scholarly journals Microfluidic Organ Chip for In Vitro Model of Blood Glucose Monitoring and Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 04029
Author(s):  
Yingqiang Wu ◽  
Guo Wu ◽  
Pengcheng Fu ◽  
Meng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Diabetic Treatment ◽  
Near Future

This study is based on our iGEM (international genetically engineered machine) 2019 competition project in which an in vitro model was established to simulate the human monitoring and regulation of blood glucose level using the “liver-on-a-chip” and a genetically engineered bacterium capable of producing proinsulin efficiently. The microfluidic device is able to accommodate cellular chassis loaded with biological parts for diabetic treatment. In addition, electrochemical biosensors were designed to detect the differential glucose concentration from the both chambers of the organ chip. The model can test different chemicals and organs, when the components in the channels and cells are altered. We have thus accomplished an in vitro model of how the proinsulin generated by engineered bacteria works on liver cells. In the near future, our research paradigm will be shifted to bacterial implantation in the human intestines to replace pancreas for the automatic secretion of insulin for diabetic patients.

Platelets and Endothelial Cells Act in Concert to Delay Thrombolysis – Evidence from an In Vitro Model of the Human Occlusive Thrombus

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (03) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Jerome ◽  
S. Handt ◽  
R. R. Hantgan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

SummaryThe molecular and cellular mechanisms that over a period of hours render a human thrombus progressively resistant to fibrinolysis have been probed with a novel in vitro model. The kinetics of clot formation and fibrinolysis were monitored by laser light scattering with platelet-rich model thrombi contained in cylindrical flow chambers. In selected experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were also cultured to confluence on the inner walls of these “glass blood vessels”. Following an “aging” period (0.5, 2 or 4 h), each thrombus was gently perfused with a bolus of plasminogen/recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to induce fibrinolysis. Platelets delayed lysis of 2 h-aged thrombi by ~70% and (non-stimulated) endothelial cells by ~30%, compared to cell-free control clots. However, even greater lytic delays (~260%) resulted when both vascular cells were present in the same 2 h-aged thrombus. In contrast, rapid lysis was consistently achieved with R298E,R299E t-PA, a genetically engineered plasminogen activator that is insensitive to inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. These observations suggest platelets and endothelial cells act in concert to enrich the fibrin scaffold of an aging human thrombus in plasminogen activator inhibitor. We propose that the presence of both platelets and endothelial cells may contribute to progressive thrombolytic resistance.

Indole as a new tentative marker in exhaled breath for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring of diabetic subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Fink ◽  
Tim Maihöfer ◽  
Jeffrey Bender ◽  
Jochen Schulat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is the most important part of diabetes management. In classical BGM, glucose measurement by test strips involves invasive finger pricking. We present results of a clinical study that focused on a non-invasive approach based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Main objective was the discovery of markers for prediction of blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Exhaled breath was measured repeatedly in 60 diabetic patients (30 type 1, 30 type 2) in fasting state and after a standardized meal. Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to sample breath every 15 minutes for a total of six hours. BGLs were tested in parallel via BGM test strips. VOC signals were plotted against glucose trends for each subject to identify correlations. Exhaled indole (a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan) showed significant mean correlation to BGL (with negative trend) and significant individual correlation in 36 patients. The type of diabetes did not affect this result. Additional experiments of one healthy male subject by ingestion of lactulose and 13C-labeled glucose (n=3) revealed that exhaled indole does not directly originate from food digestion by intestinal microbiota. As indole has been linked to human glucose metabolism, it might be a tentative marker in breath for non-invasive BGM. Clinical studies with greater diversity are required for confirmation of such results and further investigation of metabolic pathways.

The Impact of Fasting in Ramadan on Metabolic and Anthropometric Indices in Trained Type ΙΙ Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebe Yazdanyar ◽  
Mehrnoush Sohrab ◽  
Atena Ramezani ◽  
Zahra Kashi ◽  
Parastoo Karimi Ali Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Ramadan Fasting

