scholarly journals Past, present, and future perspectives on the governance of waste household appliances in China: A 20-year review based on CiteSpace analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Huiying Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Household Appliances ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Micro Level

This study offers a systematic review of the research on the treatment of waste household appliances in China in the past 20 years. A total of 1123 related articles were selected from the CNKI database from 1998 to 2020 to sort out the hot spots, evolution and frontier trends. The results show that: (1) In the past 20 years, the research on waste household appliances in China has followed the development path of “society-technology-human”, gradually evolving from the macro level to the micro level, and the research in the field of waste household appliances governance has begun to take shape. (2) With the increasing enrichment of research methods and the continuous expansion of research ideas, the research topic breaks through the boundaries of single theory and discipline, and reverse logistics, closed-loop supply chain, recycling behavior, recycling and dismantling technology, etc. have become research hotspots. (3) From the initial study of the management experience of developed countries to the study of recycling management with Chinese characteristics, China’s “Internet + recycling” model is ahead of the international level and has become the latest research hotspot.

scholarly journals Exploring plasticity in the development path of the automotive industry in Baden-Württemberg: the role of combinatorial knowledge dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Strambach ◽  
Benjamin Klement
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Dynamics ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Gradual Transformation

AbstractProfound insights into why some regional paths remain dynamic over several decades while others follow a bumpy road and become stuck in the past are still scarce. This paper addresses this gap by contributing to a deeper understanding of dynamics within territorial paths. It focuses on organizational and institutional changes connected with so-called combinatorial knowledge dynamics. We claim that especially innovations based on the transversal combination of separated knowledge bases are connected to the gradual transformation, recombination or creation of institutions at the microlevel. This contribution explores the dynamics within the automotive industry of Baden-Württemberg by providing a meso-level overview of the trajectory of its technological and institutional development as well as an analysis of a case study that illustrates the gradual institutional change on the micro-level in the course of knowledge combination.

scholarly journals Health and Housing for Urban Poor in India Post Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sufficient Space

The COVID-19 pandemic has built a troublesome new standard for everybody through shelter-in-place systems and physical and social distancing guidelines. Yet for billions of urban underprivileged, certain guidelines aren’t merely troublesome; they’re radically impracticable. Social and physical distancing is a severely significant acknowledgement to the pandemic COVID-19 however, it additionally implies that occupants must have sufficient space, services and social security nets to sustain such an order. It is candidly not the fact over cities in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Health facilities and services are deficient in terms of the transition from state to local level causing negligence of slum areas at global to micro-level. These dwellers of slums area accustomed to unhygienic and un-sanitized environment much on a regular basis. Majority of slums are vastly located near urban centers i.e. in and around in economically less developed countries, experiencing urbanization at a greater rate compared to more developed countries. Many countries often lack the ability to provide infrastructure like roads, affordable housing, basic services like water, sanitation etc., sufficiently for in-fluxing people in the cities due to urbanization creating a big concern for the country. Health policies need to consider equity and social justice for urban poor in order to equally uplift them in the society. The paper deals with the issues faced by the urban poor in India and the programs and policies that had been issued over time during the past which could not suffice to positively impact the downfalls of these people. The paper also highlights the health conditions of these urban poor and the areas where it has been lacking behind. The pandemic has caused the nation to come to a halt but the urban poor having no such privilege to comply with the situation are forced to thrive in degrading conditions. The research paper will help figure out trigger areas for downfall of these inhabitants of the nation and formulate strategies to counteract the same in post COVID-19 situation

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

A summary of beach nourishment in China: The past decade of practices

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Gen Liu ◽  
Feng Cai ◽  
Hongshuai Qi ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Urban Beaches

Beach nourishment has been widely used for beach protection around the world. However, there is limited information about beach nourishment in China. This study offers an overview of beach nourishment practices, status and technological advances in China, based on the literature, reports, and personal communications. The results demonstrate that beach nourishment has been recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly measure to combat coastal erosion and has been increasingly adopted in China, especially in the past decade. The unique characteristics of coastal China resulted in a difference in beach nourishment between China and Western developed countries in terms of the types, objectives, and shapes of beach nourishment. For the types of nourishments in China, there were approximately the same number of restored beaches and newly constructed beaches. For fill sediment, homogeneous fill and heterogeneous fill comprised 51.1% and 48.9% of projects, respectively. The objective of beach nourishment was mainly to promote coastal tourism, and the shape of nourished beaches was dominated by headland bays. This study also indicated that China has achieved a number of technological advances in beach nourishment, including methods of beach nourishment on severely eroded coasts and muddy coasts, an optimized design of drain pipes involved in urban beaches, and ecological design considerations. From the past decade of practices, four aspects were proposed as considerations for future nourishment: sand sources, technique advances, ecological effects, and management of beach nourishments.

scholarly journals China’s Preschool Education Toward 2035: Views of Key Policy Experts

2021 ◽  
pp. 209653112110127
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Beibei Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Chuchu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Development Concept

Purpose: 2020 is the concluding year of the basic preschool education popularization policy in China and marks the beginning of China’s Education Modernization 2035. This study focuses on the top-level design and the prospect of the development plan of China’s preschool education toward 2035. Design/Approach/Methods: The research method adopted is expert interview. We interviewed 11 experts, including policymakers, educational administrators, scholars, and practitioners in the education. Findings: To develop China’s preschool education, we need to integrate macro-level, meso-level, and micro-level contents: focusing on public welfare as the development concept, furthering the reform of the educational system and mechanism, making quality improvement the plan’s key goal, and forming a new preschool education development mode with Chinese characteristics. Originality/Value: This study hopes to clarify the focus to have an impact on China’s preschool education toward 2035. It also aims to provide suggestions about preschool education development for other countries.

