scholarly journals Towards Phraseologism Formation and Terminologization in Scientific and Technical Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Darya A. Aripova ◽  
Irina S. Bashmakova
Keyword(s):  
Object Categorization ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
The Given

The given research deals with the problem of phraseologism formation and further terminologization of such word-combinations as: Dutch slice-hip roof, Dymaxion House, Inhoff tank, dragon summer, cyclopean concrete, dragon tie, horse shoe curve, double Roman tile, etc. It is noted that object categorization takes place in man’s consciousness. Once being used as a fixed word-combination in professional text, the lexical unit may preserve the formed holistic meaning and can be transferred to the category “phraseologism”. The three obligatory identification requirements for word-combination to be transferred to the category “phraseologism” have been defined. The phraseologism functions in the scientific and technical text have been determined.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING OF THE INTRA-LEXIC SYSTEM IN THE PRACTICAL COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
U. Zhanpeis ◽  
◽  
N. Ozekbayeva ◽  
Zh. Kuanyshbayevа ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Linguistic Term ◽  
Activity Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with issues related to the system structure of the language and the system relations between language units. The authors proceed from the modern understanding of the definition of the lexical-semantic system, which is generally accepted. Three main dimensions of lexical consistency are described: paradigmatic, syntagmatic, and derivational. the basic elements of the linguistic term system are the terms “syntagmatics” and “paradigmatics”. The essence of paradigmatic relations is the similarity of units under one family and opposites - for others. Syntagmatic relations in the vocabulary are manifested in the vocabulary in the rules of word combination, in their connection with other lexical units within specific utterances. The article offers a model of lexical presentation taking into account intra-lexical consistency. The functional level of the lexical unit implementation is conditionally accepted as the activity form of the word. Indicators of word assimilation in the process of its gradual transition from the subject form to the activity form were lexical operations that are part of the actions for the perception and generation of speech utterance. The authors describe the experience of developing and using training tasks for the C1 level in accordance with the requirements of the new standard curriculum.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIZATION OF HOLOPHRASTIC CONSTRUCTIONS’ PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Alla Kalyta ◽  
Vladyslava Klymenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Sentence Subject

The paper is focused on studying regularities of holophrastic constructions’ functioning in the English literary prose by means of identifying and classifying the most significant features of their linguistic characteristics and expression. Holophrastic construction is regarded in the paper as a synthetically formed composite lexical unit that combines features of a word, a word-combination, or a sentence, and which figuratively but precisely represents in communication the integrative pictures of the individuals’ thinking or behavior, fixed in their memory as a corresponding concept, for decoding of which the recipients use their communicative and cognitive experience. Having analyzed the interpretations of holophrastic constructions’ characteristic features given in various scientific sources, the authors present a generalized classification of their linguistic properties as well as provide examples of their actualization in English literary texts. The carried out analysis allowed the authors to systematize English holophrastic constructions according to the following most significant features of their linguistic expression: communicative and pragmatic aim (inducing to actions, restraining form actions, and evaluation of the communicative situation), form of expressing meaning (transparent or opaque), degree of their emotional loading (emotionally neutral, emotionally coloured, and emotionally expressive constructions), their syntactic function in the sentence (subject, predicate, object, attribute, or adverbial modifier) and their structure (three-component, four-component, five-component, and poly-component, i.e. consisting of six or more components). The performed study advances the idea that the substantiated classification can serve as a methodological tool for structuring classes, subclasses and groups of the experimental material within the scope of similar linguistic research.

THE IMAGE OF "STUDENT" IN THE CONSCIOUS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPEAKERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.B. BAGRINTSEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Given

In the given paper the definite analysis of the lexical unit “student” is made. The data, taken from the analysis, allowed to define the basic characteristics of the image “student” in the conscious of the English language speakers. Further these characteristics will be put in the further construction of the image “student” in the different types of the English language discourse.

scholarly journals Deep Fuzzy Multi-Object Categorization in Scene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Fuzzy Entropy ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Background Elimination ◽  
The Given ◽  
Precision Rate ◽  
Better Than

Object Categorization is the process of, identifying and labelling the various distinct Classes (Categories), in the given input image. The Deep Fuzzy Multi-Object Categorization (DFMOC) model, combines the learning capability of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and the uncertainty-managing ability of Fuzzy system, for carrying out the categorization task. This work starts with Background Elimination process for ensuring the image clarity, followed by Fuzzification and Fuzzy Entropy computation. Simple fuzzy sets are to be framed, by employing Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm, for fuzzification of the input image. Thresholding Block is incorporated, for determining the clusters . The Fuzzy Entropy Computation (FEC) is done, to minimize the Fuzziness rate of the acquired input and consequently, the layers of CNN are trained in accordance with that. Caltech-101 Dataset is been utilized for analysis. Average Precision Rate of Categorization (APRC), along with other metrics namely Time taken and Error Rate, shows that DFMOC model performs better than other models

scholarly journals The Conflict Between the Meaning of a Word and Its Form: The Unity of Disunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Martyna Król
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Form ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Language System ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The Given