Abstract Background: Fasting has certain effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in diabetic patients. It is, therefore, necessary for patients to receive proper education related to their physical activities, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring, and medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic and anthropometric indices in type ΙΙ diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was performed during Ramadan 2018. The study population consisted of diabetic patients who desired to fast and received information on physical activity, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring, and taking their medications before Ramadan. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar 2-hour postprandial (BS2hpp), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and the lipids profile were assessed before and after Ramadan month. FBS and BS2hpp were also evaluated on the fifteenth day of Ramadan. The significance level for data analysis was considered p<0.05.Results: Out of 40 diabetic cases who completed the study, 6 (15%) were male and 34 (75%) were female. The mean age of participants was 55.2 ± 9.3 years. The anthropometric variables, including weight, BMI, waist, and blood pressure, decreased significantly after Ramadan fasting (p<0.05). FBS decreased significantly (125.1 ± 27.4 vs 105.2 ± 21.4, p<0.0001) and serum triglyceride increased significantly (127.5 ± 45.5 vs 166.5±53.5 mg/dl, p<0.001) after fasting compared to pre-Ramadan measurement. Other variables remained unchanged.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that type II diabetic patients who have controlled blood sugar and received information based on clinical guidelines about their lifestyle and medications can fast safely during the holy month of Ramadan.

scholarly journals VP184 A Cost Analysis Of Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems In Veneto Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
Alessandro Curto ◽  
Marika Torbol ◽  
Anna Cavazzana ◽  
Margherita Andretta ◽  
Giovanna Scroccaro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Medical App ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:A novel, sensor-based, factory-calibrated Flash Monitoring System (FMS) has recently proved to be an effective alternative to conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients affected by type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The 14-days adhesive sensor, that continuously measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid, can transfer glucose levels data to a handheld reader or a smartphone equipped with a specific medical app. The uptake of the new technology has been limited so far, because of its high costs. A cost analysis has been conducted to identify the optimal target population of introducing FSM in Veneto.METHODS:The model was designed with a 1-year time horizon for patients with diabetes using intensive insulin in Veneto region. The costs of the new technology was estimated using inputs from the two main randomized controlled trials (the IMPACT study and the REPLACE study) published in the international literature, Regional evidence-based guidelines and administrative database. Resource utilization included strips, lancets, needles, sensors, distribution and patients training. Regional unit costs were adopted.RESULTS:FSM has not shown so far relevant and statically significant benefits in terms of severe adverse events’ reduction. Estimated yearly costs for a FSM user included glucose monitoring, technology training and distribution costs, for a total of EUR1277 per patient. The new technology has been shown to be affordable in diabetic patients with i) 4years<age<18years, ii) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and iii) ≥5 blood glucose monitoring per day.CONCLUSIONS:The Veneto Region should carefully consider prescribing extension to other diabetic patients categories, since the high cost of the new technology. A strict prescribing monitoring is strongly recommended with the aim of ensuring appropriateness and avoiding overspending.

Design of Automatic Insulin Dosage Indicator for Diabetic Patients Using BMI

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi R ◽  
Saravanakumar S
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and chronic health disease. It occurs in all age group of people, especially in adults and aged persons. It is important to measure blood glucose level frequently for the diabetes affected persons which in need to determine the appropriate insulin dosage. Along with this, the continuous glucose monitoring is vital to know whether the glucose level is in normal range. The conventional method used to measure the glucose level in blood is invasive which is infectious and a painful process. Nowadays, the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods are widely used. In this work, the blood glucose level is measured non-invasively using IR sensor. Besides that, the indication of insulin dosage to be taken is done by determining blood glucose concentration (non- invasively) and comparing it with Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patient. The implementation is based on the variations in the intensity of the IR LED, BMI and blood density. Themethod ismore reliable than the invasive techniques.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Nanoscale Insulin Delivery System

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ling Liao ◽  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Fan Lei ◽  
Yaou Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Nanoscale Material ◽  
Insulin Delivery System

Insulin injection relies on strict blood glucose monitoring. However, existing techniques and algorithms for blood glucose monitoring cannot be completed in a timely way. In this study, we have developed a new intelligent glucose-sensitive insulin delivery system to stabilize blood glucose levels in the body. This system does not require real-time detection of blood glucose. First, we successfully synthesized a nanoscale material called PAM-PAspPBA-b-PEG by using chemical methods. We then conducted TEM, DLS, and 1H-NMR analyses to characterize the physicochemical properties, such as size, molecular composition, and configuration of the nanomaterial. We verified the glucose responsibility of the insulin loading nanoscale material in vitro and evaluated its safety and effect on mice in vivo. Results showed that insulin-loaded PAM-PAspPBA-b-PEG is glucose-sensitive, safer and more effective than regular insulin injection. This study provides a basis for future development of smart insulin delivery systems.

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