THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic Immune Responses by Dietary 1-Kestose Supplementation in Healthy Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T. Tochio ◽  
Y. Kadota ◽  
Y. Asami ◽  
R. Azuma ◽  
R. Oishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
System 1

1-Kestose is a trisaccharide prebiotic that modifies immune responses in humans and rodents with allergic diseases by altering the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we examined the effects of 1-kestose supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, peripheral lymphocyte subsets, and antibody production in healthy dogs. Fecal IgA levels and serum antibody titers against the rabies vaccine were not significantly affected by 1-kestose supplementation. In a flow cytometric analysis, the percentage of T cells among total lymphocytes decreased, whereas that of B cells increased in supplemented dogs. A metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased, while that of Lactobacillus did not decrease in supplemented dogs. Furthermore, a quantification analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased in supplemented dogs. These results suggest that 1-kestose supplementation induced modifications in the intestinal microbiota of dogs, which presumably enhanced the immune system. 1-Kestose may be a useful food material as a prebiotic for dogs.

Climate change and its impact on the development of allergic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Earth Temperature

Since the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a widespread increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Much attention is paid to the changing climate and its influence on the development of allergies, mainly of the respiratory system. In many countries, studies are intensifying to study the relationship of various weather phenomena, air pollution, Earth temperature with the course of certain allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Global strategies for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are being developed. This review provides data from international studies demonstrating the negative impact on human health and the development of allergic diseases of the respiratory system, in particular asthma: a global rise in Earth temperature, air pollution, dust storms, forest fires, dampness in rooms and atmospheric mold, thunderstorms and floods.

scholarly journals Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements for Optimal Function and Performance Enhancement in Track-and-Field Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Peeling ◽  
Linda M. Castell ◽  
Wim Derave ◽  
Olivier de Hon ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Function ◽  
Specific Scenario

Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete’s goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.

scholarly journals Role of Legal Principles in Eliminating and Minimizing the Risks of Genomic Technologies

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Maleina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Genomic

The use of modern genomic technologies, along with the benefits to the man and society, can lead to negative consequences. Such risks exist both in the process and after the production, isolation, modification, storage of DNA. Prior to detailed legislative regulation of relations regarding the use of genomic technologies for medicinal purposes and not for medical reasons, legal principles become vital.The paper formulates the following basic legal principles of genomic technologies application: the principle of preventive actions of the state to protect citizens from the risks of using genomic technologies; the principle of preserving the human genome as a special species; the principle of guaranteeing the inviolability of the individual of every citizen when using genomic technologies; the principle of priority of life and health of citizens over the interests of science and society; the principle of equality of citizens regardless of genetic characteristics; the principle of protection of genetic information of every citizen as part of personal data; the principle of guaranteeing access to the citizen’s own genetic information. Legal principles can be used to resolve a dispute by analogy of law.

scholarly journals Biochemical study of hepatoprotective collection of plant origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Lapin ◽  
◽  
Irek G. Garifullin ◽  
Valery N. Zelenkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metabolic Regulators

The article presents the results of biochemical studies of the total antioxidant activity of the hepatoprotective collection of plant origin and its individual components, which show that it consists of birch leaves (Betulae folia), tansy flowers (Tanaceti flores), phytohepatol No. 2 (choleretic collection No. 2) and individual its components have pronounced antioxidant activity. More antioxidant activity founded in tansy and true hepatoprotective collection. Comparative tests of the flowers of meadowsweet, with the highest antioxidant activity, showed the promise of their use in the collections of medicinal plants as effective natural metabolic regulators. The total antioxidant activity of the water extract collection at 13.56% rel. exceeded the calculated value obtained by summing the activities of the individual components of the collection, which indicates the presence of synergism in their action, which may be of value for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. When all components of the drug collection are finished, the indicator increases by 11-24 % rel., which indicates the thermal stability of the antioxidant substances that make up their composition. In the oxidation of aqueous extracts of the components of hepatoprotective collection with hydrogen peroxide, the most stable were antioxidants of birch leaves. It was found that collection only at a ratio of 7.7 g per liter of water shows synergism (15 % rel.), and the rest of all the samples we tested are antagonistic. The detected increase in the antioxidant activity of the new collection compared with the effects of its individual components allows us to consider it as a promising dosage form for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota and Allergy. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Makarova ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Oksana A. Ereshko ◽  
Dmitry S. Yasakov ◽  
Pavel E. Sadchikov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Intestinal Microbiocenosis

