scholarly journals Research of characteristics of environmental energy carriers by simulation of operating load in laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Romana Janouskova ◽  
Jerzy Kaszkowiak ◽  
Marek Halenar ◽  
Martin Zachar ◽  
Jozef Nosian
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Operational Load ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Transmission Fluid ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

The focus of this sceintific article is a laboratory research on the qualities of environmental energy carriers by simulating the operational load, focusing on changes of physico-chemical qualities of ecological hydraulic and transmission fluid used in agricultural tractors. In laboratory setting by using a simulator, it was possible to simulate different operational load and also track changes in qualities of hydraulic fluid by changing the flow in precise intervals. The hydraulic-transmission fluid used in the laboratory setting was the MOL Farm NH Ultra.

scholarly journals Laboratory tests of the hydraulic pump operating load with monitoring of changes in the physical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Lubomir Hujo ◽  
Jozef Nosian ◽  
Marcin Zastempowski ◽  
Jan Kosiba ◽  
Jerzy Kaszkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

The present article deals with the physical properties monitoring of the transmission-hydraulic fluid, and changes of those properties due the operating load of the hydraulic pump in laboratory conditions. Tests of the transmission-hydraulic fluid were performed in laboratory conditions with the simulation of the operating load, so as to simulate the real conditions under which hydraulic circuit of the agricultural tractors operates. The universal transmission-hydraulic fluid was subjected to analysis, where the samples of the fluid were taken sequentially according to the chosen methodology at intervals of 250 and 500 h. The results of the present article include the evaluation of the physical properties of the fluid and the flow efficiency change of the hydraulic pump after 250 and 500 h of operation, while simulating the operation load. Based on a laboratory test, we found that after working for 500 h, the dynamic viscosity of the examined hydraulic fluid at 40°C decreased by 2.92 mPa.s and at 100°C decreased by 0.64 mPa.s. When determining the kinematic viscosity of the hydraulic fluid after working for 500 h, we recorded its decrease, namely, at a temperature of 40°C by a value of 3.37 mm2/s and at a temperature of 100°C, its value decreased by 0.77 mm2/s. In the analysis of the test oil samples, we found that the level of water contamination of the hydraulic fluid decreases with increasing number of hours worked. Specifically, the water concentration in the hydraulic fluid decreased by 0.031%. At the same time, we recorded a slight decrease in the flow efficiency of the hydraulic pump, specifically by a value of 0.03% after 500 h worked. After working 500 h, we found that the range of abrasion particles in the transmission-hydraulic fluid is within the prescribed range, which is determined by the standard D6595-00.

scholarly journals Research of Biodegradable Fluid Impacts on Operation of Tractor Hydraulic System

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenko Tkáč ◽  
Štefan Čorňák ◽  
Vladimír Cviklovič ◽  
Ján Kosiba ◽  
Josef Glos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Transmission Oil ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Transmission Fluid ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Abstract This paper is focused on the impacts of the biodegradable hydraulic and transmission fluid (Universal Tractor Transmission Oil) on operation of tractor hydraulic and transmission systems. The fluid was used in the hydraulic and transmission systems of a Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor. Fluid samples were taken from the Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor at intervals of 250 engine hours. These samples were subjected to an infrared spectroscopy analysis in order to measure the total acid number and perform the ferrography analysis. This paper proves minimal impacts of the biodegradable hydraulic fluid on operation of the Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor. The biodegradable fluid meets the requirements for the operation of agricultural tractors in terms of low impacts on the wear of hydraulic components.

scholarly journals Simulation of hydraulic pump load in laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Hujo ◽  
Romana Janoušková ◽  
Štefan Čorňák ◽  
Juraj Tulík
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the scientific contribution is simulating the load of gear hydraulic pump used in agricultural machinery in laboratory conditions, where the impact of ecological transmission-hydraulic fluid on life limit (flow and efficiency) of gear hydraulic pump GHD1-17R is monitored. Laboratory test equipment was used for the simulation. The equipment was used to perform life limit test of hydraulic pump and to monitor changes in physicochemical ecological energy carriers. The simulation in laboratory conditions took 500 hours. The Vickers test took 100 hours. Transmission-hydraulic fluid MOL Farm NH Ultra was used for simulation. The results were that fluid is appropriate to use in this type of hydraulic pump in agricultural machineries. According to the Vickers test, the fluid is characterized by an increased value of flow and efficiency after 50 working hours, thereby exceeding the specified test values.

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of slab deformation affected by the non-homogeneity of concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00061
Author(s):  
Sergej Priganc ◽  
Darina Kušnírová
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Gfrp Reinforcement

The shrinkage is a significant phenomenon in concrete structures. The article is aimed at monitoring the shrinking of concrete slabs under laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory research aimed at unreinforced slabs strains affected by the non-homogeneity of concrete are mentioned in the article. According to these results another research of shrinkage influence on strains and deflection of concrete slabs reinforced by steel, resp. GFRP reinforcement has been prepared. The results of this research confirm the significant effect of concrete non-homogeneity on the formation of strains and deflections due to shrinkage.

