Phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of a standardized willow bark extract

Objective: phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves, in addition to evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the AME and EAF. Docking was used to predict and understand cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves was subjected to different chromatographic separation techniques. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques (1H/13C NMR). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT cell viability assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The docking study was conducted using Auto Dock Vina; the estrogen receptor (PDB 5t92) was used as a receptor for the docking. Results: Chromatographic separation techniques were led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified to be apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Vitexin) (1), apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isovitexin) (2), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Orientin) (4), luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isoorientin) (5). They were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant species. The AME and EAF showed moderate activity against Gram positive and Gram negatvie bacteria, while both of them showed similar and powerful antioxidant activity with SC50 = 12.8±0.56 µg/ml and SC50 = 17±0.77 µg/ml respectively, compared to ascorbic (reference drug) SC50 = 14.2±0.35 µg/ml. The EAF showed higher cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), with IC50 = 12.3 ± 1.82 µg/ml, compared to Vinblastine Sulfate (reference drug). All isolated compounds showed good binding affinity to the estrogen receptors existed in the MCF-7 cell. Conclusion: Five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from the EAF of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves. The AME and EAF extracts showed variable antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

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Ethyl acetate fraction of Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) attenuates lead acetate induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Glory Olubusayo Adesiyan ◽

Temitope Olaoluwa Talabi ◽

Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale ◽

Temitope Funmi Ogundare

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Male Rats ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Testicular Toxicity

Abstract Objectives The use of Spathodea campanulata in folklore medicine for the management of reproductive disorders has been poorly reported. We sought to investigate the protective potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of S. campanulata stem bark extract (EFSC) on lead acetate-induced (LA) testicular toxicity in male rats. Methods Animals during a 28 days treatment received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.1%), LA (20 mg/kg), and EFSC (200 mg/kg). Others received EFSC only (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or vitamin E (100 mg/kg) 1 h prior to LA (20 mg/kg) administration. Results LA administration decreased sperm counts and motility by 36.39 and 40.69% respectively in rats. Also, LA-untreated rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased total proteins in testis (260, 33%) and epididymis (62, 29%) respectively. However, EFSC (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) administrations improved sperm morphological characteristics as well as antioxidant status in LA-treated rats. EFSC (400 mg/kg) showed improved testis seminiferous tubules that were almost normal in the LA-treated rats. Further, EFSC contains a high 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Conclusions Overall, evidence by LA-induced testicular toxicity, EFSC provides chemopreventive roles via antioxidant mechanisms.

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Further isolation and identification of anti-diabetic principles from root bark of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv.: The ethyl acetate fraction contains bioactive phenolic compounds that improve liver cell glucose homeostasis

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2019.112167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 112167 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pierre B. Kasangana ◽

Hoda M. Eid ◽

Abir Nachar ◽

Tatjana Stevanovic ◽

Pierre S. Haddad

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Liver Cell ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Root Bark ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Cell Glucose

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PENENTUAN POTENSI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN SIKKAM (Bischofia javanica Blume) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE DPPH DAN SITOTOKSIK DENGAN METODE BSLT

Alotrop ◽

10.33369/atp.v4i1.13715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dapot Parulian Manurung ◽

Agus Sundaryono ◽

Hermansyah Amir

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Anticancer Agent ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Test Results ◽

