Material Types of Breeding Container of Dengue Vectors in Kuta Alam Sub-District Banda Aceh City

Aedes-borne arboviruses have emerged as an important public health problem throughout the world where Aedes spp. are the vectors responsible for this disease. This study was conducted to identify the material types of breeding containers of Aedes spp. larvae as one of the baseline data for Kuta Alam SubDistrict and to suggest suitable Aedes prevention and control strategies. Larvae were identified morphologically and larval indices were also calculated. A total of 2436 containers out of 14 types of containers observed during study periods. The positive breeding containers were surveyed and classified into indoors and outdoors environments. The material of positive breeding container types found was classified into six categories; cement, ceramic, plastic, metal, rubber and glass. As many as 450 of the 2436 potential containers included in the survey, half of the positive containers are cement and plastic materials which represent 80% of the total both in rural and urban areas, indoors and outdoors environment. It was followed by ceramic (15%), metal (3%) and rubber (1%). Aedes spp. larvae were most abundant in cement and plastic material. Therefore, community mobilization towards eliminating human-made containers, either indoor or outdoor, is vital for the dengue control program.

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Pattern of parasitic infections as public health problem among school children: A comparative study between rural and urban areas

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.10.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Saad R. Alsubaie ◽

Ahmed A. Azazy ◽

Eltigani O. Omer ◽

Latifa A. Al-shibani ◽

Abdulsalam Q. Al-Mekhlafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Comparative Study ◽

School Children ◽

Health Problem ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

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Tuberculosis in a township in southern Bahia: epidemiological and operational indicators

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

Jesus GAS ◽

M R Silva ◽

M L Miranda ◽

I M Reis

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Information System ◽

Health Problem ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Control Program ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Important Public Health ◽

Treatment Abandonment

Abstract Tuberculosis is an important public health problem of global magnitude. Although it has had diagnostic and therapeutic support for decades, its control requires attention in several points from the health system. In this context, epidemiological and operational indicators allow evaluating the effectiveness of the Tuberculosis Control Program. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted with a quantitative approach, referring to the period from 2014 to 2018, in the township of Ilhéus, using secondary data from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the State Secretariate of Bahia (SINAN/SESAB). During the analyzed period, 678 cases of tuberculosis were identified in the information system, with an average annual incidence coefficient of 71.32 cases/100,000 inhabitants and a mortality coefficient with an average of 4.45 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. The test rate of these HIV patients was 56.64%. Regarding the directly observed treatment (DOT), the annual average was 10.19% cases that underwent this follow-up, with a reduction of 28.57% of cases in 2014 followed up with DOT for only 8.11% of cases in 2018. Regarding the closure situation, in 2018 there was a higher proportion of individuals who presented cure (77.61%), lower proportion of treatment abandonment (18.30%), as well as a lower number of cases with closure due to death (2.99%). Thus, it is perceived that tuberculosis in the township of Ilhéus presents values far from what is recommended and remains an important public health problem. In view of this scenario, highlights the importance of decentralization of the service, with its management guided by the evaluation of indicators and the consolidation of primary health care. Key messages This study is relevant because it allows the assessment of the tuberculosis profile. The analysis of the indicators makes it possible to adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies.

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Social Determinant of Health of Adults Smoking Behavior: Differences between Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v11i2.1237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fitri Kurnia Rahim ◽

Thunwadee Suksaroj ◽

Isareethika Jayasvasti

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Control Program ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Tobacco Control Program ◽

