scholarly journals Lessons learned from COVID-19 outbreaks profile in combination with pathology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03069
Author(s):  
Ruizhe Liu ◽  
Enqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Health It ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which may lead to severe respiratory infection. Since December 2019, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The virus has been spread worldwide, and many countries are still struggling with disease control. Therefore, this revision would provide experience accumulated and the lessons learned by China in the pandemic. The current work reviewed the basic information about COVID-19 in the aspects of pathology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and the major pandemic outbreaks in China. By summarizing and analyzing the measurements taken by the Chinese government and their corresponding outcomes on public health, it determined the progress made on the policies and their efficiency in the control of pandemics. With the sharing of these lessons, other countries can learn from establishing the COVID-19 surveillance system in China that would support their struggle on domestic public health.

scholarly journals A Public Health Systems View of Risk Communication About Zika

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Tara Kirk Sell ◽  
Sanjana J. Ravi ◽  
Crystal Watson ◽  
Diane Meyer ◽  
Laura E. Pechta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Disease Response

Objectives The spread of Zika virus throughout Latin America and parts of the United States in 2016 and 2017 presented a challenge to public health communicators. The objective of our study was to describe emergency risk communication practices during the 2016-2017 Zika outbreak to inform future infectious disease communication efforts. Methods We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 13 public health policy makers and practitioners, 10 public information officers, and 5 vector-control officials from May through August 2017. Results Within the public health macro-environment, extended outbreak timeframe, government trust, US residence status, and economic insecurity set the backdrop for Zika communication efforts. Limited resources, staffing, and partnerships negatively affected public health structural capacity for communication efforts. Public health communicators and practitioners used a range of processes and practices to engage in education and outreach, including fieldwork, community meetings, and contact with health care providers. Overall, public health agencies’ primary goals were to prevent Zika infection, reduce transmission, and prevent adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions Lessons learned from this disease response included understanding the macro-environment, developing partnerships across agencies and the community, and valuing diverse message platforms. These lessons can be used to improve communication approaches for health officials at the local, state, and federal levels during future infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Ecological theory to enhance infectious disease control and public health policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Smith ◽  
Andrew P. Dobson ◽  
F Ellis McKenzie ◽  
Leslie A. Real ◽  
David L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Infectious Disease Control

scholarly journals International infectious disease surveillance during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012: process and outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jones ◽  
J Lawrence ◽  
L Payne Hallström ◽  
J Mantero ◽  
H Kirkbride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Travel Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paralympic Games

Surveillance for possible international infectious disease threats to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, United Kingdom, was conducted from 2 July to 12 September 2012 by a collaborative team comprising representatives from the Health Protection Agency (Public Health England since April 2013), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the National Travel Health Network and Centre. Team members enhanced their usual international surveillance activities and undertook joint risk assessments of incidents identified as relevant through an agreed set of criteria designed for the Games and using tools developed for this purpose. Although team members responded to a range of international disease incidents as part of their routine roles during this period, no incident was identified that represented a threat to the Games. Six incidents were highlighted by the team that were likely to attract media attention and hence could generate political and public concern. Responding to such concern is an important aspect of the overall public health management of mass gathering events. The lessons learned about the process and outcomes of the enhanced international surveillance will help inform planning by future hosts of similar events.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-641
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
State Health ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

Course on Tuberculosis: A course on Tuberculosis Today will be offered six times during 1971 by the U.S. Public Health Services Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. The course is intended for health workers who are responsible for the management and control of tuberculosis, and for those responsible for providing teaching or training in the fields of tuberculosis or infectious disease. No fees are charged for these courses. Application forms can be obtained from State Health Departments, HEW Regional Offices, or the Tuberculosis Branch, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.

scholarly journals Workshop: Sharing best practices and building effective training at European points of entry