The development of experimental procedures for the evaluation of additives to attenuate manure odour, and the impact of these additives on workers, animals and the environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
D.I. Massé ◽  
J. Lavoie ◽  
G. Barnet ◽  
F. Croteau ◽  
E. Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Animal Diet ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this project was to develop a laboratory research protocol to evaluate the effect of additives on manure odour and physico-chemical characteristics, and establish conditions that are representative of those found in farm storage structures (temperature, solids content, pH, ventilation above the manure surface, storage period). The results suggested that system configuration might have an impact on additive effect. An open system should be used when it is recommended that additives be applied in the animal diet or the gutters. Additionally, the surface/depth ratio of the gutter should be respected, since it will impact on the relative importance of the aerobic layer and on ammonia volatilization. On the other hand, a closed system should be used when the additive is applied to the manure storage tank, especially if the tank has a cover. Odour analysis still requires fundamental research to establish reliable procedures and protocols, especially in the area sample collection and dilution levels required to decrease H2S concentration to safe levels for the panellists. Odour analysis should also be conducted in triplicate, because of the possible large experimental error due to dilution, the human factors, and also instrumental error.

Developed Measuring Methods for Hydraulic Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Karjalainen ◽  
R. Karjalainen ◽  
K. Huhtala
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Transmission Fluid ◽  
Viscosity Grade ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fluid Parameters ◽  
Fluid Characteristics

Hydraulic fluid is one of the most important components in every fluid power system. Therefore, fluid properties have to be known with a good accuracy in an increasing number of applications, for example in system’s design, modelling and control. The fluid of interest may be a power transmission fluid as well as a fuel. In defining the needed fluid characteristics, the large variety of different fluid types sets many demands for a single measuring system. Moreover, known fluid properties, of fuels in particular, are needed at constantly higher pressures and temperatures, raising the bar for practical measuring concepts — user-friendliness, safety and equipment cost are also essential criteria. In this paper, two accurate, but rather simple and affordable measuring concepts are presented. The speed of sound in a fluid, hydraulic fluid density and adiabatic tangent fluid bulk modulus are all defined with a direct measurement of the pressure wave propagation. The dynamic and kinematic fluid viscosities are defined with a remotely operated, modified falling ball viscometer. Both the presented methods have been developed further from the previously published concepts of the same authors. With these improved systems, all the mentioned fluid parameters can reliably be measured at up to at least 2,500 bar and at up to at least +150°C. Moreover, the same equipment can be applied to any type of hydraulic fluid, a fuel or a power transmission fluid, regardless of the base fluid, additives or viscosity grade. In addition to presenting the measuring concepts and the equipment used in detail, a selected sample of experimental results will also be presented to demonstrate the performance characteristics of the methods.

scholarly journals From Topos to Oikos: The Standardization of Glass Containers as Epistemic Boundaries in Modern Laboratory Research (1850–1900)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kijan Espahangizi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Glass ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Infrastructure

ArgumentGlass vessels such as flasks and test tubes play an ambiguous role in the historiography of modern laboratory research. In spite of the strong focus on the role of materiality in the last decades, the scientific glass vessel – while being symbolically omnipresent – has remained curiously neglected in regard to its materiality. The popular image or topos of the transparent, neutral, and quasi-immaterial glass container obstructs the view of the physico-chemical functionality of this constitutive inner boundary in modern laboratory environments and its material historicity. In order to understand how glass vessels were able to provide a stable epistemic containment of spatially enclosed experimental phenomena in the new laboratory ecologies emerging in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, I will focus on the history of the material standardization of laboratory glassware. I will follow the rise of a new awareness for measurement errors due to the chemical agency of experimental glass vessels, then I will sketch the emergence of a whole techno-scientific infrastructure for the improvement of glass container quality in late nineteenth-century Germany. In the last part of my argument, I will return to the laboratory by looking at the implementation of this glass reform that created a new oikos for the inner experimental milieus of modern laboratory research.

scholarly journals Study on Descriptors of Acoustic Emission Signals Generated by Partial Discharges under Laboratory Conditions and in On-Site Electrical Power Transformer

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kunicki ◽  
Andrzej Cichoń ◽  
Sebastian Borucki
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Ae Signals

Abstract An acoustic emission method (AE) is widespread and often applied for partial discharge (PD) diagnostics, mainly due to its ease of application as well as noninvasiveness and relatively high sensitivity. This paper presents comparative analysis of AE signals measurement results archived under laboratory conditions as well as on-site actual AE signals generated by inside PDs in electrical power transformer during its normal service. Three different PD model sources are applied for laboratory research: point to point, multipoint to plate and surface type. A typical measuring set up commonly used for on-site transformer PD diagnostics is provided for the laboratory tasks: piezoelectric joint transducer, preamplifier, amplifier and measuring PC interface. During the on-site research there are three measuring tracks applied simultaneously. Time domain, time-frequency domain and statistical tools are used for registered AE signals analysis. A number of descriptors are proposed as a result of the analysis. In the paper, at- tempt of AE signals descriptors, archived under laboratory condition application possibilities for on-site PD diagnostics of power transformers during normal service is made.

scholarly journals The durability test of tractor hydrostatic pump type UD 25 under operating load

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Drabant ◽  
J. Kosiba ◽  
J. Jablonický ◽  
J. Tulík
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Hydraulic Fluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Transmission Oil ◽  
Environmentally Responsible

The results of the UD 25 hydrostatic pump durability test are presented; they were obtained in the laboratory under operating load. The test of operating load was a continuation of the hydrostatic pump durability test with a cyclic pressure loading according to the norm STN 11 9287. It lasted 300 hours, with 70°C ± 2°C of hydraulic fluid temperature. The aim of the test was to simulate the operation of the hydrostatic pump under load in laboratory and to find out its deterioration and the influence of a biodegradable fluid on its qualities. The achieved results confirmed that flow efficiency of the UD 25 hydrostatic pump decreased only to 3.6% which points to its good technical state even after the test performance. Meanwhile we can state that the used ecological hydraulic fluid on the basis of a vegetable oil "Environmentally responsible tractor transmission oil", produced by the Slovnaft company, Inc., is characterised by very good qualities.

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