Rural And Urban

Indonesia has the highest prevalence of smoking behavior among Southeast Asian countries. This study aimed to determine predictors of smoking behavior between rural and urban areas. Data were taken from The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). This study used ross-sectional analytical study and multiple logistic regression analysis. Samples were 8,305 Indonesian adults aged ≥ 15 years. The study showed that smokers in rural area were higher than in urban area, respectively 36.8% and 31.9%. Significant predictors of smoking behavior in rural and urban areas were age, occupation, sex, education level, economic status as well as smoking rule inside home. In urban area, age was also significant predictor and otherwise in rural area. The strongest predictor was smoking rule inside home and sex for smoking behavior, either in rural or in urban area. Tobacco control program should be relatively increased by considering the appropriate target population both in rural and urban area due to a little different of smoking behavior path, hence sex perspective should be involved also in tobacco control program. Regulation on smoke-free home should be encouraged to be implemented among houses of community.AbstrakIndonesia memiliki prevalensi perilaku merokok tertinggi di antara negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediktor terhadap perilaku merokok antara wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Data diambil dari Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Penelitian menggunakan studi analitik potong lintang dan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Sampel berjumlah 8.305 orang dewasa Indonesia berusia ≥ 15 tahun. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perokok di wilayah pedesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan di wilayah perkotaan, masing-masing 36,8% dan 31,9%. Prediktor signifikan terhadap perilaku merokok di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan adalah usia, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi serta aturan merokok di dalam rumah. Di wilayah perkotaan, usia juga merupakan prediktor yang signifikan dan sebaliknya di wilayah pedesaan. Prediktor terkuat adalah aturan merokok di dalam rumah dan jenis kelamin untuk perilaku merokok di wilayah pedesaan atau perkotaan. Program pengendalian tembakau secara relatif harus ditingkatkan dengan mempertimbangkan populasi target yang sesuai, baik di wilayah pedesaan maupun perkotaan karena adanya sedikit perbedaan jalan perilaku merokok, maka sudut pandang jenis kelamin juga harus dilibatkan dalam program pengendalian tembakau. Aturan rumah bebas asap rokok harus didorong untuk diterapkan pada rumah penduduk.

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Prevalence and role of risk factors for hypertension in 18-69 years of age in rural and urban areas of district Amritsar, Punjab, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170273 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chasham Mitra ◽

Mohan Lal ◽

Tejbir Singh ◽

S. S. Deepti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is high among rural and urban population. All the risk factors of lifestyle are known to cause the early onset and rapid worsening of hypertension.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted. 1000 participants (500 rural and 500 urban) between the age group of 18-69 years were selected by systematic random sampling method from 5 villages and 5 urban wards of Amritsar city. Out of total, 500 males and 500 females were selected.Results: This study shows that 332 (33.2%) participants were hypertensive out of total 1000. The chances of Hypertension are directly proportional to age and shows peak between 50-59 years of age, 86 (59.72%). The prevalence among males and females was 32.4% and 34% respectively. Hypertension is highest in respondents with body mass index (BMI >30) i.e. 53.43%. The prevalence of hypertension was slightly higher among smokers than non-smokers and among vegetarians than non- vegetarians.Conclusions:Hence, it becomes necessary to adopt a lifestyle with regular physical activity for at-least 30 min a day, for 5 days of the week, to decrease prevalence of obesity and to maintain BMI within normal range. Thus awareness among communities should be raised regarding prevention of the risk factors for hypertension.

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Under-5 Child Mortality Determinants in Rural-Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Proportional Hazard Models

Journal of Reliability and Statistical Studies ◽

10.13052/jrss0974-8024.1416 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayesha Siddika Anney ◽

Soma Chowdhury Biswas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Rank Test ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Aged Child

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a South Asian country with a vast population. The early childhood mortality is a noticeable public health problem. The study work aims to determine the factors related to under-5 aged child mortality in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh; data pulled out from BDHS (Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey)-2014. In rural and urban areas, 5306 and 2454 less than five years aged children born before in 5 years preceding the survey respectively. The Kaplan-Meier log-rank test is applied to determine the risk factors in bivariate analysis to multivariate survival models. In multivariate analysis to find out the risk factors of under-five aged child mortality, the Cox proportional hazard model and the Cox frailty model were employed. Religion, father’s educational level, number of antenatal care visits, multiplicity of birth, child size at birth, place of delivery, total children ever born, number of living children are the significant factors of child mortality in rural, urban areas. The variability among children for mortality is 0.000529 and 0.001225 in rural and urban areas individually. Proper notable attention needed for significant determinants, which may increase child survival.

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Assessment of multiple factors affecting intelligence quotient of children of rural and urban areas of Rajasthan, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 2557

Author(s):

Shreyans D. Singhvi ◽

Preksha T. Singh ◽

Gautam Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Intelligence Quotient ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Group 3 ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Children are the future of our country and hence their mental and physical wellbeing should be our upmost priority. Undernutrition is a major public health problem in our country and is one of the most common reasons for morbidity and mortality in children under 5yrs of age. The first few years of life are particularly important because vital development occurs in all domains. Therefore, this study has aimed to study the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of the children of the age group 3-5 in urban and rural areas and study the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross section study of the children group of population was performed. Two sections of the children group were taken for the study- children population residing in an urban area and children population residing in a rural community of Rajasthan, India. The data was compiled and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: In our study, we have found that The following chosen demographic factors were found associated with children Intelligence quotient (IQ) - nutritional status, socioeconomic status, and age, while gender was not found to be associated with IQ.Conclusions: As, cognitive development is fairly important to children and their future, it should be paid more acknowledgment, as well as early preventive methods of it’s associated factors.

