scholarly journals Quantitative Models of Fungi Interaction--based on Logistic models

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04044
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
The Us ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Fungal Traits ◽  
Us Forest Service

As the key medium for decomposing wood fibers, fungi play a vital role in promoting the carbon cycle. The purpose of this paper is to establish mathematic models describing the process of fungi decomposing litter and wood fiber. The paper comprehensively consider the effects of temperature, moisture, location and other factors on fungal traits, and introduced the experimental data of the US Forest Service Center for Forest Mycology Research (CFMR).Based on the model of competition among populations and the modern coexistence theory, this paper establishes the competitive model between two fungi, then generalizes it to a variety of fungi and predicts the short-term and long-term effects.

Disruptive Soft Law and Post-Crisis US Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham L. Newman ◽  
Elliot Posner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Interaction

Chapter 6 examines the long-term effects of international soft law on policy in the United States since 2008. The extent and type of post-crisis US cooperation with foreign jurisdictions have varied considerably with far-reaching ramifications for international financial markets. Focusing on the international interaction of reforms in banking and derivatives, the chapter uses the book’s approach to understand US regulation in the wake of the Great Recession. The authors attribute seemingly random variation in the US relationship to foreign regulation and markets to differences in pre-crisis international soft law. Here, the existence (or absence) of robust soft law and standard-creating institutions determines the resources available to policy entrepreneurs as well as their orientation and attitudes toward international cooperation. Soft law plays a central role in the evolution of US regulatory reform and its interface with the rest of the world.

Insulin Glargine and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Du ◽  
Rihua Zhang ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jinmei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Aims Recently, more and more attention has been drawn on the long-term effects of insulin glargine. Here we strived to estimate the association of cancer occurrence with the use of insulin glargine. Methods We searched all the publications regarding the association between cancer occurrence and the use of insulin glargine using the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed database. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending upon the degree of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cancer occurrence had no significant difference in glargine-treated patients compared to patients treated with other insulins (RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.69–1.07, p=0.17, Pheterogeneity <0.00001). In our subgroup analysis, glargine, compared to other insulins, did not increase the risk of breast cancer (RR=1.14, 95% CI=0.65–2.02, p=0.65, Pheterogeneity=0.002), prostate cancer (RR=1.00, 95% CI=0.79–1.26, p=0.99, Pheterogeneity=0.78), pancreatic cancer (RR=0.57, 95% CI=0.14–2.35, p=0.44, Pheterogeneity=0.0002) and gastrointestinal cancer (RR=0.80, heterogeneity 95% CI=0.62–1.02, p=0.07, Pheterogeneity=0.86). Conclusions This meta-analysis of open-label studies does not support an increased cancer risk in patients treated with insulin glargine. The result provides confidence for the development of insulin glargine, but needs confirmation by further clinical studies.

Effect of the delignification of wood fibers on the mechanical properties of wood fiber–polypropylene composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 4759-4763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinaghi Karimi ◽  
Saleh Nazari ◽  
Ismaeil Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Tajvidi ◽  
Ghanbar Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Polypropylene Composites

scholarly journals Thermal insulation properties of green vacuum insulation panel using wood fiber as core material

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3339-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baowen Wang ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xinglai Qi ◽  
Nairong Chen ◽  
Qinzhi Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Core Material ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Total Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
Vacuum Insulation Panel

Wood fibers were prepared as core materials for a vacuum insulation panel (VIP) via a dry molding process. The morphology of the wood fibers and the microstructure, pore structure, transmittance, and thermal conductivity of the wood fiber VIP were tested. The results showed that the wood fibers had excellent thermal insulation properties and formed a porous structure by interweaving with one another. The optimum bulk density that led to a low-cost and highly thermally efficient wood fiber VIP was 180 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. The bulk density of the wood fiber VIP was 200 kg/m3, with a high porosity of 78%, a fine pore size of 112.8 μm, and a total pore volume of 7.0 cm3·g-1. The initial total thermal conductivity of the wood fiber VIP was 9.4 mW/(m·K) at 25 °C. The thermal conductivity of the VIP increased with increasing ambient temperature. These results were relatively good compared to the thermal insulation performance of current biomass VIPs, so the use of wood fiber as a VIP core material has broad application prospects.

scholarly journals Teaching Future Educators During a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Jacquelynne Anne Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Higher Education Institutions ◽  
K 12

While schools are the center of attention in many regards throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, programs that prepare educators have not received nearly as much attention. How has the reliance on technology, shifts in daily norms with health precautions, and other pandemic-related changes affected how colleges and universities are preparing teachers for their careers? This article walks the reader through the pandemic, from spring 2020, when the virus first shut down the US in most ways, to the winter of 2021. The authors, two educator preparation faculty members from both public and private higher education institutions in Massachusetts, reflect on their experiences navigating the challenges and enriching insights the pandemic brought to their work. Considerations for future implications for the field of teacher-preparation are delineated to think about the long-term effects this pandemic could have on higher education and K-12 education.