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The World

Abstract Infectious diseases can spread all over the world due to the transportation of people and goods through ships, aircrafts and vehicles. During the transportation on board of conveyances (ships, aircrafts, trains, buses), diseases can spread from person-to-person, by infected food or water or through vectors. The same can happen when travelers pass through points of entry (PoE) such as: ports, airports and ground-crossings. To properly prevent and respond to public health events at PoE, designated ports, airports and ground-crossings core capacities for PoE are dictated in the IHR (2005), which should be in place at all designated PoE. According to the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data, the IHR core capacities implementation at designated PoE at the European WHO region is 64%. In order to support countries with this implementation, exchange among countries of effective, legalized practices in accordance with IHR (2005), the so-called best practices, can be of important help. Besides the goal to improve mere capacity, professionals in charge of communicable diseases at PoE should be prepared to respond to public health events and prevent cross-border spread. Education, training and exercises are common ways to achieve this, but demand extensive expertise, time and financial means. As part of a EU Joint Action, a collective training program for designated PoE is being developed, to share efforts and resources, and to help countries better respond to public health events. However, regarding this training, many questions are still unanswered. What is effective training for public health events at designated PoE, and what components and methodology should it contain. What are the specific training needs of these people? What competencies should they have? What can we learn from previous trainings and what are best practices for designated PoE? The aim of this workshop is to provide a step-by-step overview of all elements that are essential to improve capacity and develop and organize effective training program for event management at designated points of entry in Europe. This study was funded by the European Union’s Health Programme (2014-2020). Key messages Extensive and long-term evaluation of training and exercising regarding infectious disease control at points of entry is needed, in order to design effective trainings and facilitate core capacities. Collection and dissemination of best practices in infectious disease control at points of entry, facilitate the challenging task of IHR core capacity implementation.

scholarly journals Financing of Immunization Programs by Local Government Units in Poland as an Element of Health Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anna Augustynowicz ◽  
Mariola Borowska ◽  
Katarzyna Lewtak ◽  
Jacek Borowicz ◽  
Michał Waszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Aggregate Information

Introduction: The scope and schedule of immunization in Poland is regulated by the Immunization Programme prepared and announced by the State Sanitary Inspector. There are two kinds of vaccines: compulsory vaccines, financed by the state budget at the disposal of the Minister of Health, and vaccines recommended by the central health authorities but financed by local governments within health policy programmes. Compulsory vaccines cover people up to 19 years of age and individuals at higher risk of infections. The public health programmes organized and financed by local governments play an important role in infectious disease control in the country. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse health policy programmes including immunization programmes, which were developed, implemented and financed by local government units of all levels in Poland between 2016 and 2019. Material and Methods: This analysis covers data compiled by voivodes and submitted to the Minister of Health as annual information on public health tasks carried out by local government units. From the aggregate information, data on all health policy programmes conducted by individual local government units between 2016 and 2019, including immunization, were extracted and analysed. The data were obtained pursuant to the provisions of the act on access to public information. Results: In the analysed period, local government units implemented a total of 1737 health policy programmes that financed the purchase of vaccines, qualification tests for immunization and carrying out immunization by authorized medical entities. Among the vast majority of programmes, promotional activities were also implemented. Conclusions: In Poland, local governments are deeply engaged in the immunization of their citizens by organizing and financing specific health care programmes. These programmes are an essential addition to the state financial resources in infectious disease control. This engagement expresses local government maturity regarding the health needs of the population and public health measures. Communes are the most engaged units among all levels of local governments. It is probably due to close mutual communication between the people and local governments. The growing awareness of the important role of HPV immunization in the prevention of cervical cancer among local government units is reflected in the increase in the number of girls vaccinated against HPV and the increase in financial resources allocated for primary HPV prevention. The decrease in the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci may result from including pneumococcal vaccines in the compulsory immunization schedule.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Risk After the Great East Japan Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Mimura ◽  
◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
Hitoshi Oshitani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Infectious disease outbreaks in postdisaster settings provide significant social impact although those outbreaks do not always occur. It is important to assess the potential risks of infectious disease in each setting. The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred March 11, 2011, imposed a huge impact on public health services. After the earthquake and following tsunami, many evacuation centers were sites of crowding as well as poor sanitation conditions because of the large- scale of destruction. Some shelters became sites of infectious disease outbreaks such as influenza and norovirus enteritis, although the size of these outbreaks was quite localized. Improvements in the response to infectious diseases through lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake are expected to be the triggers for improving preparedness for public health emergencies.

Public Health Surveillance System

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Suvashish Kumar Pandey ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Public Health Surveillance System

To guard people against some grave infectious disease, the surveillance system is a key performance measure of global public health threats and vulnerability. The diseases surveillance system helps in public health monitor, control, and prevent infectious diseases. Infectious diseases remain major causes of death. It's important to monitor and surveillance worldwide for developing a framework for risk assessment and health regulation. Surveillance systems help us in understanding the factors driving infectious disease and developing new technological aptitudes with modeling, pathogen determination, characterization, diagnostics, and communications. This chapter discussed surveillance system working, progress toward global public healthy society considering perspectives for the future and improvement of infectious disease surveillance without limited and fragmented capabilities, and making even global coverage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document