scholarly journals Improvement of the bitumen extraction technology from bituminous sand deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Larysa Pedchenko ◽  
Nazar Pedchenko ◽  
Jerzy Kicki ◽  
Mykhailo Pedchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mine Working ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvent ◽  
Flotation Agent ◽  
Gas Lift

Today considerable experience in the development of tar sands is accumulated. However, well-known mining technologies do not cover the entire depth range of natural bitumen deposits. In addition, there are significant energy-intensive technologies and negative environmental impacts. In view of this, the purpose of this work is to improve the method of extracting natural bitumen in site for a deposit interval of 75 – 200 m and to substantiate the basic technological scheme of this method. The proposed method of extracting bitumen from poorly cemented reservoirs in the depth range of 50 – 400 m provides: creation of artificial mine working; the transfer of the rock into the water mixture composition under the action of high pressure jets of a heated mixture of water, a hydrocarbon solvent and a flotation agent; separation from the rock and concentration of bitumen in the production as a result of its heating, dissolution and flotation; selection of depleted bitum slurry from the mine working by gas lift method. The proposed method of extracting bitumen is the transfer of the rock at the site of its occurrence to the suspension condition on the excavation created by the hydraulic production method, separation and concentration of bitumen by dissolving it with a heated hydrocarbon solvent and a flotation agent (hydrocarbon reagents), and extraction in the composition of depleted rock slurry to the surface by the gas lift method. As the preliminary calculations show, the proposed method will allow the efficient extraction of bitumen and highly viscous oil from weakly cemented reservoirs in the depth range of 50 – 400 m. Also, the proposed technology creates the preconditions for the development of oil sands at a depth of 75 – 200 m since there is currently no effective technology for the interval. In addition, it can significantly reduce energy costs, environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Optimasi Intermittent Gas lift Pada Sumur AB-1 Lapangan Brownfield

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Mia Ferian Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Gas Lift

Gas lift is one of the artificial lift method that has mechanism to decrease the flowing pressure gradient in the pipe or relieving the fluid column inside the tubing by injecting amount of gas into the annulus between casing and tubing. The volume of  injected gas was inversely proportional to decreasing of  flowing  pressure gradient, the more volume of gas injected the smaller the pressure gradient. Increasing flowrate is expected by decreasing pressure gradient, but it does not always obtained when the well is in optimum condition. The increasing of flow rate will not occured even though the volume of injected gas is abundant. Therefore, the precisely design of gas lift included amount of cycle, gas injection volume and oil recovery estimation is needed. At the begining well AB-1 using artificial lift method that was continuos gas lift with PI value assumption about 0.5 STB/D/psi. Along with decreasing of production flow rate dan availability of the gas injection in brownfield, so this well must be analyze to determined the appropriate production method under current well condition. There are two types of gas lift method, continuous and intermittent gas lift. Each type of gas lift has different optimal condition to increase the production rate. The optimum conditions of continuous gaslift are high productivity 0.5 STB/D/psi and minimum production rate 100 BFPD. Otherwise, the intermittent gas lift has limitations PI and production rate which is lower than continuous gas lift.The results of the analysis are Well AB-1 has production rate gain amount 20.75 BFPD from 23 BFPD became 43.75 BFPD with injected gas volume 200 MSCFPD and total cycle 13 cycle/day. This intermittent gas lift design affected gas injection volume efficiency amount 32%.

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Oil Sand’s Natural Bitumen

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerbol Tileuberdi ◽  
Yerdos Ongarbayev ◽  
Ye. Imanbayev ◽  
Z. Mansurov ◽  
B. Tuleutaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Temperature Range

In the paper catalytic hydrogenation of natural bitumen (NB) of Kazakhstan oil sands were investigated. The process provided under 350 bar of H2 pressure and a temperature of 430 °C. At the experiment activated carbon supported catalyst was used. It has 699.807 m2/g of surface area and 0.0635 nm of medium pore size. In the processes the yield of hydrogenated natural bitumen was 91%, including 1st fraction is 13.12 wt.%; yield of 2nd fraction increased, that the temperature range from 216 to 316 °С formed in amount of 45.68 wt.%; vacuum residue of the distillation takes the 41.20 wt.% in natural bitumen.

scholarly journals Advances in Distinguishing Groundwater Influenced by Oil Sands Process-Affected Water (OSPW) from Natural Bitumen-Influenced Groundwaters

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1522-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
James W. Roy ◽  
Steve J. Rowland ◽  
Greg Bickerton ◽  
Amila DeSilva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Natural Bitumen

scholarly journals Ecological effects and causal synthesis of oil sands activity impacts on river ecosystems: water synthesis review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Culp ◽  
Ian G. Droppo ◽  
Peter di Cenzo ◽  
Alexa C. Alexander ◽  
Donald J. Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Athabasca River

