasil kopi di Sumatera Utara. Salah satu factor pembatas produksi kopi di kabupaten ini adalah adanya serangan penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh Hemileia vastatrix. Namun informasi sebaran dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi di kabupaten ini belum ada.Padaha linformasi ini diperlukan untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit dan pemetaan sebaranpenyakit karat daun kopi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode purposive random sampling (PRS) di tiga kecamatan masing-masing Kecamatan Pakantan, Puncak Sorik Marapi dan Ulu Pungkut dengan lokasi geografis 0° 10° – 1° 50° LU dan 98° 50° – 100° 10° BT dengan ketinggian tempatantara 861-1353 meter diatas permukaan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyakit karat daun kopi telah tersebar pada letak geografis 0°10°-1°50°LU dan 98°50°-100°10°BT dengan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi tertinggi yaitu 45% terdapat di Desa Huta Namale, Kecamatan Puncak Sorik Marapi, sebaliknya keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi yang terendah terdapatdi Desa Huta Julu, Kecamatan Pakantan yaitu sebesar1%. Faktor suhu, ketinggian tempat dan jarak tanam berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap tingkat kejadian dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi. Mandailing Natal Regency is a coffee-producing area in North Sumatra. One of the limiting factors for coffee production in this district is the attack of coffee leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix. The information on the distribution and severity of coffee leaf rust disease in this district is needed to determine its control strategy. This study aims to determine the severity of the disease and the mapping of the spread of coffee leaf rust disease on people's coffee plantations in Mandailing Natal District. The study was carried out by purposive random sampling (PRS) method in three sub-districts of Pakantan Subdistrict, Sorik Marapi and Ulu Pungkut Peak with a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° - 1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° - 100 ° 10 ° with the altitude between 861-1353 meters above sea level. The results showed that the coffee leaf rust disease was spread over a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° -1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° -100 ° 10 ° East with the highest severity of coffee leaf rust disease, 45% in Huta Namale Village, District Sorik Marapi Peak, on the contrary the lowest severity of coffee leaf rust disease is in Huta Julu Village, Pakantan District, which is equal to 1%. Temperature, altitude, and spacing factors are very low correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Conditions and Genetic Background of Arabica Coffee (C. arabica L) on Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) Pathogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Toniutti ◽  
Jean-Christophe Breitler ◽  
Hervé Etienne ◽  
Claudine Campa ◽  
Sylvie Doulbeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee

scholarly journals Performance of Some Arabica Coffee Local Varieties from Gayo Highland

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Hulupi ◽  
Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Yusianto .
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Variety Performance ◽  
Cup Quality

Recently, most of coffee farmers at Gayo highland (Aceh) are planting various of local varieties, namely Timtim Aceh, Borbor, P 88, BP 542A and Ateng Super. Those varieties have been planted to replace S line and Catimor Jaluk varieties which were damaged by leaf rust and root disease. Research on the performance of those varieties was to investigate superior characteristics of each variety and moreover as based to choose the best one as released variety for Gayo Highland. Research finding revealed that Timtim Aceh and Borbor varieties were well adapted to Gayo highland conditions with yielding ability 0.956 ton/ha and 0.909 ton/ha, respectively. Although the highest yield was obtained by Ateng Super variety (1.76 ton/ha green coffee), but not stable, therefore it could not be categorized as superior variety. The previous two varieties also had good cup quality (by standard assesment of Specialty Coffee Association of America), then it could contribute Gayo coffee specialty product. The resistance test for leaf rust disease in the field plantation, showed all varieties demonstrated varying in their resistance. BP 542A variety was the most resistant type, whereas Timtim Aceh and Borbor varieties were moderately. However all varieties become more susceptible if planted at lower altitude, less than 1,000 m asl. The resistance test to coffee berry borer and parasitic nematode showed that Timtim Aceh and Borbor varieties were ranked into almost resistant to resistant. Based on all result of the superior characteristics testing, Timtim Aceh and Borbor varieties were the best one, and it could be proposed to be released as Arabica coffee varieties that suitable at Gayo highland. Key words: Arabica coffee, Gayo highland, local varieties, variety performance, cup quality, yielding, resistant to leaf rust disease

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