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Fingertip and nasal tip thermal burn in crack cocaine user

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132821 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 850-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fred Bernardes Filho ◽

Ystannyslau Bernardes da Silva ◽

Luiz Gustavo Martins ◽

Leticia Soares Sasso ◽

Marilda Aparecida Milanez Morgado de Abreu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drug Trafficking ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Crack Cocaine ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cocaine Addiction ◽

Cocaine User ◽

Thermal Burn ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

Crack cocaine addiction is a public health problem in Brazil. It is an endemic disease that affects rural and urban areas. The Ministry of Health has launched emergency programs for the treatment of dependents and to combat drug trafficking. Recognition of dermatological signs of this disease is important because through them the diagnosis can be suspected and early treatment of patients with crack cocaine addiction be provided.

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Measuring the contribution of human mobility to malaria persistence

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03474-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelo F. C. Gomes ◽

Cláudia T Codeço ◽

Leonardo S. Bastos ◽

Raquel M. Lana

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Using Data ◽

Human Mobility Pattern

Abstract Background To achieve malaria elimination, it is important to determine the role of human mobility in parasite transmission maintenance. The Alto Juruá basin (Brazil) exhibits one of the largest vivax and falciparum malaria prevalence in the Amazon. The goal of this study was to estimate the contribution of human commutes to malaria persistence in this region, using data from an origin-destination survey. Methods Data from an origin-destination survey were used to describe the intensity and motivation for commutations between rural and urban areas in two Alto Juruá basin (Brazil) municipalities, Mâncio Lima and Rodrigues Alves. The relative time-person spent in each locality per household was estimated. A logistic model was developed to estimate the effect of commuting on the probability of contracting malaria for a certain residence zone inhabitant commuting to another zone. Results The main results suggest that the assessed population is not very mobile. A total of $$96\%$$ 96 % households reported spending over $$90\%$$ 90 % of their annual person-hour in areas within the same residence zone. Study and work were the most prevalent commuting motivations, calculated at $$40.5\%$$ 40.5 % and $$29.5\%$$ 29.5 % respectively. Spending person-hours in urban Rodrigues Alves conferred relative protection to urban Mâncio Lima residents. The opposite effect was observed for those spending time in rural areas of both municipalities. Conclusion Residence area is a stronger determinant for contracting malaria than commuting zones in the Alto Juruá region. As these municipalities are a hotspot for Plasmodium transmission, understanding the main local human fluxes is essential for planning control strategies, since the probability of contracting malaria is dependent on the transmission intensity of both the origin and the displacement area. The natural conditions for the circulation of certain pathogens, such as Plasmodium spp., combined with the Amazon human mobility pattern indicate the need for disease control perspective changes. Therefore, intersectoral public policies should become the basis for health mitigation actions.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Patients Attending BSMMU, Dhaka

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v1i2.21509 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 52-55

Author(s):

Ayesha Begum ◽

Shahina Tabassum ◽

Md. Nazrul Islam ◽

Ms Afzalunnessa

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Age Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Study Population

The present study was done to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among patients attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Serum samples from 408 subjects, aged between 0-69 years, attending BSMMU from different rural and urban areas of Bangladesh were tested for HEV IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HEV IgG was found among 20.6% of the study population. A higher rate of seropositivity (26.1%) was found among patients attending from urban than those from rural (15.1%) areas which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). A gradual rise in prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was observed among the study population according to age, starting from 10.6% in the 0-9 years age group and increasing with higher age thereafter. The HEV IgG prevalence reached its highest (28.3%) in the 30-39 years, which remained at around the same level in the 40-49 years (25.0%) and 50-59 years (26.0%), with a drop of incidence in the 60-69 years age group (17.8%). The study indicates HEV infection as a public health problem in Bangladesh and suggests to ensure increased awareness to prevent andcontrol future outbreaks.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 52-55

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