scholarly journals The influence of the nucleus pulposus on the stress distribution in the natural and prosthetic intervertebral disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 07006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Karpiński ◽  
Łukasz Jaworski ◽  
Józef Jonak ◽  
Przemysław Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

The aim of this article was to present the results of a preliminary study on the stress distribution in the lumbar intervertebral disc [IVD] under loads induced during daily activities. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the vertebra and intervertebral disc were introduced. The third and fourth lumbar vertebrae were chosen for the study because they carry considerably higher loads, especially while standing or sitting. The static mechanical analyses using the finite element method (FEM) were conducted for four standard loads reflecting patient’s positions: recumbent, standing, sitting and standing with additional loads, and three models: an intervertebral disc with an inner nucleus pulposus and two prosthetic intervertebral discs, with or without an artificial nucleus. The FEM analysis was performed in the SolidWorks Simulation module on reverse-engineered 3D models of vertebrae and the intervertebral disc, based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans of the patient’s spine, which had been properly processed in Materialise Mimics software and exported to CAD files. The model of the fourth intervertebral disc, placed between third and fourth vertebra, had been additionally modified to include its inner core, the nucleus pulposus.

scholarly journals Early differentation of lamellar structure of the intervertebral disc in staged human embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Witold Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Grzymisławska ◽  
Joanna Łupicka ◽  
Małgorzata Bruska ◽  
Adam Piotrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Lateral Zone ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Dense Zone

Introduction. In the vast literature concerning the development of the intervertebral discs controversies exist as to the period of differentiation and structure of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. These controversies result from different determination of age of the investigated embryos. Aim. Using embryos from departmental collection age of which was established according to international Carnegie staging and expressed in postfertilizational days, the differentiation of the intervertebral discs was traced. Material and methods. Study was performed on 34 embryos at developmental stages 13–23 (32–56 days). Embryos were serially sectioned in sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes. Sections were stained with various histological methods and impregnated with silver.Results. Division of sclerotomes into loose cranial and dense caudal zones (sclerotomites) was observed in embryos aged 32 days (stage 13). The intervertebral disc developed from the dense zone of sclerotome and was well recognized in embryos aged 33 days (stage 14). At the end of fifth week (embryos at stage 15, 36 days) the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus were seen. The annulus fibrosus differentiated into lateral and medial zones. Within the lateral zone cells were arranged into circular rows. These rows were considered as the first stage of laminar structure. In further developmental stages the laminae occupied both zones of the annulus fibrosus.Conclusions. The intervertebral discs develop from the dense zone of the sclerotome which is evident in embryos at stage 13 (32 days). Discs differentiate in embryos aged 33 days, when the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus are recognized. In embryos aged 36 days in the annulus fibrosus circular rows forming laminar arrangement are seen.

scholarly journals Expression of ANGPTL4 in Nucleus Pulposus Tissues Is Associated with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fan-jie Liu ◽  
Liang-yu Xie ◽  
Hua-zhong Li ◽  
Sheng-nan Cao ◽  
Yuan-zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Objective. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), encoding a glycosylated secreted protein, has been reported to be closely related to many kinds of diseases, including diabetes, tumor, and some musculoskeletal pathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of ANGPTL4 in intervertebral disc degeneration and analyze the association of ANGPTL4 expression with Pfirrmann grades. Methods. A total of 162 nucleus pulposus tissues were collected from lumbar intervertebral disc herniation patients undergoing interforaminal endoscopic surgery. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of ANGPTL4 in nucleus pulposus samples. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the association of ANGPTL4 expression with Pfirrmann grades. Results. Based on the clinical data of 162 patients, results showed that Pfirrmann grades were significantly associated with patients’ age ( r = 0.162 , P = 0.047 ) and were not significantly associated with patients’ gender ( P > 0.05 ). RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA ( r = 0.287 , P < 0.05 ) and protein ( r = 0.356 , P < 0.05 ) expressions of ANGPTL4 were both closely associated with Pfirrmann grades. The expression of ANGPTL4 was remarkably increased in the groups of high IVDD Pfirrmann grades. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that ANGPTL4 expression was positively associated with the Pfirrmann grades and the severity of intervertebral disc degeneration. ANGPTL4 may be served as a candidate biomarker for intervertebral disc degeneration.

