scholarly journals Gene banks for wild and cultivated sunflower genetic resources

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Terzić ◽  
Marie-Claude Boniface ◽  
Laura Marek ◽  
Daniel Alvarez ◽  
Karin Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Local Research

Modern breeding of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which started 100 years ago, increased the number and the diversity of cultivated forms. In addition, for more than 50 years, wild sunflower and other Helianthus species have been collected in North America where they all originated. Collections of both cultivated and wild forms are maintained in gene banks in many countries where sunflower is an important crop, with some specificity according to the availability of germplasm and to local research and breeding programmes. Cultivated material includes land races, open pollinated varieties, synthetics and inbred lines. The majority of wild accessions are ecotypes of wild Helianthus annuus, but also 52 other species of Helianthus and a few related genera. The activities of three gene banks, in USA, France and Serbia, are described in detail, supplemented by data from seven other countries. Past and future uses of the genetic resources for environmental adaptation and breeding are discussed in relation to genomic and improved phenotypic knowledge of the cultivated and wild accessions available in the gene banks.

scholarly journals Genetic resources of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their role in its domestication and breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630
Author(s):  
M. A. Vishnyakova ◽  
E. V. Vlasova ◽  
G. P. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wild Accessions

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a cultivated multipurpose species with a very short history of domestication. It is used as a green manure, and for feed and food. This crop shows good prospects for use in pharmacology and as a source of fish feeds in aquaculture. However, its genetic potential for the development of productive and adaptable cultivars is far from being realized. For crop species, the genetic base of the cultivated gene pool has repeatedly been shown as being much narrower than that of the wild gene pool. Therefore, efficient utilization of a species’ genetic resources is important for the crop’s further improvement. Analyzing the information on the germplasm collections preserved in national gene banks can help perceive the worldwide diversity of L. angustifolius genetic resources and understand how they are studied and used. In this context, the data on the narrow-leaved lupine collection held by VIR are presented: its size and composition, the breeding status of accessions, methods of studying and disclosing intraspecific differentiation, the classifications used, and the comparison of this information with available data on other collections. It appeared that VIR’s collection of narrow-leaved lupine, ranking as the world’s second largest, differed significantly from others by the prevalence of advanced cultivars and breeding material in it, while wild accessions prevailed in most collections. The importance of the wild gene pool for the narrow-leaved lupine breeding in Australia, the world leader in lupine production, is highlighted. The need to get an insight into the species’ ecogeographic diversity in order to develop cultivars adaptable to certain cultivation conditions is shown. The data on the testing of VIR’s collection for main crop characters valuable for breeders are presented. Special attention is paid to the study of accessions with limited branching as a promising gene pool for cultivation in relatively northern regions of Russia. They demonstrate lower but more stable productivity, and suitability for cultivation in planting patterns, which has a number of agronomic advantages. Analyzing the work with narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources in different national gene banks over the world helps shape the prospects of further activities with VIR’s collection as the only source of promising material for domestic breeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Glucosinolates in Nordic Horseradish (Armoracia Rusticana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Wedelsbäck Bladh ◽  
Kerstin M. Olsson ◽  
Flemming Yndgaard
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Natural Preservative ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
The Future ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., C.A. Mey & Scherb.) has a long history as food and medicinal plant. Glucosinolates (GLS) or their breakdown products are responsible for the pungent taste and claimed medicinal effects. The dominate GLS in horseradish is sinigrin (> 80%) followed by gluconasturtiin and glucobrassicin. A total of 168 Nordic accessions of horseradish were screened for the content of intact glucosinolates. Sinigrin levels varied between 10 and 45, gluconasturtiin between 1.3 and 7.4 and glucobrassicin between 0.1 and 2.6 μmol/g DM. Accessions with high levels of both sinigrin and gluconasturtiin were found. Horseradish accessions are kept as living plants in clonal archives in their respective countries. The task for plant gene banks is not only to conserve genetic resources for the future, but also to stimulate use of the collections for various products and breeding programmes. After further analyses to certify the screening results, selected accessions will form a base for breeding and increased use of horseradish as a condiment to food, natural preservative or in medical treatments

scholarly journals Evaluation of Red Raspberry Cultivars Used for Breeding and Commercial Growing in the Baltic Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunārs Lācis ◽  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Sarmīte Strautiņa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Local Advanced

