GENDER IMBALANCE AMONG DONORS IN LIVING KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: THE KAZAKHSTAN EXPERIENCE

This article examines the roles of men and women in living-organ kidney transplantation and provides indepth analysis of an issue by considering alternative perspectives. The main purpose of an article is to identify the roles of women and men during donor-recipient interactions in living-organ kidney transplantation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article is based on the theories of Alice Eagle about ‘culture and biology interconnection mechanism’ and Sylvia Walby about the ‘Patriarchy system’. In terms of resources, statistical data from RSE on PCV "Republican center for coordination of transplantation and high-tech medical services" of the Ministry of health Of the Republic of Kazakhstan, database of the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and data related to the donors and recipients from Hospital №7 in Almaty between 2012 and 2016 have been used. The paper considers the importance of gender equality in living-organ kidney transplantation and presents the possible ways of reslving a problem.

Structure of somatic diseases among youth in the Republic of Tajikistan and their range by sex

Aim. To study the structure of the morbidity of young people with somatic diseases according to the data on admittance.Material and methods. The research materials are based on data from the Republican Center for Medical Statistics and Information of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan and reports of the youth medico-advisory departments of the Health Centers.Results and discussion. In total, 58103 people contacted YMAD in all regions of Tajikistan over two years (2018- 2019), including 18070 boys (31,1%) and 40033 girls (68,9%). Somatic diseases were revealed in 1030 cases among boys (55,1%) and in 840 cases - among girls (44,9%). Among the main somatic diseases among young people, the most common are diseases of the urinary tract (35,3%; endocrine diseases (24,1%); anemia (17,6%); helminthic invasions (14,4%); diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (10,2%). The combination of two or more of the listed diseases was observed in young men in 71,4% of cases, and in young women in 28,6 cases.Conclusions. Thus, the data shows a low level of the somatic health index of young people, which undoubtedly affects the quality of life and creates an unfavorable background for the realization of reproductive function in the future. Chronic somatic diseases contribute to the discussion of the quality of life of young people in the physical and emotional spheres.

Peculiarities of forming human resources in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of reforms

Aim. To analyze trends in the number and structure of physicians in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of healthcare reform.Materials and methods. The sources of information were the official data of the Republican Center for Statistics and Medical Information, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan (MoHSP), departments of science, medical and pharmaceutical education, and the personnel department of the MoHSP, and other regulatory legal documents.Results and discussion. In 2019 there were 19,268 doctors active in the health sector, which is 20.7 doctors per 10,000 population. In 2019, there were only 76 private health facilities (WHO, 2020).Conclusions. The even geographic distribution of health workers appears to be one of the challenges in improving access to healthcare in Tajikistan.

PREVALENCE OF PREGNANCY AND ABORTION RATES AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN ALMATY

Актуальность. Беременность и аборты, которые отрицательно сказываются на репродуктивном здоровье и качестве жизни подростков, могут стать серьезной проблемой для репродуктивного потенциала следующего поколения. По мнению многих отечественных исследователей, аборт и ранняя беременность неблагоприятны для девочек-подростков, так как могут не только привести к потенциальным осложнениям для здоровья, но и вызвать серьезные психологические проблемы. Цель исследования. Определить частоту распространенности показателей подростковой беременности и абортов за 2016-2020 гг. по г. Алматы Результаты и обсуждение. По данным Республиканского центра электронного здравоохранения в Алматы, была проведена оценка распространенности беременности и абортов среди подростков за последние пять лет (2016-2020 гг.). Выводы. Анализ показателей беременности и абортов среди девочек-подростков 15-17 лет в Алматы за период 2016-2020 годов показал, что они имеют умеренную тенденцию к снижению. Хотя показатель беременностей в 2020 году составляет 5,8, он выше, чем в развитых странах, таких как Япония и Южная Корея. Pregnancy and abortion, which negatively affect the reproductive health and quality of life of adolescents, can be a serious problem for the reproductive potential of the next generation. According to many domestic researchers, abortion and early pregnancy are unfavorable for adolescent girls, as they can not only lead to potential health complications, but also cause serious psychological problems. Purpose of the study. To determine the frequency of prevalence rates of teenage pregnancy and abortion for 2016-2020. in Almaty Results and discussion. According to the Republican Center for eHealth in Almaty, an assessment was made of the prevalence of pregnancy and abortion among adolescents over the past five years (2016-2020). Findings. Analysis of pregnancy and abortion rates among adolescent girls aged 15-17 years in Almaty for the period 2016-2020 showed that they have a moderate downward trend. Although the pregnancy rate in 2020 is 5.8, it is higher than in developed countries such as Japan and South Korea.

Clinical-electroneuromyographic characteristics of the patients with duchenne/becker's progressive muscular dystrophy in Uzbekistan

We examined 106 patients with a diagnosis of Duchenne / Becker progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), selected in the group of those who applied to the Republican Center for Screening of Mother and Child with various hereditary neuromuscular diseases. Based on the analysis of pedigrees, clinical manifestations and paraclinical research methods, the features of the clinical polymorphism of this disease in Uzbekistan were studied.