Intestinal microbiota is the factor that identifies considerably the human health. The impact of the microbial factor on a child begins long before his birth. Children have certain features in forming of immune response and intestinal microbiocenosis even before birth. Decline in diversity of intestinal microbiota is common in children with allergic disease even during first months of life, before allergic pathology development. Capabilities for microbiota development adjustment are sufficiently restricted. However it is clinically proven that early (within the first hours of life) breastfeeding attachment, breastfeeding itself within at least first 6 months of life, the use of prebiotics in milk formulas as well as the use of probiotics can give positive results on allergy management. In this review we present results of recent metaanalyses and consensus papers of international medical communities about use of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite great scientific and practical interest to this topic, authors of metaanalyses bring our attention to the lack of evidence-based clinical trials.

scholarly journals Immune Homeostasis: New Role of Micro- and Macroelements, Healthy Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 206-233
Author(s):  
S. Bulgakova ◽  
N. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Program ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Individual

The availability of innovative technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and correlated bioinformatics tools, allows deeper investigation of the cross-network relationships between the microbiota and human immune responses. Immune homeostasis is the balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses — a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. A healthy microbiota is the qualitative and quantitative ratio of diverse microbes of individual organs and systems, maintaining the biochemical, metabolic and immune equilibrium of the macroorganism necessary to preserve human health. The studies of P. I. Romanchuk found that the microbiota is a key element potentially capable of influencing antigen functions to induce a protective immune response and the ability of the immune system to adequately respond to antigenic stimulation (vaccine efficacy) by acting as an immunological modulator as well as a natural vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system play a crucial role, especially at an early age (early gut microbiota forms immunological functions). New interactions, along with other genetic and environmental factors, lead to a certain composition and richness of the microbiota, which can diversify the individual response to vaccinations. Variations in microbial communities may explain the geographical effectiveness of vaccination. Modern technologies for quantifying the specific and functional characteristics of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, along with fundamental and new concepts in the field of immunology, have revealed numerous ways in which the interaction of the host and microbiota proceeds favorably, neutrally or unfavorably. The gut microbiota has a strong influence on the shape and quality of the immune system, respectively, the immune system determines the composition and localization of the microbiota. Thus, a healthy microbiota directly modulates intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. The new managed healthy biomicrobiota and personalized functional and balanced nutrition of the “brain and microbiota” is a patient's long-term medical program that allows the combined use of nutritional epigenetics and pharmacepigenetics, and most importantly, an increase in the protective mechanisms of immunity.

scholarly journals Welsh Government Flying Start Programme Evaluation Using Linked Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lowe ◽  
Laura McGinn ◽  
Marcos Quintela ◽  
Luke Player ◽  
Karen Tingay
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Families With Children

BackgroundFlying Start (FS) is the Welsh Government’s (WG) flagship Early Years programme for families with children aged less than 4 years of age. Running since 2006, the four entitlements are: Free part-time childcare for 2-3 year olds Enhanced Health Visiting Parenting support Speech, language, and communication support ObjectivesCurrently, while we know which areas in Wales are receiving FS support, individual-level data on which child received what entitlements is not available. Area-level outcomes can be used as proxy indicators but the individual impact of receiving FS support cannot be examined.The project aims to evaluate FS by linking the FS cohort to a range of outcomes including health, education and social care. MethodsA Dataflow Development Project (DDP) has been launched to install SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) appliances into 6 pilot Local Authorities in Wales which will test acquiring and linking the individual level FS data from pilot Local Authorities with other datasets in SAIL. FindingsThe project will report some emerging findings from the analysis of pilot data. ImplicationsThere is a growing interest in using linked administrative data to evaluate government initiatives, and mounting enthusiasm in Local Government. If successful, this model is likely to be adopted by related WG programmes; improving the evidence base, facilitating effective evaluation, and adding to the data available for re-use in Wales.

On the importance of psychological factors in allergic diseases in children

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-221
Author(s):  
I. S. Aron ◽  
A. M. Potemkin
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
First Year ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
First Year Of Life

Allergic diseases account for 20-25% in the overall structure of all morbidity in Russia [5]. The problem of prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is especially urgent, because allergic diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of childhood diseases. According to A.M. Potemkina, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children are most effective in the first three years of life. In children of the first year of life, monoallergy prevails, that is, one allergic disease (85%).

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