scholarly journals The Federal Reserve Banks New Monetary Policy Tool

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
David Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Federal Reserve Bank ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
Demand Deposit

The Federal Reserve Bank (FED) plays a vital role in the US economy. The roles and functions of the Fed are discussed here. This paper also offers an explanation of the traditional tools the Fed uses to conduct monetary policy. Open market operations are explained. The important role of the discount rate is discussed. The legally required reserve ratios are also explored. This author believes that the Fed has recently created a new tool. This tool is the payment of interest on demand deposit accounts at the Fed. This new tool is explained and its ramifications explored. The functions of monetary policy are also expanded upon in this paper.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alternative Substrates and Fertilizer Regimes for the Nursery Cultivation of Phyllostachys pubescens (Carrière) J. Houz.

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
Federica LARCHER ◽  
Luca BATTISTI ◽  
Walter GAINO ◽  
Marco DEVECCHI
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Coconut Fibers

The economic importance of the bamboo cultivation in Asia is well known, but the recent rise of interest in Europe required more deep studies on growing techniques. Among the bamboo species, the Phyllostachys pubescens (Carrière) J. Houz. is appreciated for its multiple uses: landscaping, timber and shoots production. In order to identify the best and sustainable combination of substrates and fertilization regimes, a nursery experimental trial was performed in 2016. Eight treatments (four substrates and two fertilization regimes) with 256 young plantlets divided into four randomized blocks were evaluated. The substrates used were: 40% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% pumice (standard substrate, S1); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 10% rice husk, 20% pumice (S2); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% rice husk, 10% pumice (S3); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% wood fibers, 10% pumice (S4). The two fertilization regimes were: 1.6 g l-1 (A) and 0.8 g l-1 (B) NPK (16-11-10) Osmocote Exact®. All substrates were supplemented with a fungal inoculum (2.5 g l-1) and corrected with 2.5 × 10-3 g l-1 of CaCO3. The number of culms and leaves and the SPAD values of six plants of each blocks were monthly measured. Fresh and dry weights, before and after cultivation was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed. Results showed that rice husk should be used only in low percentage, but wood fiber can be more suitable for bamboo cultivation. The combination of alternative materials and low fertilization regimes (S1_B and S4_B) should be the key for a more sustainable cultivation for potted Phyllostachys pubescens in Europe.

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy of Wood Fiber Materials Using Phosphorus-Modified Wheat Starch

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebke ◽  
Katrin Thümmler ◽  
Rodolphe Sonnier ◽  
Sören Tech ◽  
André Wagenführ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Starch Derivatives ◽  
Fiber Materials

Biopolymer-based flame retardants (FR) are a promising approach to ensure adequate protection against fire while minimizing health and environmental risks. Only a few, however, are suitable for industrial purposes because of their poor flame retardancy, complex synthesis pathway, expensive cleaning procedures, and inappropriate application properties. In the present work, wheat starch was modified using a common phosphate/urea reaction system and tested as flame retardant additive for wood fibers. The results indicate that starch derivatives from phosphate/urea systems can reach fire protection efficiencies similar to those of commercial flame retardants currently used in the wood fiber industry. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of fire protective phosphates (up to 38 wt.%) and nitrogen groups (up to 8.3 wt.%). The lowest levels of burning in fire tests were measured with soluble additives at a phosphate content of 3.5 wt.%. Smoldering effects could be significantly reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers. The industrial processing of a starch-based flame retardant on wood insulating materials exhibits the fundamental applicability of flame retardants. These results demonstrate that starch modified from phosphate/urea-systems is a serious alternative to traditional flame retardants.

scholarly journals Exploring relationships among recall effectiveness indicators in the US meat and poultry industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Yu ◽  
Neal H. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Food Recalls ◽  
Completion Times

Food recalls need to balance speed and completeness, consumer and firm interests and thus meet managerial and social goals. Effective recalls play a vital role in protecting public health and reducing economic consequences. This paper develops a simultaneous equation model to explore the relationships among three effectiveness indicators; discovery time, completion time and recovery rate. A three-stage least square estimator is applied to control for endogeneity among these indicators. The results suggest that higher recovery rates are associated with shorter discovery times. Longer discovery times led to longer completion times. Longer completion times elicited higher recovery rates. Recalls with high risk to human health had shorter discovery times but longer completion times and lower recovery rates. Recalls issued by large plants had shorter discovery times. Large recalls and national distribution channels negatively impacted discovery times. Compared to other stakeholders, government agencies took longer to discover the problem leading to a recall.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document