scholarly journals Extraction of cellulose from waste papers for the preparation of cellulose graft-poly (acrylamide) for superabsorbent

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Chamylle Rose Aquino ◽  
Fauline Deune Carlos ◽  
Francis Padua ◽  
Honeylet Tayactac ◽  
Adrienne Hera Zulueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

This article reports the use of wastepaper pulp as a direct source of cellulose for producing superabsorbent polymer. The white papers obtained from the offices in Adamson University were cut into 1 inch square pieces and drenched with distilled water and borax. This procedure was done couple of times to achieve a pH of 8 and consistency of 1%-2%. Commercial cotton was used as control to compare and differentiate the properties and structures with the superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Various trials have shown the value of 60 acrylamide beads to produce SAP with optimum performance. FTIR analysis shows properties that are characteristics of cellulose-based SAP. In the present investigation, the influence of temperature, effect in varying salt concentrations, swelling rate and water retention at constant temperature were evaluated. The SAP’s maximum swelling capacity ranges from 0.6561 g to 1.0638 g regardless of the amount of NaCl used. The swelling rate of the SAP proves that it gets heavier with time. Hence, it can be implied that the ability of the SAP to retain water is good. The temperature dependence data revealed the sorption process was favorable at higher temperature. The SAP will absorb the highest amount of solution at 500C given that the solution is pure.

The Effects of Acrylamide Loading on the Swelling Capacity of Superabsorbent Polymer in Different Aqueous Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nur Raihan ◽  
Nadras Othman ◽  
Ahmad Zulkifli ◽  
Fauzi Roslinda
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Potassium Persulphate ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogel ◽  
Waste Polystyrene ◽  
Swelling Capacity

Superabsorbent polymer from waste polystyrene-graft-polyacrylamide was synthesized through emulsion polymerization technique using acrylamide as a monomer and potassium persulphate as an initiator in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as a crosslinking agent. The effects of acrylamide loading was investigated to obtain the optimum condition that shows the best swelling capacity in three different aqueous medium; distilled water, saline solution and urea solution. Superabsorbent hydrogel were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM). Swelling test showed optimum absorbencies for distilled water, saline and urea solution were 1230 wt%, 1160 wt% and 440 wt% from their dry weight, respectively, recorded at ratio 1:10 of waste polystyrene to acrylamide. Meanwhile, the IR Spectroscopy proves that the grafting process between acrylamide and waste polystyrene was occurred in the hydrogel. Thermal degradation of the hydrogel started at 350 °C and the existence of porous unit can be observed in SEM micrographs.

scholarly journals Superabsorbent Polymer With Excellent Water/Salt Absorbency And Water Retention, And Fast Swelling Properties For Preventing Soil Water Evaporation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhou Tian ◽  
Sha Cheng ◽  
Jianghong Zhen ◽  
Ziqiang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Water Salt

Abstract Superabsorbent polymers have important applications in many fields, but insufficiency of water/salt absorbency, water retention, and swelling rate limit its application development. Herein, we fabricated HEC-g-P (AA-co-AMPS)/laterite by aqueous solution polymerization, the structure and morphology of the superabsorbent polymer were characterized by FTIR, SEM and TG/DTG. The optimal water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer were 1294 g/g, 177 g/g, and 119 g/g in distilled water, tap water, and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. The superabsorbent polymer had good water retention and re-swelling properties at different temperatures, and fast water absorption rate, and reached swelling equilibrium at 5 min. The swelling mechanism of the superabsorbent polymer was explained by the pseudo-second-order swelling kinetics model and Ritger-Peppas model. The effect of the amount of hydrogel on the water evaporation rate in soil was studied, and it had a good effect.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study Adsorbing Methylene Blue on Nanozirconia

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 1311-1319
Author(s):  
Ping Hua Chen ◽  
Xue Zhen Zhou ◽  
Yong Xiu Li ◽  
Dong Ping Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Study