Effects of Swelling Conditions on the Compressive Properties of Nucleus Pulposus From Bovine Intervertebral Discs

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Korda ◽  
Delphine Perie ◽  
James C. Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
High Water ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Outer Annulus Fibrosus

The intervertebral disc provides flexibility and load support for the spine. It consists of two main regions; the outer annulus fibrosus which is a highly organized collagen matrix and the inner nucleus pulposus which (in a healthy disc) is a proteoglycan rich gelatinous material. The predominant mode of loading on the intervertebral disc is axial compression, which generates hydrostatic pressures within the disc. The high water content of the nucleus plays a major role in supporting these loads. With age and degeneration, the water content of the nucleus changes, and is believed to significantly impact its ability to bear load. The purpose of this study therefore, was to define the effects of swelling conditions (which affect disc hydration) on the material properties of the disc under compressive loading.

Effects of Reloading After Simulated Microgravity on Proteoglycan Metabolism in the Nucleus Pulposus and Anulus Fibrosus of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

Spine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. E734-E740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yasuoka ◽  
Takashi Asazuma ◽  
Kuniaki Nakanishi ◽  
Yasuo Yoshihara ◽  
Atsushi Sugihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Anulus Fibrosus ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

Nucleus Implant Parameters Significantly Change the Compressive Stiffness of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Joshi ◽  
Samir Mehta ◽  
Edward Vresilovic ◽  
Andrew Karduna ◽  
Michele Marcolongo
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Synthetic Material ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Compressive Stiffness ◽  
Lower Back

Nucleus replacement by a synthetic material is a recent trend for treatment of lower back pain. Hydrogel nucleus implants were prepared with variations in implant modulus, height, and diameter. Human lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) were tested in compression for intact, denucleated, and implanted condition. Implantation of nucleus implants with different material and geometric parameters into a denucleated IVD significantly altered the IVD compressive stiffness. Variations in the nucleus implant parameters significantly change the compressive stiffness of the human lumbar IVD. Implant geometrical variations were more effective than those of implant modulus variations in the range examined.

The role of the nucleus pulposus in neutral zone human lumbar intervertebral disc mechanics

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cannella ◽  
Amy Arthur ◽  
Shanee Allen ◽  
Michael Keane ◽  
Abhijeet Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Neutral Zone ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of the lumbar intervertebral disc via T2 shows excellent long-term reliability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249855
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Belavy ◽  
Patrick J. Owen ◽  
Gabriele Armbrecht ◽  
Martin Bansmann ◽  
Jochen Zange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Lower Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Methodologies for the quantitative assessment of the spine tissues, in particular the intervertebral disc (IVD), have not been well established in terms of long-term reliability. This is required for designing prospective studies. 1H water T2 in the IVD (“T2”) has attained wider use in assessment of the lumbar intervertebral discs via magnetic resonance imaging. The reliability of IVD T2 measurements are yet to be established. IVD T2 was assessed nine times at regular intervals over 368 days on six anatomical slices centred at the lumbar spine using a spin-echo multi-echo sequence in 12 men. To assess repeatability, intra-class correlation co-efficients (ICCs), standard error of the measurement, minimal detectable difference and co-efficients of variation (CVs) were calculated along with their 95% confidence intervals. Bland-Altman analysis was also performed. ICCs were above 0.93, with the exception of nuclear T2 at L5/S1, where the ICC was 0.88. CVs of the central-slice nucleus sub-region ranged from 4.3% (average of all levels) to 10.1% for L5/S1 and between 2.2% to 3.2% for whole IVD T2 (1.8% for the average of all levels). Averaging between vertebral levels improved reliability. Reliability of measurements was least at L5/S1. ICCs of degenerated IVDs were lower. Test-retest reliability was excellent for whole IVD and good to excellent for IVD subregions. The findings help to establish the long-term repeatability of lumbar IVD T2 for the implementation of prospective studies and determination of significant changes within individuals.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Immuno-Histochemical Localization of Type IIA Procollagen in Annulus Fibrosus of Mature Bovine Intervertebral Disc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey McAlinden ◽  
David M Hudson ◽  
Aysel A Fernandes ◽  
Soumya Ravindran ◽  
Russell J Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Post Translational Modification