REPUBLICAN CENTER FOR TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS AND MINE-EXPLOSIVE INJURIES: 3 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT

Objective. To evaluate the results of organizational measures for improving the efficiency of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries. Methods. The study is based on an analysis of the work of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries and includes patients (n=54) who were treated from November 1, 2016 to October 31, 2019. Gunshot wounds were detected in 42 patients (77.8%). Explosive trauma was detected in 12 patients (22.2%). The most common causes of injuries were personal carelessness (20 cases (37.0%)), carelessness of others (16 cases (29.6%)), suicidal attempts (9 cases (16.6%)). In accordance with the purpose of the survey, three equal time intervals (three periods) each being equal to one year were studied. The following indicators were analyzed: the number of patients, the time from the moment of injuring to hospitalization, the type of patient’s transportation, the quality of surgical care at the hospitalization stages. Results. Implementation of the proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the number of patients hospitalized into the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries during the third year of work by 66.7% and 78.6%, respectively, compared with the previous time intervals. The frequency of hospitalization of patients within 24 hours after receiving an injury increased from 66.7% to 72.7%, and among patients who are not military personnel - from 45.5% to 69.2%. The proportion of errors in the treatment of patients with gunshot wounds and explosive injuries decreased by 34.0%. Conclusion. The proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the efficiency of the Republican Center for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries. In the future, it is advisable to continue close cooperation with healthcare organizations and to improve the regulatory framework for the treatment of gunshot wounds of various localization. What this paper adds The paper presents the results of the analysis of three-year work of the RepublicanCenter for the treatment of gunshot wounds and mine-explosive injuries.Realization of the proposed organizational measures allowed increasing the number of hospitalized patients, shortening the period from injury to hospitalization, and reducing the number of errors in patient care.

Incidence of brucellosis in the Republic of Dagestan in 2019

BACKGROUND: Currently, brucellosis continues to pose a serious problem for public health and agriculture in Russia. In 2019, the number of Russian cases of bovine brucellosis increased by 14%, and the number of first-time identified poor points for small cattle brucellosis increased by 52%. Epizootics of the disease are registered mainly in North Caucasus and Southern Federal districts, and the maximum number of newly detected brucellosis in humans is recorded in the Republic of Dagestan (RD). AIMS: This study aimed to present the characteristics of brucellosis incidence in the RD in 2019 and optimization of preventive measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used state information on the incidence of brucellosis, mechanisms, ways, factors of pathogen transmission, and epidemic control activities of the infection in 2019 in the RD, provided by the S.M. Magomedov Republican Center of Infectious Diseases, Prevention and Fight Against AIDS and the Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance of the RD. Statistical and epidemiological research methods were applied. RESULTS: In 2019, 163 new cases of brucellosis were registered in the RD, which was 52 (+47%) cases more than those in the same period in 2018, and the number of new cases of chronic brucellosis significantly increased (p 0.05). Individuals aged 41 years were more likely to get sick, patients were predominantly men (n = 135, 82.8%), rural residents accounted for 84.2%, and 56.1% were owners of personal livestock. Brucellosis was registered in 40 territories of the RD. The incidence rate was six times higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In humans, the source of infection was sheep and goats in 58.8% and cattle in 41.2% of cases. The main factor in the persistently high incidence of brucellosis in the RD was unsatisfactory examination and specific prevention among cattle, goats, and sheep. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the epizootological and epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the RD should be considered unstable at present. With respect to the future of the brucellosis situation in the RD, the incidence of brucellosis in animals and humans will depend on the completeness of the implementation of plans for disease prevention.

Mass artificial famine of 1921–1923 in Donetsk province

The study is dedicated to the centenary of the mass artificial famine of 1921–1923. Attention is focused on the development of the process in the territory of Donetsk province, which was one of the officially recognized starving. The chosen topic is relevant because to date it has not yet received comprehensive scientific coverage. On the basis of published and archival sources, a gradual exacerbation of the food crisis is shown. The statistical evidence on crops and harvests of Donetsk province are presented, confirming the natural component of hunger. At the same time, the artificiality of hunger was noted as a result of the seizure of grain for the tax in kind and the needs of the starving Volga region. The position of the head of the communist regime regarding the food situation in the region is given. The author focuses on the fact that neither the provincial nor the republican center initiated preventive measures to avoid the spread of famine to the entire region. The question of recognizing the province as a victim was raised by starving workers because of the instability of the centralized food supply of the „all-Union stoker”. The official recognition of the Donetsk province as a victim became the basis for the introduction of measures to combat hunger. The sources of obtaining bread for Donbas are considered as well. The role of Ukrainian agricultural provinces and foreign aid are emphasized. Various methods of filling the reserves of the committees to help the hungry were indicated – from a voluntary donation to a compulsory share contribution. Compared to the situation of the workers, the peasants suffered more from hunger. Rural districts of the north and south of the province were considered as food self-sufficient. This confirms their non-recognition of the famine in 1922-1923. To survive, the peasants put up passive and active resistance, which was a reaction to the internal policies of the regime, in particular taxation with compulsory confiscation of food. Analysis of the worked-out sources allows us to conclude that the Donetsk province suffered greatly from hunger and only thanks to its status received assistance. This partially reduced the effects of famine that was an artificially created catastrophe by the communist regime.

Assessment of Managers’ Attitude to the Strategic Potential of Organizations

The aim of the study: Determine the managers’ understanding of the strategic potential of organizations. Methods. As part of the study of the organization, a questionnaire was conducted among of the heads of structural divisions of RSE on REM «Republican center for health development» of MOH RK. Results. Based on the results of the study, the main functions of the organization were identified, which can potentially be the main strength of the enterprise. It also determined the readiness of managers to change and the ability of the organization to function without the support of the supervising state body. Conclusions. Organizational managers are willing and able to lead change in the organization. The readiness for change should facilitate the strategic choice of the organization with the alternative of incremental improvement.