scholarly journals Development of coagulant synthesis byproducts from cengar clay as adsorbent in post-coagulation peat water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06017
Author(s):  
Muhdarina Muhdarina ◽  
Sasmi Nopiyani ◽  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Amilia Linggawati ◽  
Peppy Helza Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Trivalent Cation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bivalent Cation ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Better Than

Cengar clay was used as a precursor for liquid coagulant and adsorbent. It was calcined at 700°C for 1 hour followed by extracting with 0.2 moles H2SO4 at 80 and 100°C for 2 hours respectively. The main products are liquid coagulant of LC1(80-2) and LC1(100-2) which applied to coagulate the peat water. The liquid coagulants were characterized for pH and cation contents. And then after coagulation, peat water were adsorbed by using each extraction byproducts of liquid coagulant include LCA1(80-2) and LCA1(100-2) having adsorbent-peat water ratio 0.5:100 and 1:100 (w/v). Minerals characteristic of adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction method. The several peat water parameters were analyzed for pH, color, turbidity, and organic substances. The results achieved that liquid coagulants were containing bivalent cation (Ca and Mg) far more than trivalent cation (Al and Fe) and pH 7-8. On the other hand, the adsorbent has found of kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite and calcite minerals. The liquid coagulant has not been able to improve the overall parameters analyzed. However, the LC1(80-2) coagulant achieved only removal efficiency of color 12.47%, turbidity 17.59% and organic substances 2.55% respectively. Meanwhile, the most effective adsorbent for post-coagulation peat water was achieved by LCA1(80-2) on 1:100 ratio that increases the water pH becomes neutral, removal efficiency of color 96.57%, turbidity 98.03% and organic substances 81.55%, respectively. Therefore, the adsorbent performance is much better than the coagulant in peat water treatment. As a conclusion, the adsorption step can cope up with the bad condition of post-coagulation of peat water.

KARAKTERISTIK AIR ASAM TAMBANG DI LINGKUNGAN TAMBANG PIT 1 BANGKO BARAT, TANJUNG ENIM SUMATERA SELATAN SEBUAH STUDI KASUS ASAM TAMBANG

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidir Tresnadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Passive Treatment ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Settling Pond ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Better Than

In Coal Mine Pit 1, Bangko Barat, Tanjung Enim, South Sumatera mine activity lowered the water pH in the effluent water of the mine. So the Mine Environmet Managemet of PTBA try to raise the pH to meet Kep Men Neg LH No 113 Tahun 2003. This study attempt to characterize the performance of the water treatment,which managed by acid-mine dranage management of the PTBA. Some water samples was taken in the study area, such as the passive treatment in Pit 1 Bangko Barat, rainwater pond near by, lake, mine sump, settling pond, the water treatment of acid mine drainage in the coal stockpile in Bangko Barat, the mine sump of Air Laya Mine and Air Laya Channel. The result of the study showed that in the coal stockpile the pH is around 5, closed to the pH di rainwater pond and Air Laya putih Channel (around 6), output of water treatment in Tambang Air Laya. Meanwhile thepH in the passive treatment, settling pond, mine sump Banko Barat and in Air laya Mine drainage system is 2 - 3. The source of Acid Mine Rocks is coal seam rock interval and overburden of the coal. Meanwhile the performance of water treatment in the lake, Air Laya Putih channel and coal stockpile better than in the passivetreatment, settling pond, mine sump of Air Laya MIne and pit 1 Banko barat. So PTBA Environment division should improve the process capacity of water treatment in the pit of Bangko Barat.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Sustained-Release Potassium Ferrate(VI)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xuan Xu ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Ping Tao ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Better Than

In this study, a composite system for the sustained release of potassium ferrate(VI) (sustained-release K2FeO4) was prepared and applied for water treatment. The objective of this research was to maximize the effectiveness of K2FeO4for water treatment by enhancing its stability using diatomite. The sustained-release K2FeO4was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that no new crystal phase was formed during the preparation and some K2FeO4crystals entered the pores of the diatomite. From K2FeO4release experiments, we found that the decomposition rate of K2FeO4was obviously decreased, which greatly improved the contact rate between released K2FeO4and pollutants. Via degradation of methyl orange, which was used as a model pollutant, the influential factor of K2FeO4content within the complete sustained-release K2FeO4system was studied. The optimal K2FeO4content within the sustained-release K2FeO4system was approximately 70%. In natural water samples, sustained-release K2FeO4at a dosage of 0.06 g/L and with a reaction time of 20 minutes removed 36.84% of soluble microbial products and 17.03% of simple aromatic proteins, and these removal rates were better than those observed after traditional chlorine disinfection.

