‘Precision psychiatry’ needs to become part of ‘personalized psychiatry’

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
Giulia Maria Giordano ◽  
Pasquale Pezzella ◽  
Andrea Perrottelli ◽  
Silvana Galderisi
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personalized Psychiatry ◽  
Current Potential

Abstract‘Precision medicine’ is defined as ‘an emerging approach for treatment and prevention that takes into account each person’s variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle’. Sometimes the term ‘personalized medicine’ is also used, either as a synonym or in a broader sense. In psychiatry, the term ‘personalized’ applies to different levels of health-care provision, such as the service organization and the choice of treatment plans based on the characterization of the individual patient. This approach is already feasible but, currently, it is often hampered by the shortage of human and financial resources. Recently, the terminology of ‘precision medicine’ has been extended to psychiatry: the term ‘precision psychiatry’ refers to the full exploitation of recent scientific and technological advances to achieve a close match between individual biosignature and prevention / treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of recent advances in neuroimaging, multi-omics and computational neuroscience, which have contributed to foster our understanding of the neurobiology of major mental disorders, and led to the implementation of a precision medicine-oriented approach in psychiatry.We argue that, while ‘precision psychiatry’ represents an important step to further advance the effectiveness of the ‘personalized psychiatry’, the distinction between the two terms is important to avoid dangerous neglect of the current potential of personalized care in psychiatry and to underscore the need for disseminating good existing practices aimed at organizing mental health services and providing care according to person’s psychopathological characteristics, illness trajectory, needs, environment and preferences.In conclusion, ‘precision psychiatry’ will contribute to advance ‘personalized psychiatry’, but for the time being keeping the distinction between the two terms will contribute to fully exploit the current potential of personalized care.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL APPROACH TO THE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS AND THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT METHODS TOOTH SENSITIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
N.F. Aleshina ◽  
◽  
N.V. Piterskaya ◽  
I.V. Starikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Individual

52 patients aged 26 to 54 years (39 women and 13 men) with hypersensitivity of the teeth were examined. Taking into account the individual approach to the examination of patients, the dental status was determined, etiological factors, body features, the presence of somatic pathology, clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity of the teeth were determined, with the determination of the degree, prevalence and intensity of hyperesthesia. The study made it possible to make a rational choice of treatment and prevention measures, taking into account individual General and local manifestations of this pathology.

In silico signaling modeling to understand cancer pathways and treatment responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1115-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meik Kunz ◽  
Julian Jeromin ◽  
Maximilian Fuchs ◽  
Jan Christoph ◽  
Giulia Veronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Cancer Pathways ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Silico Models ◽  
Pan Cancer

Abstract Precision medicine has changed thinking in cancer therapy, highlighting a better understanding of the individual clinical interventions. But what role do the drivers and pathways identified from pan-cancer genome analysis play in the tumor? In this letter, we will highlight the importance of in silico modeling in precision medicine. In the current era of big data, tumor engines and pathways derived from pan-cancer analysis should be integrated into in silico models to understand the mutational tumor status and individual molecular pathway mechanism at a deeper level. This allows to pre-evaluate the potential therapy response and develop optimal patient-tailored treatment strategies which pave the way to support precision medicine in the clinic of the future.

scholarly journals Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Karen H K Yeary ◽  
Kassandra I Alcaraz ◽  
Kimlin Tam Ashing ◽  
Chungyi Chiu ◽  
Shannon M Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is centrally important to PM, yet, to date, little attention has been given to the unique context of religion and spirituality (R/S) and their applicability to PM. R/S can support and reinforce health beliefs and behaviors that affect health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how R/S can be considered in PM at multiple levels of context and recommend strategies for integrating R/S in PM. We conducted a descriptive, integrative literature review of R/S at the individual, institutional, and societal levels, with the aim of focusing on R/S factors with a high level of salience to PM. We discuss the utility of considering R/S in the suitability and uptake of PM prevention and treatment strategies by providing specific examples of how R/S influences health beliefs and practices at each level. We also propose future directions in research and practice to foster greater understanding and integration of R/S to enhance the acceptability and patient responsiveness of PM research approaches and clinical practices. Elucidating the context of R/S and its value to PM can advance efforts toward a more whole-person and patient-centered approach to improve individual and population health.

