scholarly journals Hygrothermal performance of paper plaster: influence of different types of paper and production methods on moisture buffering

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 14010
Author(s):  
Mihkel Soolepp ◽  
Aime Ruus ◽  
Nele Nutt ◽  
Jane Raamets ◽  
Ardo Kubjas
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Hygrothermal Performance ◽  
Recycle Paper ◽  
Moisture Buffering

Paper as a material needs a lot of input energy. Many measures have been suggested to recycle paper, but still a huge amount of it ends in landfills. Hereby, one possibility for recycling paper - making paper plaster and putting it into service in indoor environment - is introduced. The study focuses on the moisture buffering properties of paper plaster. Two questions are under consideration in this article. Firstly, how paper type and production method influence the properties (dry density, drying shrinkage) of paper plaster, and secondly, what the material moisture buffering properties of paper plaster are. The plasters for testing were made from four types of paper (printer paper, glossy paper, newsprint and book paper). The production methods used were rumpling, grinding with a shredder or special crusher (prepared for the study) and soaking the paper after that. The dry density of groups varied from approx. 240 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3. The shrinkage properties were from 3% to 10% in diameter. To evaluate the moisture buffering ability of paper plaster, the methodology introduced in the Nordtest protocol was used. Paper plaster is an outstanding water vapour buffering material [MBV=2.23-3.91 g/(m2·%RH)] belonging to the moisture buffering class "excellent" defined by Rode [15]. From the production methods rumpling gave the best value while printer paper showed the best values from the chosen materials. The tests with glossy paper resulted in modest values. To conclude, all the paper materials and preparation methods introduced in this study can be used to make paper plaster

scholarly journals The performance of ultra-lightweight foamed concrete incorporating nanosilica

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd Elrahman ◽  
Pawel Sikora ◽  
Sang-Yeop Chung ◽  
Dietmar Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the feasibility of the incorporation of nanosilica (NS) in ultra-lightweight foamed concrete (ULFC), with an oven-dry density of 350 kg/m3, in regard to its fresh and hardened characteristics. The performance of various dosages of NS, up to 10 wt.-%, were examined. In addition, fly ash and silica fume were used as cement replacing materials, to compare their influence on the properties of foamed concrete. Mechanical and physical properties, drying shrinkage and the sorption of concrete were measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) and a probabilistic approach were implemented to evaluate the microstructural changes associated with the incorporation of different additives, such as wall thickness and pore anisotropy of produced ULFCs. The experimental results confirmed that the use of NS in optimal dosage is an effective way to improve the stability of foam bubbles in the fresh state. Incorporation of NS decrease the pore anisotropy and allows to produce a foamed concrete with increased wall thickness. As a result more robust and homogenous microstructure is produced which translate to improved mechanical and transport related properties. It was found that replacement of cement with 5 wt.-% and 10 wt.-% NS increase the compressive strength of ULFC by 20% and 25%, respectively, when compared to control concrete. The drying shrinkage of the NS-incorporated mixes was higher than in the control mix at early ages, while decreasing at 28 d. In overall, it was found that NS is more effective than other conventional fine materials in improving the stability of fresh mixture as well as enhancing the strength of foamed concrete and reducing its porosity and sorption.

scholarly journals The Effects of Consideration of Future and Immediate Consequences on Willingness to Pay for Eco-Friendly Plant Attributes

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
Ben Campbell ◽  
Bridget Behe ◽  
Charlie Hall
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Consideration Of Future Consequences ◽  
Plant Attributes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
The U.S

We investigated how differences in the consideration of future consequences (CFC) influence consumers' willingness to pay for edible and ornamental plants using data from plant auction experiments conducted in the U.S. and Canada. Specifically, the study focused on individuals' preferences for plant attributes related to production method, container type, and product origin. Individuals assigning higher importance to future consequences of their current decisions were willing to pay a price premium for plants grown using sustainable (16.7 cents) and energy-saving (16.5 cents) production methods, non-conventional containers such as compostable (18.2 cents) and plantable (14.3 cents), and locally produced plants (15.3 cents), and they expected a discount (37.8 cents) to purchase imported plants (i.e., produced outside the U.S.). In contrast, individuals assigning higher importance to immediate outcomes of their decisions were not willing to pay a price premium for the above mentioned attributes, with the exception of water-saving and compostable ones. The results contribute to our understanding of the effects of temporal considerations on choice decision making by horticultural consumers, and provide horticultural marketers with an opportunity to effectively position products that provide long- or short-term benefits.