Abstract The structure of raspberry cultivars and genetic resources in the Baltic countries have been influenced by the historical political situation in the 20th century and climatic conditions, especially winterhardiness. The genetic resources consist of some old European and American cultivars, but mostly of cultivars and hybrids bred in Russia. Currently, targeted breeding programmes are active only in Estonia and Latvia, which aim to develop winterhardy, disease-resistant cultivars, well adapted to the local climate. Therefore, parent material for hybridisation has been chosen from local advanced hybrids and introduced cultivars suitable to the regional climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Rubus germplasm and assess inter-specific and intra-specific relationships using phenotypical characterisation and molecular markers. Forty one Rubus genotypes were evaluated by 41 phenotypical traits and 15 previously described SSR markers. Both characterisation approaches discovered high correspondence with pedigree and a low level of diversity. A limited amount of the diversity of raspberry genetic material has been used in various breeding programmes, despite their broad geographical origin. The obtained results indicate the need for including local wild R. idaeus plant material into breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Current trends in apple tree breeding (Malus Mill.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
O. V. Kalinina ◽  
Yu. V. Burmenko ◽  
N. Yu. Svistunova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Modern Breeding

Apples are among the most significant fruit crops in Russian horticulture. The wide variety, as well as the prominent economic potential of the crop, both enable its cultivation across many climate zones and bring orchard farming in general to the attention of investors in the agro-industrial sector. Breeders have met the rising challenges inherent in creating varieties that are superior in terms of productivity, abiotic- and biotic stress resistance, fruit quality and competitive fast-return capacity. In the present article, current research in apple breeding including methods for intensive selection is reviewed with a focus on breeding programmes for creating adaptive varieties having a high commercial and consumer value. Classical breeding can be complemented with modern techniques for an earlier selection of commercially valuable genotypes, identification of primary genotypes, as well as the creation of new donors and cultivars. The research achievements of leading national institutions in the development of apple varieties reflect additions to the Catalog of State-Permitted Cultivars of Agricultural Crops over the last decade. Most of the 422 permitted adapted apple cultivars are highly marketable due to having best-before-consumption dates in the winter. Despite current success in national orchard farming, further endeavours in crop breeding remain relevant today. Comprehensive research engaging genetics, physiology, phytopathology, virology, agrochemistry and nursery is essential for improving modern breeding programmes with the aim of supplying producers with high-quality planting material for a cost-effective, low pesticide, environmentallystable product.

scholarly journals Development of sunflower hybrids tolerant to tribenuron methyl

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Goran Malidza ◽  
Sandra Cvejic ◽  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Exact Number ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Discovery of tribenuron-methyl resistant wild Helianthus annuus L. population (ANN-KAN) created an opportunity for expansion of sunflower herbicide resistance breeding program. The aim of this study was development of sunflower hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Creation of tribenuron-methyl resistant hybrids would enable the use of a wider palette of herbicides for sunflower, more efficient chemical control of Cirsium arvense and more economically profitable post-emergence control of some annual broad-leaves weeds in sunflower. Original populations SURES-1 and SURES-2 are homozygous for resistance to tribenuron-methyl. F1 generations produced from the crossings are completely resistant to tribenuron-methyl, pointing out to dominant way of inheritance of this trait. Studies on the exact number of genes controlling the resistance are in progress. Tribenuron-methyl resistance was transferred from original populations into a number of female and male inbred lines of cultivated sunflower. These inbred lines could enable creation of a number of hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl. Hybrids SUMO-1-PR, SUMO-2- OR and SUMO-3 are resistant to doubled application dose of tribenuron-methyl. Agronomical characteristics of these hybrids are on the level with the leading conventional sunflower hybrids.