In present study, uniformed nanozirconia is obtained via precipitation, ball milling and spray drying. The characteristics of methylene blue adsorption by nanozirconia are studied in details. The morphology of nanozirconia is examined by SEM. The influence of temperature is studied to obtain the optimal adsorption conditions. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and the kinetic properties of the adsorption process are investigated to study the mechanism. The thermodynamic properties of methylene blue adsorption is investigated, and the thermodynamic parameters of Gθ, Hθ and Sθ are calculated. The results show nanozirconia has high adsorption ability of 43.99 mg/g to methylene blue, and the adsorption reaction is a spontaneous and physic-sorption process.

Synthesis, Applications and Swelling Properties of Poly (Sodium Acrylate-Coacrylamide) Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-668
Author(s):  
Saud Hashmi Saud Hashmi ◽  
Saad Nadeem Saad Nadeem ◽  
Zahoor Awan Zahoor Awan ◽  
Adeel ur Rehman Adeel ur Rehman ◽  
Ahsan Abdul Ghani Ahsan Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Crosslinker Concentration ◽  
Superabsorbent Hydrogels

Superabsorbent hydrogels constitute a group of polymeric materials with three-dimensional network structure, which can swell to absorb an enormous amount of water or aqueous solutions. This property enables various commercial applications of hydrogels such as water holding capability in agriculture and superabsorbent material for baby diapers. Several novel superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid-co-acrylamide copolymers were synthesized under variation of copolymer compositions through free radical polymerization. N,N’methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as a water soluble crosslinker and potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator. Effect of varying the copolymer composition, change in crosslinker concentration, and effect of environmental parameters (pH, temperature, and ion concentration) on both swelling capacity and swelling rate were examined. These gel shows maximum swelling at neutral pH-7, whereas increasing salt concentration in water decrease the swelling capacity. It was found interesting that an increase in crosslinker concentration from 0.020% to 0.16%, the swelling capacity decreases up to 70% while the swelling rate increases from 0.007g water/g dry hydrogel sec to 0.024g water/g dry hydrogel sec, respectively because there is a compromise exists between entropic spring forces between network connection points and the hydrostatic pressure of the water diffusing into the gels. Dynamic swelling curve obtained were fitted to the three different kinetic models namely Peleg’s kinetic model, pseudo 1st order as proposed by Lagergen and pseudo 2nd order kinetics. All these models provided a good agreement with the experimental data; However on the bases of statistical parameters (RMSE, R2 and X2) the Peleg’s model was selected as the most appropriate model for this study. Analyzing rate constant for Peleg’s models at different swelling temperatures disclosed that increasing temperature could only increase the swelling rate without affecting the swelling capacity of the hydrogels. Experimental values for rate constant k1 of Peleg’s model at different temperature shows a sharp decrease from 0.57545 at 30 oC to 0.1535 at 75 oC that contemplated the rate of swelling at 75 oC was 65% faster than that of 30 oC. The diffusion mechanisms in hydrogels were proven to be tailorable by increasing cross-linker concentration and temperature, leading towards the Fickian type diffusion behavior. The synthesized superabsorbent hydrogels were also tested for water retention applications in agriculture.

scholarly journals Investigation of superabsorbent polymer absorbency at reduced chemical potential of water

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 04010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Melendres ◽  
Judy An Antang ◽  
Christian Jake Manacob
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Major Parameter ◽  
Different Types

Different types of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) exhibiting varied absorbency properties were investigated for their performances at varying concentrations of an electrolyte. Water chemical potential, which is a function of concentration and pressure, was interpreted as a major parameter for absorbency and swelling properties of SAP. Superabsorbent polymers that were investigated gave different values of permeability which was carried out in a layer of swelled superabsorbent polymer. This result revealed differences on the structure of the superabsorbent polymers particularly on the crosslinking density. SAP’s absorbency properties were further tested and a correlation between the quantity of absorption and the chemical potential of water in terms of sodium chloride concentration was developed using experimental data on free swelling capacity and absorption under pressure. Results showed decreasing quantity of absorption by the superabsorbent polymers with decreasing chemical potential of water with higher reduction in the absorbency at higher pressure applied on the swelled SAP.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Swelling Pressure for Superabsorbent Polymer and Soil Mixtures

