scholarly journals Impact of hydrogen injection on thermophysical properties and measurement reliability in natural gas networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Marco Dell’Isola ◽  
Giorgio Ficco ◽  
Linda Moretti ◽  
Alessandra Perna ◽  
Daniele Candelaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressibility Factor ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
The Impact

In the context of the European decarbonization strategy, hydrogen is a key energy carrier in the medium to long term. The main advantages deriving from a greater penetration of hydrogen into the energy mix consist in its intrinsic characteristics of flexibility and integrability with alternative technologies for the production and consumption of energy. In particular, hydrogen allows to: i) decarbonise end uses, since it is a zero-emission energy carrier and can be produced with processes characterized by the absence of greenhouse gases emissions (e.g. water electrolysis); ii) help to balancing electricity grid supporting the integration of non-programmable renewable energy sources; iii) exploit the natural gas transmission and distribution networks as storage systems in overproduction periods. However, the hydrogen injection into the natural gas infrastructures directly influences thermophysical properties of the gas mixture itself, such as density, calorific value, Wobbe index, speed of sound, etc [1]. The change of the thermophysical properties of gaseous mixture, in turn, directly affects the end use service in terms of efficiency and safety as well as the metrological performance and reliability of the volume and gas quality measurement systems. In this paper, the authors present the results of a study about the impact of hydrogen injection on the properties of the natural gas mixture. In detail, the changes of the thermodynamic properties of the gaseous mixtures with different hydrogen content have been analysed. Moreover, the theoretical effects of the aforementioned variations on the accuracy of the compressibility factor measurement have been also assessed.

scholarly journals CFD analysis of the combustion in the BERL burner fueled with a hydrogen-natural gas mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Tommaso Capurso ◽  
Vito Ceglie ◽  
Francesco Fornarelli ◽  
Marco Torresi ◽  
Sergio M. Camporeale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The regulatory restrictions, currently acting, impose a significant reduction of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. After the coal-to-gas transition of the last decades, the fossil fuel-to-renewables switching is the current perspective. However, the variability of energy production related to Renewable Energy Sources requires the fundamental contribution of thermal power plants in order to guaranty the grid stability. Moving toward a low-carbon society, the industry is looking at a reduction of high carbon content fuels, pointing to Natural Gas (NG) and more recently to hydrogen-NG mixtures. In this scenario, a preliminary study of the BERL swirled stabilized burner is carried out in order to understand the impact of blending natural gas with hydrogen on the flame morphology and CO emissions. Preliminary 3D CFD simulations have been run with the purpose to assess the best combination of combustion model (Non Premixed and Partially Premixed Falmelets), turbulence model (Realizable k ɛ and the Reynolds Stress equation model) and chemical kinetic mechanism (GriMech3.0, GriMech 1.2 and Frassoldati). The numerical results of the BERL burner fueled with natural gas have been compared with experimental data in terms of flow patterns, radial temperature profiles, O2, CO and CO2 concentrations. Finally, a 30% hydrogen in natural gas mixture has been considered, keeping fixed the thermal power output of the burner and the global equivalence ratio.