Comparative Study on Microstructure and Texture of Ti-IF Steel Sheets Produced by Different Hot Rolling Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 726-730
Author(s):  
Yun Li Feng ◽  
Ming Cai ◽  
Li Bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Metallographic Observation ◽  
Better Than

It was analyzed by metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction method that the microstructure and texture in two kinds of Ti-IF steels, which produced by different hot rolling process,and it also was discussed that the formability and the texture in Ti-IF steels. The results showed that the microstructures of these two kinds of steels are Equiaxed ferrite grains, but the grain sizes are greatly different. Respectively the average grain size of steel A and B are 24.85μm and 11.85μm, and the average grain size number are 7.4 and 9.5. The {111} texture of steel B is stronger than A, besides, the deep drawing properties of steel B is better than A in the reason that disadvantaged texture{001} and {112} are not founded in steel B.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME COLOSSAL MAGNETO-RESISTANCE MATERIALS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 589-594
Author(s):  
V. RAJAKUMARI ◽  
K. PADMAVATHI ◽  
M. VITTAL ◽  
V. PRASAD ◽  
S. V. SUBRAHMANYAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Magneto Resistance ◽  
Better Than

A series of GMR materials with compositional formula Re 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3, where Re = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Pr, etc. and their combinations were prepared by the solid state reaction method. All the samples were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction method and the patterns show that the samples are single phase with orthorhombic structure. Resistivity measurements were also carried out by the four probe method in the temperature range 80–300 K and from these results, Metal–Insulator (M–I) transition temperatures of the samples were obtained. Finally, the magneto-resistance measurements were also carried out as a function of magnetic field and temperature over a temperature range 80–300 K. It has been observed that the magneto-resistance of Lanthanum-based mixed compositions is better than that of pure compositions.

REVIEWS OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS ON WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Waste water treatment by industry usually uses chemicals that may lead to additional environmental pollution load. On the other hand, water demand increases and environmental regulations regarding waste water disposal requirements that apply more stringent. It is necessary for waste treatment technique that accommodate this requirement. Electrocoagulation process is a technique of wastewater treatment that has been chosen because the technique is environmentally friendly. This paper will review some of the research or application electrocoagulation process which is conducted on industrial waste water. Types of industrial waste water that is to be reviewed include: industries batik, sarongs, textiles, palm oil, slaughterhouses, food, leather tanning, laundry, pulp and paper. Overview reviewed in this research include the waste water treatment process in several processing variations such as: change in time, electricity and kind of electrodes. The results of the research with electrocoagulation process in the industry are the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD5, Chrome, phosphate, surfactants, color turbidity influenced by several factors including time, strong current, voltage, distance and type of electrode and pH. The results of the study with electrocoagulation process in the industry is the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD5, chromium, phosphate, surfactant, turbidity color that are influenced by several factors including time, strong current, voltage, distance and type of electrode and pH. It is hoped the information presented in this article can be a reference for similar research for the improvement of research on the process ektrokoagulasi.Key words: elektrocoagulation, removal eficiency, environmental friendly

Evaluation of a tropical single-cell waste stabilization pond system for irrigation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. O. Ceballos ◽  
A. Konig ◽  
B. Lomans ◽  
A. B. Athayde ◽  
H. W. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
North East ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Better Than

A single full-scale primary facultative pond in Sapé, north-east Brazil was monitored for performance and efficiency. The pond had a hydraulic retention time of 61 days and achieved a 95% BOD5 removal efficiency and had no helminth eggs in the effluent. The effluent failed to meet the WHO faecal coliform guideline for unrestricted irrigation. The pond was dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcystis and gave better than predicted orthophosphate removal. Details of how the system could be simply upgraded utilizing the same land are discussed.

Removal of sulphite-reducing clostridia spores by full-scale water treatment processes as a surrogate for protozoan (oo)cysts removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hijnen ◽  
J. Willemsen-Zwaagstra ◽  
P. Hiemstra ◽  
G. J. Medema ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Micro Organisms

At eight full-scale water treatment plants in the Netherlands the removal of spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) was determined. By sampling and processing large volumes of water (1 up to 500 litres) SSRC were detected after each stage of the treatment. This enabled the assessment of the removal efficiency of the full-scale unit processes for persistent micro-organisms. A comparison with literature data on the removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the same type of processes revealed that SSRC can be considered as a potential surrogate. The average Decimal Elimination Capacity (DEC) of the overall treatment plants ranged from 1.3–4.3 log. The observed actual log removal of SSRC by the unit processes and the overall treatment at one of the studied locations showed that the level of variation in removal efficiency was approximately 2 log. Moreover, from the actual log removal values it was observed that a low SSRC removal by one unit process is partly compensated by a higher removal by subsequent unit processes at this location. SSRC can be used for identification of the process conditions that cause variation in micro-organism removal which may lead to process optimization. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal use of SSRC in water quality monitoring for the production of microbiologically safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Sankar Vavilapalli ◽  
Ambrose A. Melvin ◽  
F. Bellarmine ◽  
Ramanjaneyulu Mannam ◽  
Srihari Velaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
First Principle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Principle Calculations ◽  
Photodegradation Efficiency

AbstractIdeal sillenite type Bi12FeO20 (BFO) micron sized single crystals have been successfully grown via inexpensive hydrothermal method. The refined single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic Bi12FeO20 structure with single crystal parameters. Occurrence of rare Fe4+ state is identified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The lattice parameter (a) and corresponding molar volume (Vm) of Bi12FeO20 have been measured in the temperature range of 30–700 °C by the X-ray diffraction method. The thermal expansion coefficient (α) 3.93 × 10–5 K−1 was calculated from the measured values of the parameters. Electronic structure and density of states are investigated by first principle calculations. Photoelectrochemical measurements on single crystals with bandgap of 2 eV reveal significant photo response. The photoactivity of as grown crystals were further investigated by degrading organic effluents such as Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) under natural sunlight. BFO showed photodegradation efficiency about 74.23% and 32.10% for degrading MB and CR respectively. Interesting morphology and microstructure of pointed spearhead like BFO crystals provide a new insight in designing and synthesizing multifunctional single crystals.

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