Abstract: Oil sands development in the lower Athabasca River watershed has raised considerable public and scientific concern regarding perceived effects on environmental health. To address this issue for tributaries and the mainstem of the Athabasca River in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, the Water Component of the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) plan produced monitoring assessments for seven integrated themes: atmospheric deposition, tributary water quality, river mainstem water quality, groundwater quality and quantity, water quality and quantity modelling, benthic invertebrate condition, and fish health. Our review integrates and synthesizes the large and diverse datasets assembled in the seven JOSM theme assessments to: (a) evaluate possible environmental effects based on known sources and candidate proximal causes, and (b) determine the importance of cause-of-effect pathways related to contaminant, sediment and nutrient inputs. Although JOSM research identified ecological effects that appear to be associated with contaminant exposure, the source of this exposure is confounded by co-location of, and inability to differentiate between, oil sands operations (principally released by atmospheric emission) and inputs from the natural bitumen outcrops (e.g., erosional material transported by surface and groundwater flows). Nutrient enrichment from treated municipal sewage effluent was the dominant ecological effect observed for the mainstem Athabasca River, associated with increased fish size and changes in invertebrate assemblages, likely because this pollution source is discharged directly into the river. The ecological causal assessment method proved to be a useful tool for better understanding how stressor sources relate to ecological effects through candidate proximate causes. Factors that confound our ability to assess the ecological effects of oil sands development focus on our inability to adequately differentiate between contaminants supplied from natural and anthropogenic contaminant sources. Our causal synthesis identifies options for changes in future monitoring to better anticipate and detect degradation in the ecosystem health of the lower Athabasca River and its tributaries.

scholarly journals Study of Asphaltene Structure Precipitated from Oil Sands

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Sultanov ◽  
Ye. Tileuberdi ◽  
Ye.K. Ongarbayev ◽  
Z.A. Mansurov ◽  
K.A. Khasseinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Broad Absorption Band ◽  
National University ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Main Component

<p>In the paper microscopic structure and physicochemical characteristics of asphaltenes were investigated. Asphaltene was precipitated from natural bitumen of oil sand of Munaily-Mola deposit using organic solvent of petroleum ether. According to results of our work, we found that the largest yield of asphaltens was reached by using the petroleum ether in 40-fold amount in relation to the initial hitch of bitumen. Chemical composition of precipitated asphaltenes aggregates were studied on FT-Infra red spectrometer Spectrum-65 at 450-4000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. At the Infrared spectrum, that the broad absorption band of asphaltenes at 3000-3600 cm-1 are characterizing the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic chains in the samples of asphaltens. Elemental composition of the samples of asphaltenes on the installation of X-ray fluorescent spectrometer "Focus-M2". Also found the presence of two crystalline phases. One - quartz content is less than one percent. Another phase is also present in very small quantities and is represented by a single line of diffraction d = 4.158 Å. The microstructures and microanalysis of asphaltenes were investigated with an scanning electron microscopy (Quanta 3D 200i) at an accelerated voltage of 20 kV and a pressure of 0.003 Pa at National Nanotechnological Laboratory of Open Type of Kazakh National University. Microscopic images showed that the asphaltenes have a medium-ordered structure, the main component of the surface is<br /> represented by amorphous carbon.</p>

Stability of Aqueous Wetting Films in Athabasca Tar Sands

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Hall ◽  
S.H. Collins ◽  
J.C. Melrose
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Athabasca Bitumen ◽  
Tar Sands ◽  
Wetting Films ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The existence of thin films of water that completely wet the sand grains has long been regarded as an important feature of the Athabasca oil sands deposit. Direct microscopic evidence, however, cannot be relied on to establish whether such films are present. The existence and stability of such films, therefore, must be inferred from the relevant surface chemical forces for the oil/brine/rock system. A detailed analysis of these forces shows that the stability of these thin wetting films is critically dependent on whether the zeta potentials (and charge densities) for the two electrical double layers bounding the film are of like sign. The zeta potential and charge density for the rock/brine interface will in almost all cases be negative in sign. Therefore, a requirement for the stability of a wetting film will be that these quantities are also negative at the brine/oil interface. New measurements of the electrophoretic mobility of small particles of Athabasca bitumen suspended in an aqueous phase are reported. These data show that the zeta potential at the bitumen/water interface is strongly negative. Consequently, these results suppose the hypothesis that wetting films will be stable in this instance. Introduction The great economic potential and geological significance of the Athabasca oil sands, as well as ready accessibility of outcrop specimens, have motivated extensive investigations of their chemical and physical properties for the past several decades. Although many details remain still unresolved, there is broad agreement regarding the gross physical nature of the quartz/bitumen/water mixture that constitutes the bulk of the resource. In particular, it is usually postulated that, even in the particular, it is usually postulated that, even in the bitumen-rich deposits where water content is very low, the aqueous phase is distributed in the form of continuous films that surround the quartz grains. In other words, the grains themselves are separated from the bitumen phase by envelopes of water. These envelopes are presumed to be much thicker than a simple monolayer or bilayer of water molecules (0.3 to 0.6 nm). The first published suggestion of such an arrangement was appended as a reader's comment to a general review of Athabasca oil-sands geology. Since then, others have reaffirmed this idea, occasionally pointing out also that, while present in the Athabasca material, such aqueous envelopes, separating oil from sand, are not an essential feature of all oil and tar sands. It is of some interest, however, so far as the Athabasca oil sands are concerned, that no direct observation of water films of greater-than-molecular thickness seems ever to have been made: thus, the evidence is, to date, indirect and equivocal. There is no doubt that the question of whether such wetting films are present is of more than academic importance. Rapid, complete separation of the Athabasca bitumen from sand is a key requirement for both current methods of mining and future in-situ technology. The modeling and optimization of such processes clearly will depend on a correct interpretation of the physical mechanisms involved, and this in turn requires a valid assessment of the initial physical state of the system. SPEJ P. 249

