scholarly journals Influence of forced convection on the evaporation and internal dynamics inside of an array of salt solution droplets

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Rawi ◽  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
High Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Gravity Driven Flow

The effects of a gentle forced air convection on the internal dynamics of an array of multiple pinned sessile salt solution droplets are investigated via fully-coupled transient ALE finite element analysis. Results highlight the competition between the shear-induced circulation within the droplets and the gravity-driven flow in the droplets arising from increasing liquid density in regions of high water evaporation. At low air speeds, gravity effects dominate, resulting in a non-uniform concentration distribution. However, at higher speeds the shear-induced circulation within the droplets becomes sufficient to mix the liquid within the droplets via a 3D flow pattern, resulting in greater concentration uniformity. In addition, the shielding effect of leading droplets on downstream droplets is explored for various air speeds, with results showing differences in average concentration levels.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurements of the Water Evaporation Rate of a Physical Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róbert Turza ◽  
Belo B. Füri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool

Abstract As the number of indoor swimming pools and wellness centers are currently growing, it is necessary to concentrate on the parameters of indoor environments. These parameters are necessary for the design of the HVAC systems that operate these premises. In indoor swimming-pool facilities, the energy demand is large due to ventilation losses from exhaust air. Since water evaporates from a pool’s surface, exhaust air has a high water content and specific enthalpy. In this paper the results of the water evaporation rate measured from swimming pool surfaces at higher thermal water temperatures are described.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM in Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Piotr Prochor ◽  
Żaneta Anna Mierzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Layer ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

In recent years, scientists have defined two main paths for orthopedic implant fabrication: searching for new materials with properties closest to natural bone in order to reduce the stress-shielding effect or creating individually adapted geometry of the implant with the use and Rapid Prototyping methods. Therefore, materials such as PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V selective laser melting (SLM) are of interest. They are defined as materials suitable for implants, however, the knowledge of their bioactivity, a feature which is one of the most desirable properties of biomaterials, is still insufficient. Using Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution, the bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM was assessed, as well as commercial Ti6Al4V as a reference material. Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared and immersed in solutions per period from 2 to 28 days at 37 °C. Optical analysis of the changes on the examined surfaces suggested that right after 2-day crystals with different morphologies were formed on each material. Further analysis of the chemical composition of the altered surfaces confirmed the formation of a calcium phosphate layer on them, however, the Ca/P ratio was slightly different from 1.67. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that both PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM are characterized by appropriate—comparable to Ti6Al4V—bioactivity.

The meiofauna of a flatfish nursery ground

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McIntyre ◽  
D. J. Murison
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
Good Drainage

The meiofauna was studied over a 10-year period on a flatfish nursery ground between the high-water mark and a depth of 10 m below low-water springs.The sediment was well sorted sand, with median diameter from 210 to 279 μ in the intertidal area and 160 to 208 μ in the subtidal. It was composed of medium rounded quartz, with the calcium carbonate content mainly 0·25 to 2·20% by weight. Porosity was 33·39% and the coefficient of permeability ranged from 1·66 to 2·33 × 10–2 cm per sec, indicating good drainage. The sand was usually over 90% water-saturated, and seldom less than 60%. The annual average concentration of particulate organic carbonwas 205 μg/g sand in the intertidal, and 684 μg/g at 5 m depth. Corresponding values for chlorophyll a were 0·75 and 4·50 μg/g.

Asymmetric Shielding Mechanisms in the Mixed-Mode Fracture of a Glass/Epoxy Interface

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Swadener ◽  
K. M. Liechti
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Hydrostatic Stress ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Mixed Mode Fracture ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range

An asymmetric increase in the apparent values of the interfacial fracture toughness with increasing mode II component of loading has been observed by several investigators. In this study, cracks were grown in a steady-state manner along the glass/epoxy interface in sandwich specimens in order to determine the mechanisms responsible for the shielding effect. Finite element analysis using a hydrostatic stress and strain rate dependent plasticity model for the epoxy and a cohesive zone model for the interface shows that plastic dissipation in the epoxy accounts for the asymmetric shielding seen in these experiments which cover a wide range of mode mix. Numerical predictions of normal crack-opening displacements yielded results that were consistent with measured values which were made as close as 0.3 μm from the crack tip.

scholarly journals New prediction method for transient productivity of fractured five-spot patterns in low permeability reservoirs at high water cut stages

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Chuanzhi Cui ◽  
Zhongwei Wu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jingwei Yang ◽  
Yingfei Sui
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fracture Length ◽  
High Water Cut Stage ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

AbstractPredicting the productivity of fractured five-spot patterns in low permeability reservoirs at high water cut stages has an important significance for the development and optimization of reservoirs. Taking the reservoir heterogeneity and uneven distribution of the remaining oil into consideration, a novel method for predicting the transient productivity of fractured five-spot patterns in low permeability reservoirs at high water cut stages is proposed by using element analysis, the flow tube integration method, and the mass conservation principle. This new method is validated by comparing with actual production data from the field and the results of a numerical simulation. Also, the effects of related parameters on transient productivity are analyzed. The results show that increasing fracture length, pressure difference and reservoir permeability correspond to an increasing productivity. The research provides theoretical support for the development and optimization of fractured five-spot patterns at the high water cut stage.

scholarly journals Development of Interlocking Concrete Blocks with Added Sugarcane Residues

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ribeiro ◽  
Tadaaki Uchiyama ◽  
Jun Tomiyama ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Yamashiki
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Bagasse Fiber

