scholarly journals Utilization of the dethridge wheel as a low head power generator and loss analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Dan Mugisidi ◽  
Oktarina Heriyani ◽  
Rizal Andi Luhung ◽  
Moh. Ramdani Dwi Andrian
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Water Wheel

Utilization of low head flow water has long been used to generate power by using water wheels and low head turbines. Dethridge wheel which is usually used as a tool to measure the flow of water has also been studied its potential to become hydro power generation. Therefore, this study aims to compare performance between overshot Dethridge wheel and undershot Dethridge wheel. For this purpose, a small scale channel for the operation of a water wheel is equipped with a digital flow meter, a pump that has a debit of up to 25 l/s, a pony brake for a torque meter, and an inverter to adjust the flow rate by changing the pump rotation. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, UHAMKA in Jakarta, Indonesia. Flow rates vary from 5 to 11 l/s with head of 10 cm and 537 cm. The efficiency of undershot and overshot, at the peak, are 21% and 18%, respectively.

scholarly journals Critical parameters in the production of ceramic pot filters for household water treatment in developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. A. Soppe ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
I. Gensburger ◽  
A. Shantz ◽  
D. van Halem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pore Sizes

The need to improve the access to safe water is generally recognized for the benefit of public health in developing countries. This study's objective was to identify critical parameters which are essential for improving the performance of ceramic pot filters (CPFs) as a point-of-use water treatment system. Defining critical production parameters was also relevant to confirm that CPFs with high-flow rates may have the same disinfection capacity as pots with normal flow rates. A pilot unit was built in Cambodia to produce CPFs under controlled and constant conditions. Pots were manufactured from a mixture of clay, laterite and rice husk in a small-scale, gas-fired, temperature-controlled kiln and tested for flow rate, removal efficiency of bacteria and material strength. Flow rate can be increased by increasing pore sizes and by increasing porosity. Pore sizes were increased by using larger rice husk particles and porosity was increased with larger proportions of rice husk in the clay mixture. The main conclusions: larger pore size decreases the removal efficiency of bacteria; higher porosity does not affect the removal efficiency of bacteria, but does influence the strength of pots; flow rates of CPFs can be raised to 10–20 L/hour without a significant decrease in bacterial removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Overview of hydropower resources and development in Uganda

AIMS Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1320
Author(s):  
Vincent Katutsi ◽  
◽  
Milly Kaddu ◽  
Adella Grace Migisha ◽  
Muhumuza Ezra Rubanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Total Capacity

<abstract> <p>Even though hydropower plants are currently the most dominant source of electricity in Uganda, the rate of development of these resources for power generation remains low. Using a semi-systematic review approach, this paper seeks to understand why there is a slow rate of hydropower development in Uganda (challenges) and thereby provide potential solutions to these challenges. With current total capacity of about 1011 MW, findings indicate that there is a higher future prospect for hydropower generation in Uganda, with an estimated potential of over 4500 MW. In terms of number of projects, small-scale hydropower plants dominate power plants in Uganda, currently accounting for 19 out of 35 grid-connected power plants. However, with 855 MW installation capacity, large hydropower plants dominate the power generation plants landscape in Uganda. This study found that the challenges to hydropower development in this country are multi-dimensional including technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, and shows that the cross-cutting challenge is lack of human capacity that possess adequate skills to handle hydropower projects in the country. Furthermore, this study discussed practical solutions to address the identified problems facing hydro power in Uganda.</p> </abstract>

Ensuring Explosion Safety of the Mine Methane Flow Meter during Operation, as well as at Primary and Periodic Calibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
K.M. Abramson ◽  
◽  
Ya.Zh. Baysagov ◽  
D.I. Bozhko ◽  
I.A. Monakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Metrological Support ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Methane Flow

