scholarly journals Energy from municipal solid wastes: Galati city case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Bogdan Gabriel Carp ◽  
Gabriel Mocanu ◽  
Ion V. Ion ◽  
Florin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
City Region ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be turned into resources through recycling and energy recovery. To obtain the maximum amount of energy, the appropriate technology must be applied to waste treatment. The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes are determinant for technologies choice for MSW in a city/region. Municipal authorities from the Galati city proposed a recovery rate of recyclable materials of 60% from MSW and treatment of the post-recycling MSW as follow: biodegradable fraction by anaerobic digestion and the combustible fraction by incineration or gasification. In this study traditional and innovative waste to energy technologies have been analysed and the potential of electrical energy of waste has been estimated. Results show that plasma gasification system of raw MSW coupled with gas turbine engine has almost the same electrical energy production (32.92 GWh/year) as conventional gasification of combustible material from MSW (17.21GWh/year) coupled with anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of MSW (11.65 GWh/year). By recovering and using the landfill gas from the Tirighina landfill, 6.68 GWh of electricity can be produced annually.

Combining Anaerobic Digestion and Waste-to-Energy

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karena M. Ostrem ◽  
Karsten Millrath ◽  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Natural Organic Compounds ◽  
Further Development

A large fraction of the municipal solid wastes (MSW) stream in the U.S. comprises of natural organic compounds (i.e., food and plant wastes) with high moisture content and low heating value. While these properties are undesirable during the combustion of MSW in waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, they are required for anaerobic digestion (AD). During AD, methane gas is produced that can be captured and used for energy generation. The required long residence times limit the throughput of an AD plant but further development may result in increasing the rates of bioreactions. This paper introduces current AD practices and identifies possible synergies between AD and WTE. It is suggested that co-siting of WTE and AD facilities may result in mutual benefits.

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Gasification and Landfilling for Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7032
Author(s):  
Angelika Sita Ouedraogo ◽  
Robert Scott Frazier ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Impact

Disposal of municipal solid wastes (MSW) remains a challenge to minimize its impacts on the environment and human health. Landfilling, currently the most common method used for MSW disposal, occupies land space and leads to soil and air emissions. Gasification, an alternative MSW disposal method, can convert waste to energy, but can also lead to soil and air emissions and is a more extensive operation. In this study, life cycle assessments (LCA) of the two disposal methods (landfilling without energy recovery and gasification) were compared to understand impacts on environment and health. The LCA was conducted following the ISO 14040 standards with one ton of MSW as the functional unit. The life cycle inventory was obtained from published journals, technical reports, LandGEM, HELP and GREET database. The impact assessment was done using TRACI 2.1 and categorized into eight groups. The LCA revealed that landfilling is a higher contributor in global warming, acidification, smog formation, eutrophication, ecotoxicity and human health cancer and non-cancer categories. The negative environmental impacts of MSW landfilling can be primarily attributed to the fate of leachate loss and landfill gas, while those of the MSW gasification can be attributed to the disposal of its solid residues.

Environmental aspects of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and of solid agricultural wastes

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Edelmann ◽  
U. Baier ◽  
H. Engeli
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Biogenic Waste

In order to obtain more detailed information for better decision making in future biogenic waste treatment, different processes to treat biogenic wastes in plants with a treatment capacity of 10,000 tons of organic household wastes per year as well as agricultural codigestion plants were compared by life cycle assessments (LCA). With the tool EcoIndicator, anaerobic digestion is shown to be advantageous as compared to composting, incineration or a combination of digestion and composting, mainly because of a better energy balance. The management of the liquid manure in agricultural codigestion of organic solid wastes causes increased gaseous emissions, which have negative effects on the LCA, however. It is recommended to cover the slurry pit and to use an improved manure management in order to compensate for the additional gaseous emissions. In the LCAs, the quality of the digester output could only be taken into account to a small extent; the reasons are discussed.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Landfill Gas Generation in Kakia Landfill, Makkah

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Osra ◽  
Huseyin Kurtulus Ozcan ◽  
Jaber S. Alzahrani ◽  
Mohammad S. Alsoufi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Makkah City

