scholarly journals Strengthening Indigenous Law to Make a Sustainable Development of the Coastal Area and Small Islands in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda ◽  
A.H. Asy’ari T. ◽  
Yusuf Saefudin ◽  
Muhammad Bahrus Syakirin
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Law ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
The Right

Law no. 27 of 2007 on Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands has the basis of consideration dimension of economic prosperity. The Act obtained Judicial Review to the Constitutional Court due to the rights of Coastal Waters Concession (HP-3). This article examines how the existence of indigenous and tribal peoples who have the right to be protected by the state constitution and how the legal analysis of the Judicial Review of the Act is reviewed. This research was conducted by a normative juridical method. The results show that indigenous and tribal peoples have not fully existed in the regulation and legal politics of Indonesia, particularly in the management of coastal areas and small islands. Judicial Review conducted to the Constitutional Court through Decision No. 3/ PUU-VIII / 2010 states that in certain articles in Law No. 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands is contrary to the state constitution and has no binding power, which relates to Coastal Waters Rights which tend to be more liberal/capitalist because it can only be utilized by the owner of capital.

scholarly journals El art. 155 de la Constitución española: examen doctrinal y comparado // Section 155 of the Spanish Constitution: doctrinal and comparative examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (102) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Lafuente Balle
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comparative Examination ◽  
Formal Procedures

Resumen:El art. 155 de la Constitución regula la coerción federal (federal coercion) con un texto inspirado en el art. 37 de la Ley Fundamental de Bonn, si bien presenta alguna importante diferencia, particularmente por la distinta configuración electoral del Senado y el Bundesrat. Su redacción es un ejemplo característico de la ambigüedad propia de los preceptos constitucionales; y su interpretación padece de que carece de desarrollo legislativo y precedentes históricos. Con su Resolución de 27 de octubre de 2017, el Senado ha aplicado por vez primera el art. 155 por entender que la Generalitat había incurrido en desobediencia a la Constitución. La autorización al Gobierno central conllevó el cese del Gobierno de Cataluña y la posterior disolución del Parlamento autonómico. Dos han sido los recursos de inconstitucionalidad instados, respectivamente, por el grupo parlamentario de Unidos-Podemos y por la Diputación Permanente del Parlamento de Cataluña. En este trabajo se aborda su análisis jurídico y se arriesga el vaticinio de Sentencia que habrá de dictar el Tribunal Constitucional.Summary:1. Introduction: A highly political, ambiguous and vague rule; 2. Section 155 and regional tenseness. Examples of Comparative Law; 3. The unavoidable reference to the federal coercion in Germany. Section 155 and its comparison with section 37 of the Fundamental Law of Bonn; 4. The STGC of 5th of March, 1936; 5. The state coercion of section 155; 6. The former formal procedures to the state coercion of section 155; 7. The supposed facts in which section 155 is applicable; 8. The procedure of the state coercion; 9. The measures covered by section 155; 10. The exceptional political and legal application of section 155; 11. The injuction of the Spanish Government and the Order of the Spanish Senate of 27th of October, 2017; 12. The application of the state coercion of section 155 in Catalonia; 13. The procedural question of the judicial review of the Order of the Senate; 14. The motion filed by the political party UNIDOS-PODEMOS claiming that the application of section 155 is against the Spanish Constitution; 15. The Opinion 14/2017 of the Catalan Consell de Garanties Estatutarias. The motion filed by the Catalan Parliament for judicial review against the Order of the Spanish Senate; 16. The material question: Does the bloque de constitucionalidad entails a limit before section 155?Abstract:Section 155 of the Spanish Constitution regulates federal coercion by means of a text inspired in section 37 of the Fundamental Law of Bonn, although the former presents some important differences, especially due to the different electoral configuration of the Spanish Senate and the Bundesrat. The wording of section 155 is a good example of the characteristic ambiguity of constitutional texts. Its interpretation suffers from a lack of legislative development and former precedents. By means of the Order of 27th of October, 2017, the Spanish Senate has applied for the first time section 155, understanding that the Catalan Generalitat had violated the Constitution. The authorization given to the Spanish Government entailed the dismissal of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and the dissolution of the Autonomous Parliament. Two motions have been filed,one by the parliamentary group Unidos-Podemos, and another by the DiputaciónPermanente of the Parliament of Catalonia. This paper tackles the legal analysis of section 155, and risks predicting the future ruling of the Spanish Constitutional Court.

scholarly journals Information Systems and Management of Political Dynasty in the Constitution of Election in the Country of Indonesia in the Perspective of the State Constitution

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 832-844
Author(s):  
Sugia ryo ◽  
Anita Trisiana
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