Update on Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1909-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Calamelli ◽  
Paolo Bottau ◽  
Marcello Lanari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Individual

Background: Asthma represents a worldwide health problem with a strong morbidity and a major impact on the health care system. Multiple efforts have been made towards the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. In the light of this the present review of the literature aimed at summarizing the latest advances in prevention and treatment of pediatric asthma with a focus on the most effective options of interventions during the first stages of life. Methods: References were identified by searches of PubMed. Search terms used in the search were “pediatric asthma”, “treatment” and “prevention”. We included only meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, reviews and systematic review articles pertaining to humans and subjects aged 0-18 years. All the interventions have been classified as “non-pharmacological” and “pharmacological”. Results: Non-pharmacological interventions have been focused in identifying the genetic and environmental factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease, including the individual genetic susceptibility, the early allergic sensitization, the role of the environmental microbiome and the exposure to infections and to pollutants. Moreover, the optimization of the existing pharmacological strategies and the development of new treatment options have improved markedly the management of this disease, thereby reducing the health care costs and ameliorating the quality of life of patients. Conclusion: Childhood asthma prevention and treatment still represents a worldwide challenge. Future efforts should be aimed at identifying high risk target populations, minimizing the costs of each policy of intervention and increasing adherence to treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine for Lysosomal Disorders

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Filippo Pinto e Vairo ◽  
Diana Rojas Málaga ◽  
Francyne Kubaski ◽  
Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza ◽  
Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Lysosomal Function ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lysosomal Disorders ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Enzyme Activators

Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that accounts for the individual variability in the genes, environment, and lifestyle of each person. Lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of genetic metabolic disorders that include approximately 70 monogenic conditions caused by a defect in lysosomal function. LDs may result from primary lysosomal enzyme deficiencies or impairments in membrane-associated proteins, lysosomal enzyme activators, or modifiers that affect lysosomal function. LDs are heterogeneous disorders, and the phenotype of the affected individual depends on the type of substrate and where it accumulates, which may be impacted by the type of genetic change and residual enzymatic activity. LDs are individually rare, with a combined incidence of approximately 1:4000 individuals. Specific therapies are already available for several LDs, and many more are in development. Early identification may enable disease course prediction and a specific intervention, which is very important for clinical outcome. Driven by advances in omics technology, PM aims to provide the most appropriate management for each patient based on the disease susceptibility or treatment response predictions for specific subgroups. In this review, we focused on the emerging diagnostic technologies that may help to optimize the management of each LD patient and the therapeutic options available, as well as in clinical developments that enable customized approaches to be selected for each subject, according to the principles of PM.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ann Hoeben ◽  
Elbert A. J. Joosten ◽  
Marieke H. J. van den Beuken-van Everdingen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Personalized medicine (PM) or precision medicine in oncology is an emerging approach for tumor treatment and prevention that takes into account inter- and intra-tumor variability in genes, tumor (immune) environment, and lifestyle and morbidities of each person diagnosed with cancer [...]

scholarly journals Imaging of metastatic cervical nodes: is CT helpful in differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from non-SCC groups?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamya A. Eissa ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Mehanna
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Nodal Size ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Comparative Statistical Analysis

Abstract Background Cervical node metastasis is frequently encountered in CT neck of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and non-(SCC). Differentiation between both entities carries its value on prognosis and choice of treatment plans. The purpose of the study was to compare between the SCC and non-SCC metastatic cervical adenopathies according to different imaging parameters with the use of comparative statistical analysis of any of these criteria. This was made by retrospectively studying 157 patients. Imaging analyzed the following parameters: nodal size, laterality, nodal levels, “grouping” of nodes, nodal shape, and “periphery,” as well as the presence or absence of nodal “necrosis.” Statistics are made to show significant differences between both groups. Results The criterion of necrosis had statistical significance, being more prevalent among the SCC groups. Involvement of levels I, II, and supra clavicular was more prevalent among SCC patients. Age and sex had also some statistical significance. Conclusions The combination of different imaging parameters could distinguish SCC from non-SCC. Nodal “necrosis”—(excluding “cystic”)—combined with involvement of nodal levels II and being in older-aged men were statistically significant in the SCC compared to non-SCC.

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