In many countries, open dumping is considered the simplest, cheapest, and most cost-effective way of managing solid wastes. Thus, in underdeveloped economies, Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are openly dumped. Improper waste disposal causes air, water, and soil pollution, impairing soil permeability and blockage of the drainage system. Solid Waste Management (SWM) can be enhanced by operating a well-engineered site with the capacity to reduce, reuse, and recover MSW. Makkah city is one of the holiest cities in the world. It harbors a dozen of holy places. Millions of people across the globe visit the place every year to perform Hajj, Umrah, and tourism. In the present study, MSW characterization and energy recovery from MSW of Makkah was determined. The average composition of solid waste in Makkah city is organic matter (48%), plastics (25%), paper and cardboard (20%), metals (4%), glass (2%), textiles (1%), and wood (1%). In order to evaluate energy recovery potential from solid waste in Kakia open dumpsite landfill, the Gas Generation Model (LandGEM) was used. According to LandGEM results, landfill gas (methane and carbon dioxide) generation potential and capacity were determined. Kakia open dump has a methane potential of 83.52 m3 per ton of waste.

Integrated Management of Solid Wastes for New York City

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Energy Plant

This report presents the results of a study that examined alternatives to landfilling the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of New York City. Detailed characterization of the wastes led to their classification, according to materials properties and inherent value, to “recyclable”, “compostable”, “combustible”, and “landfillable”. The results showed that the present rates of recycling (16.6%) and combustion (12.4%) in New York City can be increased by a) implementing an automated, modern Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) that separates the blue bag stream to “recyclables” and “combustibles”, and b) combusting the non-recyclable materials in a Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facility. Combustion of wastes to produce electricity is environmentally much preferable to landfilling. An advanced technology for combustion is that used in a modern Waste-to-Energy plant (SEMASS, Massachusetts) that processes 0.9 million metric tons of MSW per year, generates a net of 610 kWh per metric ton of MSW, recovers ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and has lower emissions than many coal-fired power plants.

scholarly journals Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Kechaou ◽  
E Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Aeration

The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept,  similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Waste Potential in TPST Bantargebang Through Modified Triangular Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Budiman R Saragih ◽  
Sri R H Siregar ◽  
Adi Surjosatyo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Triangular Method

The landfill gas technology has been implemented in some landfill in urban area of Indonesia. Bantargebang integrated waste treatment (TPST Bantargebang) is the first landfill completed with energy recovery facility, landfill gas technology. TPST Bantargebang power plant established in 2010 and supplied electricity to grid. The electrical energy supplied tend to decrease and only reaches 2.4 GWh in 2017. Energy potential is important to evaluated for knowing the performance of TPST Bantargebang power plant. By using Modified Triangular Method, obtained the results that the electricity energy potential equal to 4.5 GWh. The calculation also estimate the emission reduction potential about 4325.88 tCO2/year, and economic potential from sales of electricity about 3.7 billion rupiah.

scholarly journals A review on strategies to optimize metabolic stages of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes towards enhanced resources recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin N. Richard ◽  
Askwar Hilonga ◽  
Revocatus L. Machunda ◽  
Karoli N. Njau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractRecently, there are increased efforts by municipals and researchers to investigate the potential of utilizing municipal solid wastes (MSW) for resources recovery. In many parts of developing countries, MSW is mostly collected for disposal with little emphasis on resources recovery. However, the MSW has high organic and moisture contents, and are suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion (AD) process to recover biogas for energy and digestate which can be used as fertilizers or for soil amendments. Resources recovery from the AD process consists of four metabolic stages; hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. These metabolic stages can be affected by several factors such as the nature of substrates, accumulation of volatile fatty acids, and ammonia inhibition. In this review, different optimization strategies towards resources recoveries such as pre-treatment, co-digestion, trace elements supplementation, optimization of key parameters and the use of granular activated carbon are discussed. The review reveals that the currently employed optimization strategies fall short in several ways and proposes the need for improvements.

Combating Corrosion in WTE Facilities: Theory and Experience

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Hsiu Lee ◽  
Nickolas J. Themelis ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
System Designer ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Near Future

In boilers that use municipal solid wastes as fuel, metal wastage due to corrosion and erosion and tube fouling due to the buildup of deposits present serious problems to the system designer and operator. This study examines the corrosion mechanisms in Waste-To-Energy (WTE) boilers and summarizes the findings of a corrosion survey of several WTE facilities and of interviews with senior engineers in the WTE industry. In addition, this study examines the existing methods of reducing corrosion that are adopted in WTE plants. Finally, the study proposes experimental research on corrosion resistant materials to be carried in the near future.

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