AMNOG Arbitral Awards: Analysis of the Decisions of the Arbitration Board Ten Years after AMNOG Implementation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Dorff ◽  
David Matusiewicz ◽  
Christian Thielscher
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Reimbursement Price ◽  
Arbitration Board

Abstract Aim The analysis investigates the arbitral awards of the last ten years with regards to the characteristics of pharmaceuticals, contractual details and decisions of the arbitration board. Method Arbitral awards until end of 2020 were considered for the analysis. Data were gathered from the arbitral awards, the corresponding G-BA resolutions and the Lauer-Taxe. Results Nearly 50 % of the arbitral awards were based on an additional benefit. Besides the reimbursement price the duration of the contract, sales volume and redemption of the manufacturer’s discount were most commonly set by the arbitration board. Rebates set by the arbitration board seem to be higher than overall AMNOG rebates and appear to vary depending on the extent of the additional benefit. Conclusion While the arbitral awards show a strong variability and individuality a few patterns can be identified.

scholarly journals PENGARUH HARGA TERHADAP VOLUME PENJUALAN MIE INSTAN GORENG PADA MINIMARKET INDOMARET MANISREJO DI KOTA MADIUN

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianus Widya Kristianto
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
List Price ◽  
High Price ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
T Values ◽  
A Company ◽  
Instant Noodle

In general,  the high  and low price  of a commodity  is very important  for a trading company in selling the products so increasing  its sales volume. Price is one ele- ment of a marketing  strategy is used as a benchmark  for consumers  to obtain goods or services, so as to achieve the objectives of the company  (at a profit).While  sales volume is all of the  sales result  that can be achieved  by a company  and  can be measured  by specific units. Usually the lower price of product  it can increase sales volume, while high price of product  will resulting  in decreased  sales volume. But in fact the consumers  is often assume the price is the determining factor of a product  quality, high price goods is generally considered  to have better quality  than the goods whose have  low prices. The method used in the research is quantitative,  the research conducted  at Minimarket  espe- cially in Indomaret Manisrejo Madiun city. The data obtained from the documentation  of the closing monthly  data of Indomaret Manisrejo  in Madiun which are contain list price and sales volume.  The result  of analysis  data obtained  in this research using regression correlation  test, F test, and t test. In correlation values obtained rhit <= rtable (0,396 <= 0,444) or sig(hit) > = sig(prob) (0,84 >= 0,05), so we can conclude that H, is accepted it means there is no relationship   between   the price  of the  fried  instant   noodle  sales  volume  in minimarket Indomaret   Manisrejo   in Madiun  city. Fisher's   test values  obtained  in Fbit< Flabe(l3,339  < 4,414) or sighil > sigprob(0,84  > 0,05).  So we  can conclude  that Ho is accepted   its means that no price impact  on the sales volume  of instant  fried noodle  on minimarket   Indomaret Manisrejo in Madiun.  While  in regression coefficient test / test t values  obtained  thit< ttabel (-1,827  < 0,842)  or  values  sighit > sigprob (0,84  > 0,05), it can  be  concluded   that  H, is accepted,   it means  that  there  is no difference  price  to price  effect  of sales  volume   fried instant  noodle  on minimarket   Indomaret   Manisrejo   in Madiun.

scholarly journals MARKETING STRATEGY OF CHICKEN EGG ON NRPS SHOP IN TANAH DATAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Vivi Nila Sari ◽  
Marta Widian Sari ◽  
Yosi Yulia ◽  
Ratma Helmi Wati
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to determine the use of marketing strategies that will increase sales volume. This research consists of one independent variable that is Marketing Strategy and one Dependent Variable that is Sales Volume. The analysis method used is SWOT Analysis. Data collection methods in this study is to use interviews on Kiosk owners N.R.P.S. The results of SWOT analysis in this study indicate that SO strategy on Kiosk N.R.P.S is Do concentrated growth on human resources and open special training place, Do market development and Add chicken coop unit and employees. The WO Strategy at Kiosk N.R.P.S is Innovating in technology, innovating in promotions and focusing more on the division of labor. ST strategy at Kiosk N.R.P.S is to innovate the product, keep stabilizing the price and provide good service. WT Strategy on Kiosk N.R.P.S is Aggressive in Promotion and Perform monthly recording. Keywords : Marketing Strategy and Sales Volume.

LIVING WITH HEPATITIS: THE EFFECT OF INFECTED SUBJECTS ON EVERYDAY LIFE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Life Change Events ◽  
Life Change ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Content Review

To identify changes in the everyday life of hepatitis subjects, we conducted a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative analysis. Data from 12 hepatitis B and/or C patients were collected in October 2011 through a semi-structured interview and subjected to thematic content review. Most subjects have been diagnosed with hepatitis B. The diagnosis period ranged from less than 6 months to 12 years, and the diagnosis was made predominantly through the donation of blood. Interferon was used in only two patients. The findings were divided into two groups that define the interviewees' feelings and responses, as well as some lifestyle changes. It was concluded that the magnitude of phenomena about the disease process and life with hepatitis must be understood to health professionals. Keywords: Hepatitis; Nursing; Communicable diseases; Diagnosis; Life change events; Nursing care.

ANALISIS BIAYA VOLUME LABA PADA PT. HADINATA BROTHER DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENINGKATAN PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Rizqi
Keyword(s):  
Accounting System ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Key Words Cost Analysis ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
Break Even Point

Cost volume profit is concerned with determining the sales volume and product mix needed to achieve the level of profit. This analysis is a tool that will provide information to management about the relationship between costs, profits, product mix and sales volume based on the following assumptions: that all costs can be separated into part variable and part fixed, and that the total fixed costs are constant throughout the range analysis, and total variable costs change proportionately to changes in volume. The purpose of this study was to find a level of significance, the analysis reports in a vertical Income, Profit and Loss report analyzes horizontal and analytical results reported in the Profit and Loss concern cost volume profit at PT. Hadinata BROTHERSThe research method used is a case study method. This method covers the activities carried out by conducting research directly to the location to obtain the necessary data in connection with the problem under study. The study was conducted at the manufacturing company PT Hadinata BROTHERSFrom the results of research conducted, that the PT Hadinata BROTHERS January sales of 100%, February 77.02%, March 69.63%, 69.96% April, May 38.23%, 41.92% June decline highly significant, while the price of goods sold in January 97.65%, February 98.73%, March 90.59%, 97.66% April, May 177.40%, 112.25% in June and operating costs of January 2, 87% February 2.84% March 2.57% April 3.22% May 5.64% June 6.22%. Resulting in profits in January -0.53% February -1.67% March 6.83% -0.88% April, May -83.05%, -18.47% in June. So the calculation of break even point analysis (BEP) for January Rp. 1.884.750.000, February Rp. 1.6245 billion, in March Rp. 1.953.437.500, In April Rp. 1.889.750.000, May Rp. 1.323.000.000, June Rp. 1211370000.The results of the evaluation in this study that Analysis on the Income Statement in a vertical, PT Hadinata BROTHERS unprofitable can be said because it has not shown the numbers increased continuously. Overall in each unit of the income statement is presented there are irregularities that occurred at the Cost of Goods Sold which almost every month figures show a drop sales Cost of Goods or small. Analysis on the income statement horizontally, PT. Hadinata BROTHERS is a graph showing a decline in the percentage of each month. Overall figures on Cost of Goods Sold problems are large, while the sales figures showed a decline in every month. To anticipate the losses the company needs to make cost accounting system is organized so it can be budgeted revenues, expenses and profits as well. Key words: cost analysis of volume, profitability profit 

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