For next generation tissue-engineered constructs and regenerative medicine to succeed clinically, the basic biology and extracellular matrix composition of tissues that these repair techniques seek to restore have to be fully determined. Using the latest reagents coupled with tried and tested methodologies, we continue to uncover previously undetected structural proteins in mature intervertebral disc. In this study we show that the ″embryonic″ type IIA procollagen isoform (containing a cysteine-rich amino propeptide) was biochemically detectable in the annulus fibrosus of both calf and mature steer intervertebral discs, but not in the nucleus pulposus where the type IIB isoform was predominantly localized. Specifically, the triple-helical type IIA procollagen isoform immunolocalized in the outer margins of the inner annulus fibrosus. Triple helical processed type II collagen exclusively localized within the inter- lamellae regions and with type IIA procollagen in the intra-lamellae regions. Mass spectrometry of the a1(II) collagen chains from the region where type IIA procollagen localized showed high 3-hydroxylation of Proline-944, a post- translational modification that is correlated with thin collagen fibrils as in the nucleus pulposus. The findings implicate small diameter fibrils of type IIA procollagen in select regions of the annulus fibrosus where it likely contributes to the organization of collagen bundles and structural properties within the type I- type II collagen transition zone.

scholarly journals Contrast-enhanced microCT evaluation of degeneration following partial and full width injuries to mouse lumbar intervertebral disc

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy E Walk ◽  
Hong Joo Moon ◽  
Simon Y Tang ◽  
Munish C Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Partial Width ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Study Design: Preclinical animal study. Objective: Evaluation of the degenerative progression resulting from either a partial- or full- width injury to the mouse lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. We utilized a lateral-retroperitoneal surgical approach to access the lumbar IVD, and the injuries to the IVD were induced by either incising one side of the annulus fibrosus or puncturing both sides of the annulus fibrosus. The full-width injury caused dramatic reduction in nucleus pulposus hydration and significant degeneration. A partial-width injury produces localized deterioration around the annulus fibrosus site that resulted in local tissue remodeling without gross degeneration to the IVD. Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice of 3-4 months age were used in this study. They were divided into three groups to undergo a partial-width, full-width, or sham injuries. The L5/L6 and L6/S1 lumbar IVDs were surgically exposed using a lateral-retroperitoneal approach. The L6/S1 IVDs were injured using either a surgical scalpel (partial-width) or a 33G needle (full-width), with the L5/L6 serving as an internal control. These animals were allowed to recover and then sacrificed at 2-, 4-, or 8- weeks post-surgery. The IVDs were assessed for degeneration using contrast-enhanced microCT (CEμCT) and histological analysis. Results: The high-resolution 3D evaluation of the IVD confirmed that the respective injuries localized within one side of the annulus fibrosus or spanned the full width of the IVD. The full-width injury caused deteriorations in the nucleus pulposus after 2 weeks that culminated in significant degeneration at 8 weeks, while the partial width injury caused localized disruptions that remained limited to the annulus fibrosus. Conclusion: The use of CEμCT revealed distinct IVD degeneration profiles resulting from partial- and full- width injuries. The partial width injury may serve as a better model for IVD degeneration resulting from localized annulus fibrosus injuries in humans.

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