Performance Assessment Study of Indian Railways – Case of Low Efficiencies in Large Government Monopoly

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110255
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi S. Roy ◽  
Mukul Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Financial Losses

Indian Railways is the world’s largest government-owned monopoly, annually carrying passenger numbers that surpass the global population. It is world’s fourth largest rail network after the U.S.A., China, and Russia, and is managed by a separate Ministry of Railways. The operating ratios have consistently been around 90% in the past several years, indicating that that the capability to generate operational surplus is low. Further, its expenditure on staff and their pensions has been increasing. Consequently, capacity growth is increasingly being funded through borrowings, which threatens to further worsen the financial situation. Thus, railway services in India are often perceived as being inefficient and unsatisfactory. However, this perception of inefficient services has no scientific basis as mid- and micro-level efficiency analyses of Indian Railways have never been carried out. This paper adopts a data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based approach to evaluate the performance efficiencies of the 69 divisions of Indian Railways. Six models that deploy a range of performance indicators like operating expenditures, numbers of staff employed or passengers carried, freight carried, rail network length, and revenues generated have been employed to assess efficiencies. The results demonstrate the existence of significant inefficiencies that may possibly be attributed to lack of proper management, planning policies, and mis-governance, resulting in significant financial losses. The paper discusses these issues and the policy reforms needed in the developing country context, while suggesting some reforms that may lead to improved sector performances.

scholarly journals IoT based Smart Passenger Surveillance System for Airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
T. P.Deepa ◽  
Dr Pradeepa.P
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Airport security system is mandatory in all developing and developed countries. The major threat to any country’s economy, health and development is targeted and transported via airports which are evident from the past historical examples. The developments in Science and Technology have improved the methods of surveillance but failed to address few key health issues including privacy. The main objective of this paper is to develop a smart IOT based surveillance systems that is implemented in airport in smart screening without causing any unpleasant disturbances to the passengers. This paper makes use of the recently developed smart sensors, Tiva processor from Texas instruments connected via IOT and cloud and a remote station to effectively secure the airport area and overcoming all the real time challenges. 

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective Method to Identify Relevant Sets of Variables in Complex Systems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Gianluca D’Addese ◽  
Martina Casari ◽  
Roberto Serra ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
High Level

In many complex systems one observes the formation of medium-level structures, whose detection could allow a high-level description of the dynamical organization of the system itself, and thus to its better understanding. We have developed in the past a powerful method to achieve this goal, which however requires a heavy computational cost in several real-world cases. In this work we introduce a modified version of our approach, which reduces the computational burden. The design of the new algorithm allowed the realization of an original suite of methods able to work simultaneously at the micro level (that of the binary relationships of the single variables) and at meso level (the identification of dynamically relevant groups). We apply this suite to a particularly relevant case, in which we look for the dynamic organization of a gene regulatory network when it is subject to knock-outs. The approach combines information theory, graph analysis, and an iterated sieving algorithm in order to describe rather complex situations. Its application allowed to derive some general observations on the dynamical organization of gene regulatory networks, and to observe interesting characteristics in an experimental case.

PREVALENCE OF PREGNANCY AND ABORTION RATES AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN ALMATY

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
А.Б. Мукашева ◽  
М.Ш. Шарипова ◽  
Д.Н. Маханбеткулова ◽  
А.Б. Смажан
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Republican Center

Актуальность. Беременность и аборты, которые отрицательно сказываются на репродуктивном здоровье и качестве жизни подростков, могут стать серьезной проблемой для репродуктивного потенциала следующего поколения. По мнению многих отечественных исследователей, аборт и ранняя беременность неблагоприятны для девочек-подростков, так как могут не только привести к потенциальным осложнениям для здоровья, но и вызвать серьезные психологические проблемы. Цель исследования. Определить частоту распространенности показателей подростковой беременности и абортов за 2016-2020 гг. по г. Алматы Результаты и обсуждение. По данным Республиканского центра электронного здравоохранения в Алматы, была проведена оценка распространенности беременности и абортов среди подростков за последние пять лет (2016-2020 гг.). Выводы. Анализ показателей беременности и абортов среди девочек-подростков 15-17 лет в Алматы за период 2016-2020 годов показал, что они имеют умеренную тенденцию к снижению. Хотя показатель беременностей в 2020 году составляет 5,8, он выше, чем в развитых странах, таких как Япония и Южная Корея. Pregnancy and abortion, which negatively affect the reproductive health and quality of life of adolescents, can be a serious problem for the reproductive potential of the next generation. According to many domestic researchers, abortion and early pregnancy are unfavorable for adolescent girls, as they can not only lead to potential health complications, but also cause serious psychological problems. Purpose of the study. To determine the frequency of prevalence rates of teenage pregnancy and abortion for 2016-2020. in Almaty Results and discussion. According to the Republican Center for eHealth in Almaty, an assessment was made of the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion among adolescents over the past five years (2016-2020). Findings. Analysis of pregnancy and abortion rates among adolescent girls aged 15-17 years in Almaty for the period 2016-2020 showed that they have a moderate downward trend. Although the pregnancy rate in 2020 is 5.8, it is higher than in developed countries such as Japan and South Korea.

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