Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bixin, a Carotenoid Extracted from the Seeds of Bixa orellana

AbstractBixin is the main natural apocarotenoid extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana, widely used as a cosmetic and textile colorant. Despite the description of several pharmacological properties of B. orellana extracts, little has been studied regarding the pharmacological properties of bixin. Then we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of bixin in preclinical models of inflammation and acute pain. The anti-inflammatory activity of bixin (15 or 30 mg/kg, orally) was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in male Wistar rats. The antinociceptive effect of bixin was assessed in the formalin and hot plate tests in rats (at same doses) and in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in Swiss albino male mice (at doses of 27 or 53 mg/kg). General locomotor activity was evaluated in the open field test. Only the higher dose of bixin significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw edema and the MPO activity and increased the latency time in the hot plate. Both doses of bixin significantly reduced the number of flinches in both phases of the formalin test and the number of acetic acid-induced writhings without changing the locomotor performance in the open field test. This study validates the use of bixin as an anti-inflammatory trough mechanism related to the reduction of neutrophil migration. Furthermore, this is the first report showing the antinociceptive property of bixin, which does not appear to be related to the sedative effect. Further studies are necessary to characterize the mechanisms involved in these effects.

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Bufalin in Rodents

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2014/171839 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lili Wen ◽

Yang Huang ◽

Xianbiao Xie ◽

Wan Huang ◽

Junqiang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Formalin Test ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of bufalin, a major component of “Chan-su.” We used a carrageenan-induced paw edema model to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of this compound, and Western blot analysis detected NF-κB signaling during this effect. The antinociceptive activities were evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests; open-field test investigated effects on the central nervous system. Our data showed that bufalin (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) potently decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema. Bufalin down regulated the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) during these treatments. Further studies demonstrated that bufalin significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling. Bufalin also reduced acetic acid-induced writhing and the licking time in the formalin test and increased hot-plate reaction latencies. Naloxone pretreatment (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the early phases of the formalin test and hot-plate test significantly attenuated the bufalin-induced antinociception effects, which suggests the involvement of the opioid system. A reduction in locomotion was not observed in the open-field test after bufalin administration. Taken together, bufalin treatment resulted in in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and bufalin may be a novel, potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201620150246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 1471-1484

Author(s):

GLAUCIEMAR DEL-VECHIO-VIEIRA ◽

BRUNA C.S. SANTOS ◽

MARIA SILVANA ALVES ◽

AÍLSON L.A. ARAÚJO ◽

CÉLIA H. YAMAMOTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Tail Immersion ◽

Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine.

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INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA AFRA IN WISTAR RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.26298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 190 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mavuto Gondwe ◽

Anda Mpalala ◽

Lusanda Zongo ◽

David Kamadyaapa ◽

Eugene Ndebia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Traditional Practice ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Writhing Test ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Artemisia afra.Methods: Animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each and administered with normal saline (2 ml/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/ kg), and A. afra at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used while the hot plate and acetic acid induced-writhing tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity.Results: Pretreatment with A. afra at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not show any significant biological effects (p>0.05) for any of the three tests, when compared against saline-treated control group. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, A. afra demonstrated significant effects (p<0.01), during the 5th h reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema by 12%. The highest dose (400 mg/kg) of A. afra demonstrated more potent effects by decreasing the carrageenan-induced paw swelling (p<0.001–0.05) during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th h, by up to 38% when compared against saline-treated control group. Both the 200 and 400 mg/kg, A. afra doses achieved a significant increase (p<0.05) in reaction time in the hot plate test. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, pretreatment with A. afra (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced pain by 39% (p<0.01) by comparison with the saline control.Conclusion: Experimental data demonstrated that aqueous extract of A. afra possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in experimental acute inflammation and pain. These findings support the usage of A. afra in managing inflammation and pain in traditional practice.