Nanogold-based materials in medicine: from their origins to their future

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves ◽  
David Ferreira ◽  
Hugo A Ferreira ◽  
Catarina P Reis
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Research Fields

The properties of gold-based materials have been explored for centuries in several research fields, including medicine. Multiple published production methods for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown that the physicochemical and optical properties of AuNPs depend on the production method used. These different AuNP properties have allowed exploration of their usefulness in countless distinct biomedical applications over the last few years. Here we present an extensive overview of the most commonly used AuNP production methods, the resulting distinct properties of the AuNPs and the potential application of these AuNPs in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in biomedicine.

Combining Cellulose and ZnO for Extend the Shelf Life of Fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Abel Kristanto Widodo ◽  
Dita Baeti Pridiana ◽  
Nafi' Arrizqi ◽  
Muthia Nur Fajrina ◽  
Deka Setyawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Coating Solution ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Recycle Paper

The increasing level of paper consumption has the effect of cutting down trees for paper production which has disrupted natural sustainability. Paper production is not proportional to the amount of paper waste that is left to accumulate without recycle. Paper making material is 90% cellulose and the rest is material added as a support. This research try to recycle paper that processed chemically and cellulose isolating is by modifying it into nanoparticles with the addition of ZnO (nanosized) to produce nanocoating. Nanocoating production produces a nanocomposite coating solution with 0% and 1% cellulose + ZnO (nanosized) concentration (w/w cellulose). The result of this research can applied on salak fruit with parameters of weight loss and total acid. The parameters show changes in weight loss and total acid that will decrease every day with the coating treatment using cellulose, but the addition of ZnO (nanosized) can show the best results. The finding of this study could be used as extending the shelf life of fruit.

The Influence of Elevated Temperature in Creep Relaxation of Various PTFE Gaskets Production Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Silva ◽  
Florian Werner ◽  
Lucas Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Relaxation Property ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) products have been widely used for industrial sealing applications due to their outstanding chemical resistance as well as their electrical, anti-stick, impact resistance and low friction properties. Diverse PTFE flat gaskets production methods are available in the industry, which include the combination of a selected Resin Type and a determined manufacturing process, being able to provide a wide range of several types of PTFE gaskets, with different mechanical characteristics. The production method has significant impact on the mechanical properties of the PTFE gaskets, especially the creep relaxation property at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the gasket behavior at high temperatures and, consequently, the bolted flanged joint (BFJ) performance, directly depends on both selected Resin Type and gasket manufacturing process. One of the most used PTFE gasket types is produced from multiaxially expanded PTFE sheets. As it is known, different types of stretching, among other factors, confer to the gasket particular mechanical characteristics. This type of gasket exhibits a very low gasket seating stress, and it is the preferred type for most low bolt load flanges. This paper presents a study of the creep relaxation property at room and elevated temperatures of expanded PTFE gaskets manufactured by different Resin Types and processes of expanding PTFE materials. Experimental results are presented comparing EN 13555 [1] Qsmax, PQR and ΔeGc parameters of the produced PTFE gaskets.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance of Hydrogen Production Methods

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Angel Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto Abánades
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Exergy Performance ◽  
The Impact

The study of the viability of hydrogen production as a sustainable energy source is a current challenge, to satisfy the great world energy demand. There are several techniques to produce hydrogen, either mature or under development. The election of the hydrogen production method will have a high impact on practical sustainability of the hydrogen economy. An important profile for the viability of a process is the calculation of energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as their overall integration into the circular economy. To carry out theoretical energy and exergy analyses we have estimated proposed hydrogen production using different software (DWSIM and MATLAB) and reference conditions. The analysis consolidates methane reforming or auto-thermal reforming as the viable technologies at the present state of the art, with reasonable energy and exergy efficiencies, but pending on the impact of environmental constraints as CO2 emission countermeasures. However, natural gas or electrolysis show very promising results, and should be advanced in their technological and maturity scaling. Electrolysis shows a very good exergy efficiency due to the fact that electricity itself is a high exergy source. Pyrolysis exergy loses are mostly in the form of solid carbon material, which has a very high integration potential into the hydrogen economy.

