scholarly journals Effect of the main active volcanoes on aerosol optical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Rajae Meziane ◽  
Mohammed Diouri ◽  
Abdelmoula Ben-tayeb ◽  
Hanae Steli ◽  
Ouassila Salhi
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Means ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Optical Effects

Processing of the measurements obtained by the AERONET network of the optical parameters characteristic of the atmospheric aerosol carried out makes it possible to compare the optical effects of 2020 volcanic eruptions to those results for 2019 concerning Mexico City and Mauna Loa site. Both the monthly spectral means of AOD and the monthly means of fine and coarse volume concentration show an increase for the months of January and February 2020 (Volcanic eruption period) compared to the same period in 2019 at Mexico City. Those corresponding to Mauna-Loa seem not sensible with very low values. The effects of ashes of the two-studied volcano are very different, led to a low increase in optical depth comparatively to the contribution of anthropogenic aerosol at MexicoCity (low continental spread) and led to a nonsignificate effect at Mauna-Loa (high marine spread).

scholarly journals The Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research Network of China: CARE-China

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyuan Xin ◽  
Yuesi Wang ◽  
Yuepeng Pan ◽  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Zirui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Based on a network of field stations belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Campaign on Atmospheric Aerosol Research network of China (CARE-China) was recently established as the country’s first monitoring network for the study of the spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol physical characteristics, chemical components, and optical properties, as well as aerosol gaseous precursors. The network comprises 36 stations in total and adopts a unified approach in terms of the instrumentation, experimental standards, and data specifications. This ongoing project is intended to provide an integrated research platform to monitor online PM2.5 concentrations, nine-size aerosol concentrations and chemical component distributions, nine-size secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component distributions, gaseous precursor concentrations (including SO2, NOx, CO, O3, and VOCs), and aerosol optical properties. The data will be used to identify the sources of regional aerosols, the relative contributions from nature and anthropogenic emissions, the formation of secondary aerosols, and the effects of aerosol component distributions on aerosol optical properties. The results will reduce the levels of uncertainty involved in the quantitative assessment of aerosol effects on regional climate and environmental changes and ultimately provide insight into how to mitigate anthropogenic aerosol emissions in China. The present paper provides a detailed description of the instrumentation, methodologies, and experimental procedures used across the network, as well as a case study of observations taken from one station and the distribution of main components of aerosol over China during 2012.

scholarly journals Assessing the regional impacts of Mexico City emissions on air quality and chemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3731-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mena-Carrasco ◽  
G. R. Carmichael ◽  
J. E. Campbell ◽  
D. Zimmerman ◽  
Y. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Photolysis Rates ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of Mexico City (MCMA) emissions is examined by studying its effects on air quality, photochemistry, and on ozone production regimes by combining model products and aircraft observations from the MILAGRO experiment during March 2006. The modeled influence of MCMA emissions to enhancements in surface level NOx, CO, and O3 concentrations (10–30% increase) are confined to distances <200 km, near surface. However, the extent of the influence is significantly larger at higher altitudes. Broader MCMA impacts (some 900 km Northeast of the city) are shown for specific outflow conditions in which enhanced ozone, NOy, and MTBE mixing ratios over the Gulf of Mexico are linked to MCMA by source tagged tracers and sensitivity runs. This study shows that the "footprint" of MCMA on average is fairly local, with exception to reactive nitrogen, which can be transported long range in the form of PAN, acting as a reservoir and source of NOx with important regional ozone formation implications. The simulated effect of MCMA emissions of anthropogenic aerosol on photochemistry showed a maximum regional decrease of 40% in J[NO2→NO+O], and resulting in the reduction of ozone production by 5–10%. Observed ozone production efficiencies are evaluated as a function of distance from MCMA, and by modeled influence from MCMA. These tend to be much lower closer to MCMA, or in those points where modeled contribution from MCMA is large. This research shows that MCMA emissions do effect on regional air quality and photochemistry, both contributing large amounts of ozone and its precursors, but with caveat that aerosol concentrations hinder formation of ozone to its potential due to its reduction in photolysis rates.

scholarly journals Radiative forcing of the desert aerosol at Ouarzazate (Morocco)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Abdelouahid Tahiri ◽  
Mohamed Diouri
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

The atmospheric aerosol contributes to the definition of the climate with direct effect, the diffusion and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiations, and indirect, the cloud formation process where aerosols behave as condensation nuclei and alter the optical properties. Satellites and ground-based networks (solar photometers) allow the terrestrial aerosol observation and the determination of impact. Desert aerosol considered among the main types of tropospheric aerosols whose optical property uncertainties are still quite important. The analysis concerns the optical parameters recorded in 2015 at Ouarzazate solar photometric station (AERONET/PHOTONS network, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/) close to Saharan zone. The daily average aerosol optical depthτaer at 0.5μm, are relatively high in summer and less degree in spring (from 0.01 to 1.82). Daily average of the Angstrom coefficients α vary between 0.01 and 1.55. The daily average of aerosol radiative forcing at the surface range between -150W/m2 and -10 W/m2 with peaks recorded in summer, characterized locally by large loads of desert aerosol in agreement with the advections of the Southeast of Morocco. Those recorded at the Top of the atmosphere show a variation from -74 W/m2 to +24 W/m2

Innovative Instrumentation for the Study of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Vera Bernardoni ◽  
Alice C. Forello ◽  
Federico Mariani ◽  
Bruno Paroli ◽  
Marco A. C. Potenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties

Global and amplified land warming trends over the past 40+ years are entirely human-driven.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Haustein
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
The Past