At the mines where hazardous and threatening with sudden outburst emissions coal seams are developed, it is required to conduct a current forecast of the coal seams outburst hazard, which is based on an estimate of methane consumption from the control drill holes. Previously, the gas flow rate was measured using PG2-MA and IG-1 pressure gauges. Pressure gauges have some significant drawbacks. Their capillaries are regularly clogged with coal dust coming out from the control drill hole, which results in distortion of the measurement results. Pressure gauges do not register measured flow rate values, they do not have compensation for temperature errors. Metrological support is developed for pressure gauges that reduces the forecast accuracy and reliability. For eliminating above shortcomings, the development of modern mine methane flow meters was conducted based on the hot-wire measurement principle with electronic processing of the measured information. Cross-sectional area of the flow meter primary sensor is dozens of times larger compared to the pressure gauges, therefore the coal dust does not clog the gas path. The temperature error is automatically corrected. High-speed response ensures recording the real dynamics of gas release from the control drill hole. Several additional service functions are implemented. For electronic flow meters, the metrological support is developed and certified in accordance with the established procedure, including a method for checking the device with clean air (instead of methane) and an exemplary installation. Due to special circuitry solutions, the explosion-proof design of the CoalAwakeningBeast device with the type of protection «intrinsically safe electrical circuit» is provided, which is confirmed by the results of testing the flowmeter in the laboratories of MakNII and VostNII. Industrial tests conducted at the mines in four coal-mining basins confirmed the functionality of the device. In the Karaganda Technical University based on the development of Scientific and technical producer's cooperative NTPK Microclim (Karaganda, Kazakhstan), preparations are being made for a small-scale production of CoalAwakeningBeast flow meters.

Basic Study for Micro Pump Using Electroosmotic Flow

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamio Fujiwara ◽  
Akinori Kamiya ◽  
Osami Kitoh ◽  
Tatsuo Ushijima
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Electroosmotic Flow ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Smoluchowski Equation ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Micro Pump ◽  
Gap Width

The characteristic features of electroosmotic flow have been studied to obtain important information for applying the flow to a micro pump as a driving device. Here, an electroosmotic flow of water was generated in a donut channel constructed by a gap between two parallel donut-shaped glass plates. The flow rate was measured in relation to the applied voltage, the gap width of the channel, the pressure gradient and the properties of the fluid. The experimental results were compared with a theoretical equation of electroosmosis, the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation, which predicts that the electroosmotic flow rate is proportional to the applied voltage as well as to the gap width. The Electroosmotic flow rate increased linearly with the applied voltage. however, there appeared some particular voltage ranges of nonlinear relation unlike the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The water properties (the conductivity and the kinds of impurities included) had a great influence on the electroosmotic flow rate characteristics including the degree of non-linearity and even the flow direction. The cause of these phenomena has not been clarified. It is conjectured that the zeta potential of the glass-water interface was altered by the applied electric field. It is confirmed that the electroosmotic flow rate is proportional to the gap size of the channel. When a pressure gradient existed in the direction of the electroosmotic flow, the total flow rate was given as a sum of the flow rates of the electroosmotic and Poiseuille flows. These findings provide important information for micro pumps. For measuring the electroosmotic flow rate, we developed a micro flow meter consisting of a capillary and two fine wires. This flow meter makes it possible to measure a flow rate the order of 1×10−3 mm3/sec (= 1 nl/sec) and has a potential ability to measure even much smaller flow rates.

scholarly journals Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo ◽  
Mosè Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Operating Strategies

The use of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs) to replace hydraulic turbines as energy-recovery units in industrial and civil applications is widening the penetration of hydropower in small-scale plants. PaTs show advantages in terms of installation costs and the availability of solutions. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) represent a potential application where PaTs can be installed to recover water-pressure energy. In this work, a MATLAB©–Simulink model of a WDN branch located in South-Tyrol (Italy) was developed. The flow rate of the WDN was assessed though a measurement campaign showing high daily variability, which negatively affect PaT performance. To let the machine operate close to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), four different operating strategies were studied to meet the constraint of a fixed pressure equal to 4 bar downstream the WDN branch, required to supply water to users. A PaT speed control strategy was implemented, granting better exploitation of flow rates even in the presence of high daily fluctuations. Energy recovery was 23% higher than that of the reference thanks to an advanced strategy based on controlling PaT rotational speed when the flow rate is smaller than that of the design, and operating in off-design conditions when flow rate is higher than that of the BEP.