This article discusses the identity of a word as a synthetic lexical unit, i.e., a language sign. It also makes an attempt to interpret Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory as presented in his book De l’essence double du langage. According to this theory, a sign of linguistic activity consists of a language sign and a speech sign. The language sign includes an invariant (constant) meaning and an invariant form, while the speech sign is made up of the current meaning (or meanings) as well as the current form. All these elements are interrelated in a way which enables humans to use them in linguistic activity. They constitute a homogeneous, yet non-isomorphic entirety, as they belong to “different worlds.” Despite the complexity of its inner structure, a sign of linguistic activity acquires its identity only due to the coexistence of all its elements (hence the “unity of disunity” of the title). The given theory differs significantly from the bilateral concept of a language sign attributed to Saussure after the publication of A Course in General Linguistics by Albert Sechehaye and Charles Bally. The concept of language sign has developed into the concept of language activity, which includes both invariant elements (of the language system) and current elements (of speech). However, such a concept was first expressed in the unfinished and unedited book De l’essence double du langage by de Saussure. The theory described in de Saussure’s book has been thoroughly analysed by the author of this article. The most important conclusion drawn from this analysis is that a sign of linguistic activity is a complex item, within which the conflict does not result from the connection of mental and physical beings, but rather from the fact that a sign is built of elements belonging to different systems, governed by different laws; the conflict here is neutralized and has a creative rather than a destructive role. The review of the better and less well-known concepts of the language sign proves that this issue has been intriguing philosophers and linguists ever since. In all the theories there are two elements to be noticed: the opposition or conflict, and the attempt to neutralize it, together with the observation that language is an unusual, amazing phenomenon. Surprisingly, it is conflict (no matter what its nature is) that turns out to be the factor that strengthens, if not actively drives, the very existence of a language.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF GERMAN LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Mukhayyo Mirzaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
German Language ◽  
European Language ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Given

Introduction. The article is devoted to analyses of the most important Kinds of Phraseologisms, their way of formation and function, and linguistic connection with European language groups. The formation of a holistic meaning based on the semantic shift of the entire component composition of a phraseological unit is a common feature of phraseological unity. The syntactic structure of these phraseological units can have several varieties, among which the phrase is especially typical. Research methods. However, the demotivation of phraseological unity does not affect either its expressiveness or its functional and stylistic affiliation. The meaning of such units, formed on the basis of a rethinking of a variable word combination, has absolute expressiveness, i.e. it is expressive regardless of the context. It exists in connection with the given material composition of the phraseological unit also in the case when that figurative core, which served as the basis for the motivation of phraseological units, gradually weakens and darkens. Consequently, the sound composition of demotivated phraseological units (idioms) is perceived by the speaker as a certain verbal complex, which has a traditionally fixed meaning, expressiveness and functional and stylistic affiliation. Results and discussions. The productive nature of paired phraseological units is confirmed by the presence of a number of productive structural types.

Generalized Learning of Receptive and Expressive Action-Object Responses by Language-Delayed Preschoolers

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Mineo ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Matrix Training ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Recombinative Generalization ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
Preschool Boys ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Multiple Probe

This study examined the effectiveness of matrix-training procedures in teaching action + object utterances in both the receptive and expressive language modalities. The subjects were 4 developmentally delayed preschool boys who failed to produce spontaneous, functional two-word utterances. A multiple baseline design across responses with a multiple probe technique was employed. Subjects were taught 4–6 of 48 receptive and 48 expressive responses. Acquisition of a word combination rule was facilitated by the use of familiar lexical items, whereas subsequent acquisition of new lexical knowledge was enhanced by couching training in a previously trained word combination pattern. Although receptive knowledge was not sufficient for the demonstration of corresponding expressive performance for most of the children, only minimal expressive training was required to achieve this objective. For most matrix items, subjects responded receptively before they did so expressively. For 2 subjects, when complete receptive recombinative generalization had not been achieved, expressive training facilitated receptive responding. The results of this study elucidate benefits to training one linguistic aspect (lexical item, word combination pattern) at a time to maximize generalization in developmentally delayed preschoolers.

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Soukupova ◽  
Petr Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

Pattern Recognition in Histo-Pathology: Basic Considerations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schlegel ◽  
K. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Minimal Distance ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tissue Structures ◽  
The Given

A basic concept for the automatic diagnosis of histo-pathological specimen is presented. The algorithm is based on tissue structures of the original organ. Low power magnification was used to inspect the specimens. The form of the given tissue structures, e. g. diameter, distance, shape factor and number of neighbours, is measured. Graph theory is applied by using the center of structures as vertices and the shortest connection of neighbours as edges. The algorithm leads to two independent sets of parameters which can be used for diagnostic procedures. First results with colon tissue show significant differences between normal tissue, benign and malignant growth. Polyps form glands that are twice as wide as normal and carcinomatous tissue. Carcinomas can be separated by the minimal distance of the glands formed. First results of pattern recognition using graph theory are discussed.

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