scholarly journals The effect of hydrogen on the physical properties of natural gas and the metrological characteristics of its metering systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. A. Stetsenko ◽  
S. D. Nedzelsky ◽  
V. A. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Compressibility Factor ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Given the promise of the concept of using a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas as an energy source, studies were conducted in the following areas: determination of the effect of hydrogen impurities on the physical properties of natural gas; study of the effect of adding hydrogen to natural gas on the metrological characteristics of its consumption metering systems. To solve these problems, the following was carried out: determination of the dependence of the physical parameters of natural gas on the percentage of hydrogen in its composition: determination of the permissible fraction (permissible concentration) of hydrogen in natural gas in modern gas transmission and gas consuming systems. study of the effect of hydrogen additions on the metrological characteristics of measuring instruments and gas commercial metering systems. To conduct objective research and modeling, natural gas samples having different component composition were prepared. An analysis of the physical properties of these gases was carried out — their physical parameters were calculated: adiabatic index and sound velocity, density, compressibility factor, higher calorific value and Wobbe number. Based on these samples, modeling was performed — the physical parameters of the gases were calculated by adding hydrogen at different concentrations (from 2 to 23 %). Based on the research results, the following conclusions are made: When hydrogen is added to natural gas in an amount of from 2 to 10 %, the physical parameters of the resulting mixture change slightly (within acceptable limits), therefore, the addition of hydrogen to natural gas in an amount of up to 10 % allows the use of existing gas transmission and gas-consuming systems without any reconstructions, improvements, changes in algorithms for calculating the physical parameters of the gas mixture and calculating (volume) volumetric flow for commercial accounting. The impact on gas meters of consumers will be within the acceptable ranges of accuracy and repeatability and, therefore, will not require the cost of updating the meters. The addition of up to 25 % hydrogen by volume does not require a radical new technology of burners and gas transmission systems. Safety will not be compromised by adding 25 % hydrogen by volume to the natural gas network. Changes in the physical properties in the gas mixture have a number of disadvantages, but, in the aggregate, they do not pose any additional safety risk. The addition of hydrogen in a volume of more than 25 %, as well as the use of the mixture at high pressures, requires additional research and the development of new algorithms.

scholarly journals Perspectives of energetic exports of Russia in terms of development of the renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Elena Andreeva ◽  
Alla Golovina ◽  
Victoria Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy

The changes in the sphere of the main energy sources in the world and in individual countries were highlighted; the prospects for Russian energy carriers in the global hydrocarbon market were identified. The demand for an energy carrier whose use in Germany is planned to be discontinued (coal) and the demand and competition for natural gas - Russian energy carrier that remains competitive in the conditions of “green” energy were analyzed. The Russian opportunity to save the energy supply market on the background of the new energy order are considered.

scholarly journals Studies of the Impact of Hydrogen on the Stability of Gaseous Mixtures of THT

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6441
Author(s):  
Anna Huszal ◽  
Jacek Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Odorant Molecule ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrogen Additive

One of the most important requirements concerning the quality of natural gases, guaranteeing their safe use, involves providing the proper level of their odorization. This allows for the detection of uncontrolled leakages of gases from gas networks, installations and devices. The concentration of an odorant should be adjusted in such a manner that the gas odor in a mixture with air would be noticeable by users (gas receivers). A permanent odor of gas is guaranteed by the stability of the odorant molecule and its resistance to changes in the composition of odorized gases. The article presents the results of experimental research on the impact of a hydrogen additive on the stability of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) mixtures in methane and in natural gas with a hydrogen additive. The objective of the work was to determine the readiness of measurement infrastructures routinely used in monitoring the process of odorizing natural gas for potential changes in its composition. One of the elements of this infrastructure includes the reference mixtures of THT, used to verify the correctness of the readings of measurement devices. The performed experimental tests address possible changes in the composition of gases supplied via a distribution network, resulting from the introduction of hydrogen. The lack of interaction between hydrogen and THT has been verified indirectly by assessing the stability of its mixtures with methane and natural gas containing hydrogen. The results of the presented tests permitted the identification of potential hazards for the safe use of gas from a distribution network, resulting from changes in its composition caused by the addition of hydrogen.

scholarly journals Simulation of Coupled Power and Gas Systems with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7680
Author(s):  
Yifei Lu ◽  
Thiemo Pesch ◽  
Andrea Benigni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Impact

Due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources in the electrical network, the focus on decarbonization has extended into other energy sectors. The gas sector is of special interest because it can offer seasonal storage capacity and additional flexibility to the electricity sector. In this paper, we present a new simulation method designed for hydrogen-enriched natural gas network simulation. It can handle different gas compositions and is thus able to accurately analyze the impact of hydrogen injections into natural gas pipelines. After describing the newly defined simulation method, we demonstrate how the simulation tool can be used to analyze a hydrogen-enriched gas pipeline network. An exemplary co-simulation of coupled power and gas networks shows that hydrogen injections are severely constrained by the gas pipeline network, highlighting the importance and necessity of considering different gas compositions in the simulation.