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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 173-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi ◽

Ismail O. Ishola ◽

Elizabeth T. Adesanya ◽

Destiny O. Alohan

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Potassium Channel ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Cotton Pellet ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Tetracera Alnifolia ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, and rheumatism. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of T. alnifolia (HeTA) in rodents. Methods Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-/capsaicin-induced paw licking and hot plate tests in mice. The contribution of opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide, and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathways in HeTA-induced antinociception was also evaluated. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema, xylene ear edema, cotton pellet granuloma, and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Results HeTA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean number of acetic acid-induced writhing, time spent licking paw in formalin, and capsaicin tests as well as time course increase in nociceptive reaction latency in hot plate test. HeTA-induced antinociception was prevented by pretreatment of mice with naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor), or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker). HeTA (100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (1–5 h), xylene-induced ear edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, and CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The effects of HeTA in various models were similar to the effect of the standard reference drugs. Conclusions Findings from this study showed that HeTA possesses antinociceptive effect possibly mediated through peripheral opioid receptors with activation of l-arginine-nitric oxide and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathway as well as anti-inflammatory activity.

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Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Essential Oil of the Unique Plant Zhumeria majdae

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000436 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyyedeh Ghazal Miraghazadeh ◽

Hamed Shafaroodi ◽

Jinous Asgarpanah

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Active Constituent ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Zhumeria majdae essential oil were investigated in mice and rats. The analgesic activity of the oil was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy's hot plate methods while the acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by inflammatory paw edema in rat. Z. majdae oil significantly decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice compared with animals that received vehicle only. Also it exhibited a central analgesic effect as evidenced by a significant increase in reaction time in the hot plate method. The oil also significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. The inhibitory activity of Z. majdae essential oil was found to be very close to that of the standard drug, diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The studied oil was analyzed by GC and GC–MS and seventeen constituents were identified, representing 99.2% of the oil. The major components of the oil were characterized as linalool (63.4%) and camphor (27.5%), which might be responsible for these observed activities. The results suggest that Z. majdae essential oil possesses biologically active constituent(s) that have significant activity against acute inflammation and have central and peripheral antinociceptive effects which support the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant application in the management of pain and inflammation.

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Analgesic Effects and Impairment in Locomotor Activity Induced by Cannabinoid/Opioid Combinations in Rat Models of Chronic Pain

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10080523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Mohammad Alsalem ◽

Ahmad Altarifi ◽

Mansour Haddad ◽

Belal Azab ◽

Heba Kalbouneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Open Field ◽

Field Test ◽

Inflammatory Pain ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

Antinociceptive Effects

Both opioids and cannabinoids have well-known antinociceptive effects in different animal models of chronic pain. However, unwanted side effects limit their use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of combining synthetic cannabinoids with subtherapeutic doses of opioids, and to evaluate the effects of these drugs/combinations on rat’s locomotor activity. Intra-plantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hindpaw and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Von Frey filaments were used to assess the antinociceptive effects of opioids (morphine and tramadol) and the synthetic cannabinoids (HU210 and WIN55212) or their combinations on CFA and STZ-induced mechanical allodynia. Open field test was used to evaluate the effect of these drugs or their combinations on locomotion. HU210 and WIN55212 did not produce significant antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain while only the maximal dose of HU210 (1 mg/kg) was effective in neuropathic pain. Only the maximal doses of morphine (3.2 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) had significant anti-allodynic effects in both models. Tramadol (1 mg/kg) enhanced the antinociceptive effects of WIN55212 but not HU210 in neuropathic pain with no effect on inflammatory pain. However, in open field test, the aforementioned combination did not change tramadol-induced depression of locomotion. Tramadol and WIN55212 combination produces antinociceptive effects in neuropathic but not inflammatory pain at low doses with no additional risk of locomotor impairment, which may be useful in clinical practice.

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Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Laurencia caspica

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.34172/ijbsm.2020.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Katayoon Karimzadeh ◽

Mahdiyeh Ramzanpoor ◽

Shadi Keihankhadiv

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Pain Treatment ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Second Phases ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Seaweeds are valuable resources for the discovery of efficient and safe drugs for pain treatment. In the present investigation, we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of, methanolic extract of Laurencia caspica, a red algae, in mice models. Methods: The analgesic effect of methanolic extract of L. caspica was assessed by hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests in male Swiss albino mice (weight = 20-25 g). The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. caspica was also evaluated by formalin-induced ear edema and xylene-induced paw edema tests. Results: The total flavonoid content of the extract was estimated as 0.0537 mg quercetin/g extract. Both first and second phases of the nociception were significantly inhibited at a dose of 120 mg/kg of methanolic extract of L. caspica. The observed anti-inflammatory effect was dose-dependent. Acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate test showed that the extract significantly reduced pain in all evaluated doses (15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg). The antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract was significantly reduced by naloxone (4 mg/kg). Moreover, the extract significantly reduced paw edema at the dose of 120 mg/kg in all the animals. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of L. caspica exhibited central analgesic effect, as well as anti-inflammatory activity probably due to the presence of constituents like flavonoids and triterpenoids.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6- aryl-5H-[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2015.v17.i2.4866 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