scholarly journals Identification of Restorers with Desirable General Combining Ability from among New Inbred Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2923-2932
Author(s):  
S. D. Nehru ◽  
Akshata Timmanna Budihal ◽  
M. S. Umar Farooq ◽  
Y. G. Shadakshari ◽  
M. S. Uma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Comparison of fatty acid composition of oil from original and regenerated populations of wild Helianthus species

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Monitoring and protecting germplasm in genebanks using in situ collections while preserving its original genetic integrity is a priority of germplasm curation. Many germplasm accessions need to be regenerated due to their demand and/or seed condition. The regeneration of wild Helianthus (sunflower) species poses several challenges due to the diversity of 53 wild species. Fatty acid composition of sunflower oil is an important quality factor for the crop. Since oil quality is environmentally influenced, and evaluation of this trait is usually performed on oil from achenes from the original accessions of wild sunflower species, we conducted a study on 72 accessions of eight annual and four perennial taxa of wild sunflower species to compare the oil quality of the original accessions and those regenerated for genebank maintenance. The results showed that the fatty acid composition profiles of achenes from the original and regenerated accessions are not the same. It seems that selection for specific fatty acids in several species will require the analysis of both populations to identify germplasm accessions for use in breeding programmes. It should be borne in mind that accessions of wild species are open-pollinated segregating populations, so one would expect some variability in each succeeding generation. While there may be differences between the original and regenerated accessions, the interrelationships of fatty acids are generally similar in wild and cultivated sunflower species, so there should be no detrimental effects on oil quality when using the wild species for other traits. As more regenerated accessions become available, a more precise relationship between the original and regenerated accessions should emerge.

RESISTANCE OF INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) IN A NATURAL EPIDEMIC OF ASTER YELLOWS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt ◽  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Resistance to aster yellows has been identified in sunflowers. In 560 inbred lines and single plant progenies, 356 showed no symptoms of the disease under field conditions. The others showed infections ranging up to 100 per cent. Six entries, observed at three points, showed a range of infection from 0 to 86 per cent and eighteen others, at two points, a range from 0 to 73 per cent. The behaviour was consistent at the different locations.The resistance to aster yellows appeared to be qualitatively inherited. Single cross hybrids between resistant and, susceptible lines showed the resistance to be dominant. It occurred in association both with susceptibility and with resistance to rust. Of 15 lines with evidence of resistance to leaf mottle disease, 13 lines also had resistance to aster yellows.

Potato agronomy in a changing industry

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scott ◽  
A. Younger
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
The World

The extension of potato culture from Peru to North America, Europe and the rest of the world has been accompanied by the development of a variety of production systems. With the intensification of potato production in many countries, the available genetic resources of the plant are being severely stretched. This may be why experimental departures from standard husbandry do not always give the advantages expected. Potato agronomy, nevertheless, is in the throes of change.

Diversity in nutritional composition of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. L. var. cicla) accessions revealed by multivariate analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bozokalfa ◽  
Bülent Yağmur ◽  
Tansel Kaygısız Aşçıoğul ◽  
Dursun Eşiyok
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Mineral concentration levels in cultivated vegetables have received very little concern in the context of biodiversity despite the fact that most vegetables have a rich micronutrient composition. Swiss chard is an important salad crop which is high yielding and rich in minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. It is also extremely easy to grow. However, there is a lack of information on the genetic variability of mineral concentration of Swiss chard. Mineral composition diversity of 54 genetically diverse Swiss chard accessions, representative of all Turkish Swiss chard genetic resources, was investigated using multivariate analysis. These traits are useful in evaluating germplasm diversity in the nutritional concentration context and for use in further breeding programmes which will focus on improving mineral concentrations in Swiss chard cultivars. The results displayed significant differences among accessions and remarkably high nutrient contents. The data gathered were analyzed using principal components (PCs) and cluster analysis and revealed five major groupings. The data also observed 74.39% of total variation. The first three PCs accounted for 49.86% of the total variation in the population. Present values provided great variability among accessions and the results demonstrate that it is possible to identify genetic differentiation among Swiss chard accession for some nutritional elements. The genetic resources that exist indicate that potentially important accessions could be used as a gene source due to their high levels of K, Ca, Cu and Zn in breeding programmes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document