scholarly journals Net-Metering vs. Net-Billing from the Investors Perspective—Impacts of Changes in RES Financing in Poland on the Profitability of a Joint Photovoltaic Panels and Heat Pump System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mariusz Trela ◽  
Anna Dubel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the impacts of changes in renewable energy sources (RES) financing in Poland on the profitability of coupled photovoltaic panels and heat pump systems. The profitability analysis is conducted with the use of Net Present Value calculation and the return on investment period. The degree of change in profitability of using photovoltaic panels in Poland is dependent on the method of their financing. The analysis is carried out for two different photovoltaic support schemes: (1) the net-metering scheme currently in force in Poland; (2) the net-billing system scheduled for implementation in the year 2022. It is assumed for the analysis that two alternative heating and electricity supply systems for a single-family building will be operated: (a) a standard solution used in Poland consisting of a natural gas-fired boiler for heating and the purchase of electricity from the power grid, (b) an air/water heat pump used to heat the building, and electricity obtained from photovoltaic panels, also used to power the heat pump. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, examining the impact of several key parameters relevant for the profitability of such investments, such as average annual increase in the purchasing or selling prices of electricity, purchasing prices of natural gas, and inflation rate. The conclusions concern the possible consequences of introducing a new support scheme for photovoltaics in Poland. The highest profitability of all considered solutions is for the current scenario for heat pump and pv installation with the capacity to meet the demand in the last year of operation. The introduction of changes in the new RES law (2021) in Poland will reduce the profitability of investments in pv panels, leading to a slowdown in the investments in the pv installations.

scholarly journals Centralized Control of Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4283
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Jose L. Martínez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Impact

Distribution networks were conceived to distribute the energy received from transmission and subtransmission to supply passive loads. This approach, however, is not valid anymore due to the presence of distributed generation, which is mainly based on renewable energies, and the increased number of plug-in electric vehicles that are connected at this voltage level for domestic use. In this paper the ongoing transition that distribution networks face is addressed. Whereas distributed renewable energy sources increase nodal voltages, electric vehicles result in demand surges higher than the load predictions considered when planning these networks, leading to congestion in distribution lines and transformers. Additionally, centralized control techniques are analyzed to reduce the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles and increase their effective integration. A classification of the different methodologies applied to the problems of voltage control and congestion management is presented.

scholarly journals Injection of CO2/N2 gaseous mixtures into gas hydrates to contemporary perform CH4 recovery and CO2 storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08009
Author(s):  
Mirko Filipponi ◽  
Alberto Maria Gambelli ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Andrea Presciutti ◽  
Beatrice Castellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

Carbon dioxide injection into natural gas hydrate reservoirs represents a promising opportunity to predispose a theoretically carbon neutral energy source. This technique allows to replace methane molecules with an equal number of carbon dioxide molecules and, consequently, to balance in advance emissions associated to methane utilization. While the direct CH4/CO2 replacement has been widely investigated, more data and scientific evidences are required to well define the feasibility of recovering methane by replacing it with CO2-based gaseous mixtures. In this sense, the most promising opportunity consists in flue-gas mixtures. In some cases, the presence of nitrogen was found capable to improve the overall efficiency, due to the direct competition between CH4 and N2 molecules to fill small cages characterizing hydrate structures. Moreover, these mixtures are extremely less-expensive than pure carbon dioxide. In this work, a binary CO2/N2 (50/50 vol%) gaseous mixture was used to recover methane contained into hydrate structures. Experiments were carried out in a small-scale experimental apparatus, designed to simulate a natural gas hydrate reservoir and to intervene on it with replacement techniques. Composition of gaseous mixtures present into hydrates and in the gaseous phase present immediately above, where defined via gas-chromatographic analyses. Finally, results were compared with data currently present in literature, in order to validate their consistency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document