O. Ye. Yadlovskyi ◽

А. Ya. Koval ◽

N. M. Seredynska ◽

T. A. Bukhtiarova ◽

T. A. Bershova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Reference Product ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Antinociceptive Activity ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Carrageenan Edema ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Derivatives Of

The search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, exceeding by efficacy and/or safety the existing analogues is very important and relevant. The nitrogenous heterocycles are promising in this respect, in particular, the compounds containing an imidazole triazol and tіadiazin moiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antiexudative and antinociceptive activity of new derivatives of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkyl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazine. The antinociceptive and antiexudative activity studies were carried out on the white nonlinear mice. The experimental evaluation of specific activity was carried out on the models “Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing (antinociceptive action) and carrageenan edema (antiexudative action). The substance was used in a single oral rout administration in a dose of 25 mg/kg. Ketorolac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg (models “Hot plate”, acetic acid induced writhing). Diclofenac was used as a reference product in the dose of 25 mg/kg on the model carrageenan edema. The experimental study showed the antinociceptive and antiexudative effects of the derivatives. The antinociceptive activity of 5,7-diacyl-3-H(alkіl)-6-aryl-5H[1,2,4]triazol[3,4-b][1,3,4]tіadiazin derivaties related to the modification structure in the para position of benzene ring. The antiexudative activity is associated with acetyl groups thiadiazine ring. The most promising compound IFT_247 showed a significant antinociceptive effect, which is comparable to an active comparator ketorolac: “Hot plate” +232.46 % and +112.71 %; acetic acid induced writhing -66.67 % and -61.02 %, respectively.

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The Essential Oil of the Fruits of Ferula stenocarpa Boiss. & Hausskn: Powerful Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2021-0273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

H. Shafaroodi ◽

J. Asgarpanah ◽

J. Asgarpanah

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Central Pain ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Analgesic Activities

Ferula stenocarpa is an aromatic herb whose fruits are widely used in Persian traditional medicine as a painkiller and to relive inflammation-based disorders. Considering the higher content of essential oil in the fruits, the oil’s anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were investigated in an animal model in vivo. The analgesic effect of Ferula stenocarpa fruits essential oil was evaluated via testing the writhing triggered by acetic acid examination and hot plate technique. Moreover, the acute anti-inflammatory effects were studied through the paw edema triggered in mice. Using 20 and 40 mg/kg of the oil revealed an analgesic impact considering the increment in the reaction time needed for the hot plate approach. Furthermore, all examined doses of the oil caused a reduction in the frequency of writhes in the mice. It was observed that the oil (40 mg/kg) followed by 10 and 20 mg/kg caused inflammatory reduction. The findings indicated that the oil may possess significant activities against acute inflammation. It had both peripheral and central pain-killing impacts. α-Pinene (43.1%) and β-pinene (22.9%) as the main constituents of the oil, can be considered as the responsible compounds to manage inflammation and pain.

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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Lantana camara L. extract in mice

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/1983-084x/11_109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.S.C. SILVA ◽

I.B. SUFFREDINI ◽

E.L. RICCI ◽

S.R.C. FERNANDES ◽

V.JR GONÇALVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Male Mice ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Active Compounds ◽

The Family ◽

Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT:he Lantana camara L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae, which contains several active compounds in leaves and roots and which are reported to have medicinal and insecticidal properties. Studies of plants within the same family show the existence of anti-inflammatory activity in paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and histamine and analgesic activity in the acetic acid writhing and tail-flick tests. The present study investigated whether the L. camara extract (ACE) also exerts these effects. The ACE toxicity was studied in male mice, and the percentage of mortality recorded 7 days after treatment was assessed. The ACE was evaluated as an antinociceptive agent in the hot plate, tail-flick and acetic acid writhing tests at a nontoxic dose of 1.0 g/Kg. The results showed that 1.5 g/Kg of ACE was not able to cause death, and doses of 3.0 and 4.0 g/Kg caused 50% and 60% death, respectively, in male mice. In all of the antinociceptive tests, 1 g/Kg of ACE markedly reduced responses to pain. Our findings suggest that ACE may have active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in much smaller doses than toxic.

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