&lt;p class=&quot;p1&quot;&gt;The role of external (radiative) forcing factors and internal unforced (ocean) low-frequency variations in the instrumental global temperature record are still hotly debated. More recent findings point towards a larger contribution from changes in external forcing, but the jury is still out. While the estimation of the human-induced total global warming fraction since pre-industrial times is fairly robust and mostly independent of multidecadal internal variability, this is not necessarily the case for key regional features such as Arctic amplification or enhanced warming over continental land areas. Accounting for the slow global temperature adjustment after strong volcanic eruptions, the spatially heterogeneous nature of anthropogenic aerosol forcing and known biases in the sea surface temperature record, almost all of the multidecadal fluctuations observed over at least the last 160+ years can be explained without a relevant role for internal variability. Using a two-box response model framework, I will demonstrate that not only multidecadal variability is very likely a forced response, but warming trends over the past 40+ years are entirely attributable to human factors. Repercussions for amplifed European (or D-A-CH for that matter) warming and associated implications for extreme weather events are discussed. Further consideration is given to the communications aspect of such critical results as well as the question of wider societal impacts.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals MACv2-SP: a parameterization of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect for use in CMIP6

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn Stevens ◽  
Stephanie Fiedler ◽  
Stefan Kinne ◽  
Karsten Peters ◽  
Sebastian Rast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Aerosol Forcing ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. A simple plume implementation of the second version (v2) of the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology, MACv2-SP, is described. MACv2-SP provides a prescription of anthropogenic aerosol optical properties and an associated Twomey effect. It was created to provide a harmonized description of post-1850 anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing for climate modeling studies. MACv2-SP has been designed to be easy to implement, change and use, and thereby enable studies exploring the climatic effects of different patterns of aerosol radiative forcing, including a Twomey effect. MACv2-SP is formulated in terms of nine spatial plumes associated with different major anthropogenic source regions. The shape of the plumes is fit to the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology, version 2, whose present-day (2005) distribution is anchored by surface-based observations. Two types of plumes are considered: one predominantly associated with biomass burning, the other with industrial emissions. These differ in the prescription of their annual cycle and in their optical properties, thereby implicitly accounting for different contributions of absorbing aerosol to the different plumes. A Twomey effect for each plume is prescribed as a change in the host model's background cloud-droplet population density using relationships derived from satellite data. Year-to-year variations in the amplitude of the plumes over the historical period (1850–2016) are derived by scaling the plumes with associated national emission sources of SO2 and NH3. Experiments using MACv2-SP are performed with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. The globally and annually averaged instantaneous and effective aerosol radiative forcings are estimated to be −0.6 and −0.5 W m−2, respectively. Forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions (the Twomey effect) offsets the reduction of clear-sky forcing by clouds, so that the net effect of clouds on the aerosol forcing is small; hence, the clear-sky forcing, which is more readily measurable, provides a good estimate of the total aerosol forcing.

scholarly journals Lalinet status - station expansion and lidar ratio systematic measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 09002
Author(s):  
Eduardo Landulfo ◽  
Fabio Lopes ◽  
Gregori Arruda Moreira ◽  
Jonatan da Silva ◽  
Pablo Ristori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiation Transfer ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Lidar Ratio ◽  
Transfer Models

LALINET is expanding regionally to guarantee spatial coverage over South and Central Americas. One of the network goals is to obtain a set of regional representative aerosol optical properties such as particle backscatter, extinction and lidar ratio. Given the North-South extension and influence of distinct airmass circulation patterns it is paramount to distinguish these optical parameters in order to gain better perfomance in radiation transfer models. A set of lidar ratio data is presented.

scholarly journals Status and future of Numerical Atmospheric Aerosol Prediction with a focus on data requirements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Benedetti ◽  
Jeffrey S. Reid ◽  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Sara Basart ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Operational Models ◽  
Operational Activities

Abstract. Numerical prediction of aerosol particle properties has become an important activity at many research and operational weather centres due to growing interest from a diverse set of stakeholders, such as air quality regulatory bodies, aviation and military authorities, solar energy plant managers, providers of climate services, and health professionals. The prediction of aerosol particle properties in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models faces a number of challenges owing to the complexity of atmospheric aerosol processes and their sensitivity to the underlying meteorological conditions. Errors in aerosol prediction concern all processes involved in the aerosol life cycle. These include errors on the source terms (for both anthropogenic and natural emissions), errors directly dependent on the meteorology (e.g., mixing, transport, scavenging by precipitation), as well as errors related to aerosol chemistry (e.g., nucleation, gas-aerosol partitioning, chemical transformation and growth, hygroscopicity). The main goal of current research on aerosol forecast consists in prioritizing these errors and trying to reduce the most important ones through model development and data assimilation. Aerosol particle observations from satellite and ground-based platforms have been crucial to guide model development of the recent years, and have been made more readily available for model evaluation and assimilation. However, for the sustainability of the aerosol particle prediction activities around the globe, it is crucial that quality aerosol observations continue to be made available from different platforms (space, near-surface, and aircraft) and freely shared. This white paper reviews current requirements for aerosol observations in the context of the operational activities carried out at various global and regional centres. Some of the requirements are equally applicable to aerosol-climate research. However, the focus here is on the global operational prediction of aerosol properties such as mass concentrations and optical parameters. Most operational models are based on bulk schemes that do not predict the size distribution of the aerosol particles. Others are based on a mix of bin and bulk schemes with limited capability to simulate the size information. However the next generation of aerosol operational models will have the capability to predict both mass and number density which will provide a more complete description of the aerosols properties. A brief overview of the state-of-the-art is provided with an introduction on the importance of aerosol prediction activities. The criteria on which the requirements for aerosol observations are based are also outlined. Assimilation and evaluation aspects are discussed from the perspective of the user requirements.

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