scholarly journals Basic principles of organic goat farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Milivoje Urošević ◽  
Ersoy Nilda ◽  
Petar Stojić ◽  
Darko Drobnjak
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Accredited Institutions ◽  
Classical Means ◽  
Goat Farming

Organic farming, as an ecologically acceptable production method based on natural processes and the use of organic and natural materials, is becoming increasingly popular in Serbia. In addition to “organic”, this type of production is also commonly called “ecological” or “biological”. The objectives of organic agriculture are to maintain and increase fertility of the land, suppress land erosion, conserve biodiversity, protect natural resources from pollution and produce foods of high nutritional value. In organizing organic livestock production, priority is given to native (indigenous) breeds adapted to local growing conditions and resistant to diseases. Organic production, which is an integral part of the sustainable agriculture system, does not permit the use of protective and nutraceuticals of synthetic chemical origin and synthetic drugs, growth regulators, hormones and GMOs. Despite the common, classical means of goat farming, in recent years there has been increasing interest to change typical farming methods to introduce “Bio” systems, i.e. biologically clean farming methods. Such production methods result in products free of the chemicals that are common in numerous substances used in common production methods. Animal welfare is always a high priority in organic production. Primarily, animals should be provided with conditions for growth and development that are in compliance with their genetic potential. This implies respecting their physiological and ecological needs, and ensuring conditions to express their natural functions and behaviour. In order to start and later organize such production, certain conditions must be met. The appropriate, accredited institutions are responsible for ensuring that the required conditions are met and that production is in line with the principles of biological production. Holdings meeting the requirements of biological production receive the appropriate certificate. Today organic production in the EU is regulated by the EEC Directive 2092/91, and its amendments.

Blissed ignorance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Stefani ◽  
Alessio Cavicchi ◽  
Donato Romano
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Experimental Auctions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of information on origin, “typicalness”, production method and flavour on the willingness to pay and the sensorial appreciation of Tuscan sanguinaccio (Italian Salami). Design/methodology/approach – The goal of the study was to explore how differences between willingness to pay and sensorial appreciation (measured using a hedonic score) for the three types are influenced by the nature of the sensorial and non-sensorial information available to the consumer. To evaluate reaction to sensorial information, typical information regimes used in works on degree of disconfirmation (Schifferstein, 2001) were adopted, that is, visual examination of the product with indication of the name and tasting of the labelled product. Findings – Analysis of the results of the experiments indicates that Mallegato and Biroldo have particular characteristics that make it critical to promote them to a vast public. The information on the production methods and ingredients seemed to interact negatively with the sensorial perception of the product after tasting, probably because of the presence of blood and other problematic components (for example, components of the pig head in Biroldo) among the ingredients. Research limitations/implications – Limited size of the sample and a gastronomic niche product analyzed. Practical implications – The negative influence of the processed information has to be considered to efficiently communicate the typicalness of these salami products. In fact, whilst for other traditional products, different kinds of information related to process, raw materials, recipes and, more generally, tradition can be jointly used to increase the arousal and the expectation on products quality characteristics, in this case, the communication strategy has to carefully consider the limit of these product components. Originality/value – For the first time the use of experimental auctions investigate the role of problematic information, such as the presence of blood, on consumers’ preference towards a typical gastronomic product.

Effects of Production Methods on the Particle Morphology and Properties of Aqueous Au Nanofluids

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hwan Lee ◽  
Seoung Youn Lee ◽  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Pil Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dispersion State

In this study, the effects of nanofluid production methods on the particle morphology and properties of aqueous gold (Au) nanofluids are investigated using chemical reduction (referred as Turkevich method). Sonication method is used to provide energy for the production of Au nanofluids. Applied energy to the production of nanofluids and temperature of the reduction reaction are two main parameters in the production of aqueous Au nanofluids, affecting the particle size and dispersion state of Au nanofluids even though same production method is used. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to characterize particle size, shape and distribution. The thermal conductivities of Au nanofluids are measured by the custom-made transient hot wire system. Uncertainty of the measurements is less than ±1.5%. The pH and electrical conductivities are also measured by commercial products in this study. Temperature range of measuring properties is 10–30 °C. Experimental results show that production methods can affect the particle morphology and transport properties of Au nanofluids. Sizes of produced Au nanoparticles are 20–40 nm depending on the production methods and parameters. Through characterization and experimental results of Au nanofluids, we found the optimum conditions for production of aqueous Au nanofluids which have high thermal conductivity, small particle size and well dispersed characteristics.

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