The use of sugarcane residues in mortar and concrete is believed to contribute to a reduction of costs and environmental problems, such as the reduction of mining of natural aggregates and incorrect disposal of the sugarcane residues. Bagasse fiber has a high water retention rate and thus may be considered as a countermeasure for urban heat islands. Because of these properties, bagasse fiber and bagasse sand were added into the preparation of the interlocking concrete blocks. An investigation of the flexural strength and the contribution of the sugarcane residues against an urban heat island was made. The results showed that, by adding 2.0% of bagasse fiber and 5.0% of bagasse sand in concrete, the flexural strength and the water retention content increased in comparison to the control composite. Moreover, the surface temperature and the water evaporation rate of the blocks were smaller in comparison to the control composite.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LATERAL FEMORAL WALL THICKNESSES IN INTERTROCHANTERIC HIP FRACTURE TREATED WITH DYNAMIC HIP SCREW

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1940022
Author(s):  
CHENG-CHI WANG ◽  
CHENG-HUNG LEE ◽  
KUN-HUI CHEN ◽  
CHIEN-CHOU PAN ◽  
KUO-CHIH SU
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Dynamic Hip Screw ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Lag Screw ◽  
Hip Screw ◽  
Biomechanical Effect

Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is commonly used for stable-type intertrochanteric hip fractures. The importance of lateral femoral wall has been mentioned while treating intertrochanteric hip fractures with DHS. The aim of this study was mainly to investigate the biomechanical effect of different thickness of lateral femoral wall using finite element analysis (FEA). This study constructed FEA simulation models for five different lateral femoral wall thicknesses, and demonstrated the stress distribution on the femoral bone, the cortical screws, the cancellous bone around the lag screw, and the lag screw. The main results showed that when the DHS is implanted, less stress will be distributed at the implantation site on the femur due to the stress-shielding effect. The stress on the cortical screws will be greater at the junction of the cortical screws and the cortical bone. Intertrochanteric hip fractures with a thinner lateral wall thickness may cause higher stress on the femur after DHS is implanted.

Probabilistic modeling of the water availability in a large surface reservoir in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Hurkmans ◽  
Chris Geerse ◽  
Bastiaan Kuijper ◽  
Durk Klopstra ◽  
Bas de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Open Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Dry Spells

<p>During dry spells, a large part of the Netherlands depends on water from the IJssel lake, a large surface water reservoir. Water is extracted for a number of purposes, such as irrigation, water quality, shipping and drinking water. Besides local precipitation, the main source of water flowing into the lake is the river IJssel; a distributary of the Rhine. During periods of low discharge and low precipitation, water shortages may occur, as the recent summer of 2018 showed. ​We develop a probabilistic model to simulate water availability in the lake during dry spells. We derive marginal distributions of precipitation, open water evaporation, river discharge and water intake from the surrounding region, based on a 101-year simulation of the deterministic Dutch national water model. We assess the plausibility of the resulting extreme tail of the distributions by comparing them to values based on the ECWMF seasonal reforecasting archive, which, when all ensemble members, years and lead times are combined, contains over 4,000 years of data. All correlations between the four terms are modeled using a four-dimensional copula. The resulting distributions of water availability show aggregated water shortages up to extremely dry (return periods in excess of 10,000 years) conditions. Lake level dynamics are, during dry conditions, dominated by high water demand from the surrounding region (caused by lack of local precipitation) and low IJssel river discharges. A coincidence of these two terms causes the most extreme shortages. Because model is conceptually relatively simple, it is able to run a large number of realizations and is potentially highly suitable for, for example, assessment of measure effectiveness.</p><p> </p>

Finite Element Analysis and Design of Cylinder Shell Resonant Density Meter Based on Mechanical Vibration and Fluid-Solid Interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Xiu Mei Sui ◽  
Xiu Wu Sui ◽  
Da Lin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Fuel Density ◽  
Fluid Solid Interaction

In order to solve the problem of choosing vibration mode of the cylinder shell resonating density meter, this paper analysis the dynamics of the resonator by ANSYS. The modal analysis result shows that the transverse n=2 and n=3 all meet the requirement, the fluid-structure interaction result shows that the transverse n=2 is more sensitive to the changing of fuel density than n=3. Final analysis of the influence by temperature and pressure on the vibration frequency shows that the influence by pressure is very little which can be omitted, but the influence by temperature is remarkable and needs to be compensated. The conclusions and methods of finite element analysis can be used for resonant liquid density meter design.

Non-Carcinogenic Risks Induced by Metals in Drinking Source Groundwater of North Jiangsu (China)

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
Qin Yuan Zhu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Ming Zhong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

This study investigated the levels of eight metallic elements in groundwater of 15 tap water treatment plants (TWTPs) located in the North of Jiangsu Province, China during 2007–2009, and evaluated the non-carcinogenic risks posed by the metals. Among the metals, Zn had the highest concentration (105.3 μg L−1), while Pb contributed most (40.3%) to the average hazard index (HI) of 15 TWTPs, followed by Cd (33.8%) and Mn (12.2%). Each metal, except Pb, had an average concentration below the permissible limit of China, WHO, EU and USA. Both hazard quotients of individual metals and HI of total non-carcinogenic risk in each TWTP were lower than 1, indicating that these pollutants provided negligible public health risk for local residents. Non-carcinogenic risks induced by metals showed temporal and spatial variations, revealing that low HIs occurred more frequently in high water seasons, and the three TWTPs of Xinan, Suqian and Biantang had relatively higher HIs.

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