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5071
Author(s):  
Jakub Misiewicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Głogowski ◽  
Krzysztof Lejcuś ◽  
Daria Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Time Required

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used in agriculture and environmental engineering to increase soil water retention. Under such conditions, the swelling pressure of the SAP in soil affects water absorption by SAP, and soil structure. The paper presents the results of swelling pressure of three cross-linked copolymers of acrylamide and potassium acrylate mixed at the ratios of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% with coarse sand and loamy sand. The highest values of swelling pressure were obtained for the 1% proportion, for coarse sand (79.53 kPa) and loamy sand (78.23 kPa). The time required to reach 90% of swelling pressure for each type of SAP differs. Samples of coarse sand mixed with SAP K2 in all concentrations reached 90% of total swelling pressure in 100 min, while the loamy sand mixtures needed only about 60 min. The results were the basis for developing a model for swelling pressure of the superabsorbent and soil mixtures, which is a fully stochastic model. The conducted research demonstrated that the course of pressure increase depends on the available pore capacity and the grain size distribution of SAPs. The obtained results and the proposed model may be applied everywhere where mixtures of SAPs and soils are used to improve plant vegetation conditions.

scholarly journals Swelling performance of sodium polyacrylate and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruissein Mahon ◽  
Yakubu Balogun ◽  
Gbenga Oluyemi ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Sodium Polyacrylate ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Abstract The application of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels in the oil and gas industry for reservoir and well management is gaining more traction. In this study, the swelling performance and adsorption kinetics of two commercial superabsorbent polymer hydrogels—poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt and sodium polyacrylate—were evaluated based upon their stimuli response to pH and salinity at varying temperature and reaction time periods. Characterisation and evaluation of the materials were performed using analytical techniques—optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and the gravimetric method. Experimental results show that reaction conditions strongly influence the swelling performance of the superabsorbent polymer hydrogels considered in this study. Generally, increasing pH and salinity concentration led to a significant decline in the swelling performance of both superabsorbent polymer hydrogels. An optimal temperature range between 50 and 75 °C was considered appropriate based on swell tests performed between 25 c to 100 °C over 2-, 4- and 6-h time periods. These findings serve as a guideline for field engineers in the use of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels for a wide range of oilfield applications. The study results provide evidence that the two superabsorbent polymer hydrogels can be used for petroleum fraction-saline water emulsions separation, reservoir zonal isolation, water shutoff and cement plugging applications. Graphic abstract

Binary packing theory and the physical properties of aggregates

Soil Research ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Coughlan ◽  
RJ Loch ◽  
WE Fox
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Clay Percentage ◽  
Coarse To Fine

The objective of this study was to examine variations in the physical properties of non-compacted soil-sand aggregates in terms of binary packing theory. Two soils were used, a swelling black earth and a krasnozem with low swelling capacity, and aggregates with varying clay percentage were prepared by dispersing the soil, mixing with 100-50 �m sand, and wetting and drying. At lower clay percentages, void ratio with increasing clay was greater than that predicted from theory. This was attributed to clay entering between sand junctions and increasing porosity by expanding the coarse matrix. From water retention and swelling data, the transition from coarse to fine matrix occurs in both soils at about 40 % clay. In the fine particle matrix, variation of void ratio in the krasnozem aggregates was as expected from theory. In the black earth, no significant variation in void ratio occurs at clay percentages > 40%. This was attributed to porosity created around the sand particles owing to differential swelling and shrinkage. Results obtained by other workers are explained in terms of binary packing theory and the concepts developed in this paper.

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