An information system is absolutely necessary in making logical decisions so that the policies developed are in accordance with the applicable law. This article discusses political dynasties from state constitutional law and human rights, whether constitutional or unconstitutional. This article uses a normative research method, which examines the law, the state constitution, and the Constitutional Court decisions related to political dynasties in the implementation of general elections. Political dynasties are a familiar thing in organizing general elections; political dynasties certainly reap the pros and cons. Still, as a legal state, Indonesia must also provide legal certainty regarding how the law views political dynasties. Basically, in this study, based on the rule of law and the state constitution, political dynasties are not unconstitutional; political dynasties do not violate the state constitution; with the prohibition on political dynasties, it is an unconstitutional act and violates human rights. The provisions of the Law on Human Rights prohibit the existence of political dynasties that do not prioritize human rights values, which are regulated in the Law on Human Rights; provide legal protection for every citizen has the right to vote and be elected in general elections. And stated firmly that political dynasties are prohibited, because they are not in line with the constitution and also the values of human rights.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP DEMOKRASI DAN NOMOKRASI DALAM STRUKTUR KETATANEGARAAN RI PASCA AMANDEMEN UUD 1945

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Pigome
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
General Election ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Guardian

 The principle of democracy and nomocracy as state in the Constitution 1945 is the embodiment of the state that based on civil sovereignty and state characteristics that uphold the law. Implemention of those two principles changes the structure of the state that established the Constitutional Court. This institution known as the guardian of democracy of any process of political democatization and legal policy. The consitutional Court plays an important role in maintaining the state constitution (Constitution 1945). Constitutional Court have an authority to solve dispute elections and general election. This institution also have a role to judicial review of any statute that not synchronize with the Constitution 1945. Keywords : Demoratization, Rule of Law, Constitution and Legal Policy

scholarly journals Penguasaan Tanah Pantai dan Wilayah Pesisir di Indonesia

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coastal Land

The beach is the junction between the highest tide and the mainland, while the coastal area is the transition between terrestrial and marine ecosystems that is affected by changes in land and sea. The utilization of coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia is regulated in Act Number 27 of 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands that is last amended into Act Number 1 of 2014, and is also based on Basic Act on Agrarian. Utilization of coastal waters is given in the form of rights to enterprise the coastal waters, namely the rights on certain parts of the coastal waters to enterprise marine resources and fisheries, as other business related to the utilization of coastal resources and the small islands covering sea level and water column over surface of the sea floor at a certain breadth limit. The coastal land in the coastal areas can essentially be owned by or be the right of a person or legal entity. Owning and authorizing the coastal land and utilizing the coastal areas should certainly pay attention to and be compatible with the spatial planning of regencies or cities.

scholarly journals The Common Access as Pro People Management of Natural Resources (An Analysis of Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010 about Judicial Review of Law 27/2007)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Faiq Tobroni ◽  
Izzatin Kamala
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Common

This paper aims to explore the new concept as an alternative management of natural resources (specifically Coastal Areas and Small Islands/CA-SI). In Decision Number 3/PUU-VIII/2010 (the Court Decision), the Constitutional Court uses the new concept as considerations to cancel the Concession Rights on Coastal Waters (CR-CW) as the mechanism of management of CA-SI in Law Number 27 Year 2007 about Management of Coastal Area and Small Islands (Law 27/2007). Some important questions in this paper are why did the Constitutional Court annul CR-CW in Law 27/2007? Whether the new concept offered in the Court Decision and consistent with 1945 Constitution? And how is the new concept offered consistent with people empowerment?The revoke of CR-CW in Law 27/2007 is caused that the concept of concession is contrary to the norms of natural resources management in the 1945 Constitution and the spirit of people empowerment. The new concept offered in the Decision is the common access. In this concept of access, CA-SI is   regarded as the common property with the rules from members of the community itself. The provisions to access CA-SI  as  the common  property are also determined by agreements of the community itself. Management of CA-SI on the common access is in accordance with people empowerment. The consistency is shown by the relevancy of concept of common access to include three key issues of people empowerment (access, assets and collective  capabilities).

scholarly journals Sustainability Management and Planning of Coastal Areas and Small Islands to Ensure Environmental Justice for Fishermen Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
The Government