Study of Natural Bitumen Extracted from Oil Sands

2013 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerbol Tileuberdi ◽  
Yerdos Ongarbaev ◽  
Berik Tuleutaev ◽  
Zulkhair Mansurov ◽  
Frank Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Needle Penetration ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the paper physical and chemical properties of natural bitumen of oil sands were investigated. For the determination of organic part (natural bitumen) of oil sands the extraction methods was used in Soxhlet apparatus by solvent. Physical and mechanical characteristics of natural bitumen (NB) are established by standard methods: softening temperature was determined by the method Ring and Ball, depth of needle penetration was determined at apparatus Penetrometer, extensibility was determined by apparatus Ductilometer.

Studies of copper selenide ultrafine particles by newly developed gas evaporation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Chihiro Kaito ◽  
Yoshio Saito
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Copper Selenide ◽  
Quartz Boat ◽  
Selenium Vapor ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
Ultra Fine Particles

The direct evaporation of metallic oxides or sulfides does not always given the same compounds with starting material, i.e. decomposition took place. Since the controll of the sulfur or selenium vapors was difficult, a similar production method for oxide particles could not be used for preparation of such compounds in spite of increasing interest in the fields of material science, astrophysics and mineralogy. In the present paper, copper metal was evaporated from a molybdenum silicide heater which was proposed by us to produce the ultra-fine particles in reactive gas as shown schematically in Figure 1. Typical smoke by this method in Ar gas at a pressure of 13 kPa is shown in Figure 2. Since the temperature at a location of a few mm below the heater, maintained at 1400° C , were a few hundred degrees centigrade, the selenium powder in a quartz boat was evaporated at atmospheric temperature just below the heater. The copper vapor that evaporated from the heater was mixed with the stream of selenium vapor,and selenide was formed near the boat. If then condensed by rapid cooling due to the collision with inert gas, thus forming smoke similar to that from the metallic sulfide formation. Particles were collected and studied by a Hitachi H-800 electron microscope.Figure 3 shows typical EM images of the produced copper selenide particles. The morphology was different by the crystal structure, i.e. round shaped plate (CuSe;hexagona1 a=0.39,C=l.723 nm) ,definite shaped p1 ate(Cu5Se4;Orthorhombic;a=0.8227 , b=1.1982 , c=0.641 nm) and a tetrahedron(Cu1.8Se; cubic a=0.5739 nm). In the case of compound ultrafine particles there have been no observation for the particles of the tetrahedron shape. Since the crystal structure of Cu1.8Se is the anti-f1uorite structure, there has no polarity.

Formation of high temperature phase in flash-evaporated SnSe films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
J.P.S. Hanjra
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications

Tin mono selenide (SnSe) with an energy gap of about 1 eV is a potential material for photovoltaic applications. Various authors have studied the structure, electronic and photoelectronic properties of thin films of SnSe grown by various deposition techniques. However, for practical photovoltaic junctions the electrical properties of SnSe films need improvement. We have carried out investigations into the properties of flash evaporated SnSe films. In this paper we report our results on the structure, which plays a dominant role on the electrical properties of thin films by TEM, SEM, and electron diffraction (ED).Thin films of SnSe were deposited by flash evaporation of SnSe fine powder prepared from high purity Sn and Se, onto glass, mica and KCl substrates in a vacuum of 2Ø micro Torr. A 15% HF + 2Ø% HNO3 solution was used to detach SnSe film from the glass and mica substrates whereas the film deposited on KCl substrate was floated over an ethanol water mixture by dissolution of KCl. The floating films were picked up on the grids for their EM analysis.

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