PENGARUH PITCH SUDU TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN ULIR

KURVATEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Harianto harianto Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Incline Angle ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Turbine Output

Abstrak                Sumber tenaga air dengan head  rendah di Indonesia masih banyak yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga perlu dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan secra optimal. Salah satu turbin yang mampu bekerja pada head  rendah adalah turbin ulir. Banyak parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja turbin ulir, di antaranya adalah jumlah sudu, jumlah lilitan, jarak antar sudu,  sudut kemiringan, dan debit. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui harga parameter-parameter tersebut pada kondisi kinerja optimalnya.             Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui pengaruh pitch sudu , kemiringan sudu dan laju aliran air masuk terhadap putaran, daya output dan efisiensi turbin ulir. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap suatu model turbin ulir dengan dengan diameter luar ulir (d0) 10,10 cm, ulir tunggal ,  dan panjang ulir 43 cm, dengan variasi sudut kemiringan antara 100 sampai 450, variasi laju aliran air 84 l/menit, 95 l/menit dan 105 l/menit,dan variasi  jarak antar sudu (p) 2 cm, 3 cm , 4 cm Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh putaran maksimum 240 rpm pada laju aliran air 105 liter/menit ,   sudut kemiringan 20 0,dan pitch sudu 3 cm     menghasilkan daya maksimum 5,558 W dengan efisiensi maksimum sebesar 44,349. Kata-kata Kunci: turbin ulir, head rendah, daya, efisiensi ,pitch   Abstract   Indonesia has many low head hidro power energy  resources that have not been in use yet, so it is needed to be developed and exploited. One of the low head hydro power turbines is Archemedian srew turbine. There are many parameters and variables that influence to the performance of the turbines, such as number and pitch of blades, inclination angle, and flow rate.                The objective of the risearch is to investigate the influences of pitch of blades, inclination angle and flow rate to the turbine output power and turbine eficiency.                The research has been conducted in a 10.1 outside diameter  , 43 cm length  model screw turbine, in which pitch of blades was varied in  2 cm ,3 cm and 4 cm, inclination angle was varied in 10 0 ,150 , 200, 250 , 300, 350 and  45 0 and flow rate was varied in   84 l/min, 95 l/min and 105 l/min.                It is concluded from the research that maximum rotation 240 rpm, maximum power output is 5,558 Watt, maximum eficiency is 44,349 %, and they are reached at 105 l/men flow rate, 20 0  incline angle. and 3 cm pitch blades.  Keywords : screw turbine, low head, power, eficiency, pitch.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Modelling of Small Hydropower Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Omar Sulaiman Abdullah ◽  
Ammar Hatem Kamel ◽  
Wissam Hashim Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Hydropower Stations

Recently, Archimedes screw turbines have been developed to operate as small hydropower stations, because of its reliability to operate with the low head( less than 5 m) and its low cost of design and operation. In the present study, the influence of the flow rate, shaft inclination angle, and the number of blades is studied using physical model and numerical model to determine the performance of Archimedes screw turbine at Ramadi Barrages in Iraq. The physical model was made of stainless steel with the following parameters: (the radius ratio is 0.536, the pitch is 70 mm, the shaft angles are 30? ,35? ,40? ,45?). The experimental work on the physical model is achieved with different flow rates and angles .The results showing that the highest efficiency is 81.4 % At the angle of 35? and the flow rate is 1.12 l/s . The maximum energy obtained is 25.13 w at the angle of 45?, the e flow rate is 2.065 l/s, and the efficiency was 72%. Also the results show that the increase in the number of blades increases the torque and efficiency of the turbine.

scholarly journals STUDI RANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH) PADA ALIRAN SUNGAI CISADANE DI KELURAHAN KERANGGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Novy Hapsari ◽  
Sri Yatmani ◽  
Herbert Rajagoekgoek ◽  
Ratnawati Ratnawati ◽  
Ulfatul Faiza
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Community Service ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Kaplan Turbine ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Energy Community

The need for electricity has increased every year. One of the most popular supply of electrical energy is electrical energy from energy sources flowing and plunging water, called as the Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). Cisadane River is one of the major rivers with length around 80 kilometers and crosses 44 districts in 5 regencies / cities, including desa Kranggan, South Tangerang. Therefore, community service is carried out in an effort to utilize and optimize the flow of the Cisadane river. The Study of PLTMH design for community service program was conducted. Data of river flow, altitude and location of the river flow will be collected so that it can be calculated and observed for the design of PLTMH that best suits the efficiency of the largest electrical energy, which is obtained using the TurbinPro software program. PLTMH planning chose to use a propeller/kaplan turbine because of its low head which is 4 meters. The power generated is 994 kW at a maximum head with an efficiency of 91.2% and a river flow of 52.26 m3/s and at a minimum head of 601 kW with an efficiency of 82.2% and a discharge of 47.56 m3/s. Keywords: electrical energy, community service program, PLTMH, power generation, Kaplan turbine

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document