As the largest archipelagic state in the world, most provinces in Indonesia have coastal areas with different physical characteristics. In addition, Indonesia has small islands located on the outer side of the country. So far, there are unclear regulations and management to protect the ecological environment in these areas, as well as legal protection for residents. This study seeks to analyze the sustainability management in coastal waters and development planning of small islands to ensure environmental justice for fishermen communities with special reference to Law No. 1 of 2014 regarding the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. This study also wants to analyze the obstacles in the implementation of Law No. 1 of 2014 regarding Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands. The results showed that the coastal waters management scheme according to the law is carried out through the mechanism of location permits and management permits and requires that the permits granted must not violate the decision of the Constitutional Court. In addition, in this law, the government grants the community the right to propose the preparation of Strategic Zoning Plan for the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pengakuan Penghayat Kepercayaan di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Kristina Viri ◽  
Zarida Febriany
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

Indonesia has various local religions that live a hundred years, even before independence. These religions are known as “Penghayat Kepercayaan”. In history, the adherents of these beliefs experienced hardship dynamics to gain recognition from the State. The methodology that has been used for this research is a normative juridical or documentary study with qualitative analysis. The result and discussions of this research concluded that Article 28E of the 1945’s Constitution guaranteed everyone to have the right of freedom to believe. However, the reality is the opposite as the State is discriminating between the officials and the unofficial religions. Because of the long struggles of the stakeholders, the community of Penghayat Kepercayaan has pleaded to the Constitutional Court (MK) for a judicial review, and it was accepted. MK has stated that discrimination between the official and the unofficial religions is a contradiction to the 1945’s Constitution. Based on the decision of MK, the State recognizes the community of Penghayat Kepercayaan, especially for all the matters related to their rights for civil administration (where now, there is a “belief” column for them, in the Family Card and electronic ID), and their rights to embrace and worship.

scholarly journals Legal Protection for The Indigenous Law Communities and Their Traditional Rights Based on the Verdict of the Constitutional Court

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Putera Astomo ◽  
Asrullah Asrullah
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Indigenous Law ◽  
The Law

This study covers the problems related to the regulation of Adat (Indigenous) law communities. First, the Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry categorizes indigenous forests as State Forest. Therefore, the state has the authority to stipulate indigenous forests as long as the relevant Indigenous Law Communities are still existed and recognized. Second, the Law Number 27 of 2007 on Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands provides opportunities for owners of large capital through Coastal Water Concession Rights (HP-3), but the substance does not provide space for coastal communities especially fishermen carrying out economic activities in coastal areas. Due to limited capital and technology, coastal communities are not able to compete with large capital owners hence the poverty level of fishermen keeps increasing. Finally, the Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry and the Law Number 27 of 2007 on Management of Small Coastal Areas and Islands tested materially to the Constitutional Court. The research method used in this study is normative legal research. The results of the research are forms of legal protection against the existence of indigenous law communities and their traditional rights, which include protection of their indigenous rights over the status and management of indigenous forests and their protection over the management of coastal areas and small islands.

Traditional and Customary Law: Adat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Butt ◽  
Tim Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Traditional Communities

Many Indonesians—primarily those living in rural areas—still follow customary law (adat). The precise rules and processes of that adat differ significantly from place to place, even within short distances. This chapter shows that for many decades, adat has been subservient to national law. State-made law overrode it, leaving it applicable only in a very small proportion of cases where no national law applied, where judges could apply it as ‘living law’. Even in these cases, many judges ignored adat or distorted it when deciding cases. The 1945 Constitution was amended in 2000 to require the state to formally recognize and respect customary law, as practised in traditional communities. The Constitutional Court has given effect to this in various judicial review cases, as have some statutes enacted in the past decade or so. However, this constitutional and statutory ‘protection’ has been impeded in practice by requirements for traditional communities to be formally ‘recognized’ by their local governments, many of whom have been unresponsive to calls for recognition.

Amendment of the Contravention Code or Defiance of the Constitution by the Exceptional Situations Commission?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Iulian Rusanovschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

On 17.03.2020, the Parliament declared a state of emergency on the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova for the period March 17 - May 15, 2020. By the same Decision, the Parliament delegated the Commission for Exceptional Situations with the right to implement a series of measures to overcome the epidemiological situation in the country. However, in the conditions of a functioning Parliament and despite the clear and exhaustive texts of the Constitution, the Commission for Exceptional Situations amended during the state of emergency the Contravention Code, which is an organic law. The amendments specifically concerned the procedure and terms for examining infringement cases brought in connection with non-compliance with the measures adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations and the Extraordinary Commission for Public Health. In the conditions in which an organic law can be modified only by the Parliament, it is obvious the unconstitutionality, at least partial, of the Disposition no. 4 of 24.03.2020 of the Commission for Exceptional Situations, but unfortunately, the Constitutional Court is not mandated with the right to submit to constitutional review the normative acts adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations. Under these conditions, the state is obliged to identify solutions in order not to allow an authority to adopt unconstitutional normative acts that cannot be subject to constitutional review.

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