Bischofia Javanica ◽

Ethanol Fraction

This study aims to determine the level of antioxidant activity of Sikkam bark extract (Bischofia javanica Blume) and its potential as an anticancer agent. This research was conducted in November 2018 - April 2019 in the Laboratory of Chemical Education Guidance and Counseling and Basic Science Laboratory, University of Bengkulu. The sample in this study was obtained from Gunung Mariah village in Simalungun district, North Sumatra. The method used in this study was extraction using maceration, liquid-liquid fractionation, phytochemical test, DPPH (Diphenylpicrylhiydrazyl) test and BSLT test (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Extraction maceration using ethanol 96%, fractionation using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate, phytochemical tests using Mayer's reagent, Lieberman-Burchard, FeCl3 1% and H2SO4 2N, antioxidant test using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and cytotoxic tests using shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae. The results of the study on maceration of 800 grams of Sikkam bark obtained a crude extract of 53.6 grams (6.7%). Fractionation from 10 grams of crude extract obtained 7.24 gram ethanol fraction (72.4%), ethyl acetate fraction 2.14 gram (21.4%) and n-Hexane fraction 0.39 gram (3.9%). Phytochemical test results obtained the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids with the highest yield on tannin compounds. The antioxidant activity test results obtained IC50 values in crude extracts of 20.94 ppm, ethanol fraction 36.29 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction 83.28 ppm and n-Hexane fraction 39.13 ppm which showed that crude extract, ethanol fraction, n-Hexane fraction were categorized as very strong antioxidants and Ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as a strong antioxidant. The cytotoxic test results using crude extract obtained an LC50 value of 54,827 ppm which showed that Sikkam bark extract was toxic so that it was potential as an anticancer agent.

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Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of the endemic Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emberger& Maire

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.13171/mjc10202002111248ittz ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 146-154

Author(s):

Imane Tagnaout ◽

Hannou Zerkani ◽

Sanae Amine ◽

Kamal Fadili ◽

Nadia Benhlima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Health Disorders ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Plants of the Lamiaceae family are widely used for medicinal, cosmetic and culinary purposes. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tannins are the main constituents of these plants; they have a proven multidirectional biological activity. Polyphenols have exceptional antioxidant potential, and they can intervene in the prevention of many health disorders. This work aims to study the composition and antioxidant power of phenolic compounds from crude extracts and fractions of Origanum elongatum leaves. This specie was subjected to phytochemical study through precipitation, turbidity and coloring reactions to highlight their secondary metabolites qualitative composition. Polyphenolic extraction was made by Soxhlet using two solvents: methanol 70%, ethanol 70%. Then, methanol’s crude was fractionated with solvents having escalating polarity; ethyl acetate, n-butanol. The polyphenols and flavonoids contents were spectrophotometrically estimated using Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminum Trichloride methods. The antioxidant power of crude and fractionated extracts was evaluated by diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH●) and iron (FRAP) tests. The screening tests showed the existence of polyphenols, mucilages, sterols and triterpenes, oses and holosides. The highest yield of extraction is obtained by 70% methanol, with an average of 32.29%. Quantitative assays indicated that the hydroethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction possessed high amount of polyphenols and flavonoids compared with other fractions and subsequently exhibited a marked scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 = 0,085±0,002 and 0,112±0,003 mg/ml, respectively) and high reductive ability on ferric ion assay with IC50 = 0,181±0,004 mg/ml, 0,291±0,005 mg/ml, respectively.

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Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Lannea microcarpa Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) Trunk Barks Corrects Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9464608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mathieu Nitiéma ◽

Raffaella Soleti ◽

Camille Koffi ◽

Lazare Belemnaba ◽

Patricia Mallegol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Cox 2

Traditional remedies prepared from Lannea microcarpa leaves, barks, roots, and fruits are used to treat many diseases including hypertension. This study investigated whether oral administration of the ethyl acetate fraction of Lannea microcarpa trunk barks (LMAE) corrects angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension in mice. Its effects on vascular function were specifically investigated. Experiments explored hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in vivo and vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and CaCl2ex vivo on isolated aortas. Mice received LMAE for 3 weeks (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage. In the last two weeks of treatment, mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering NaCl (0.9%) or Ang II (0.5 mg/kg/day). LMAE completely prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure induced by Ang II. Echocardiographic and kidney parameters were not affected by the different conditions. LMAE abrogated Ang II-induced impairment of ACh-induced relaxation without affecting that of sodium nitroprusside. LMAE also completely prevented CaCl2-induced contraction in KCl-exposed aorta ex vivo. The extract alone did not modify superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO⋅) production in femoral arteries from control mice but significantly limited Ang II-induced O2- production. These effects were associated with reduced expression of inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase isoform NOX-2 in aortas. Finally, phytochemical analysis showed that LMAE contains sterols, triterpenes, coumarins, and anthraquinone. These results showed that LMAE prevents Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction through a reduction of oxidative stress linked to COX-2 and NOX-2 pathway and inhibition of calcium entry. This study provides pharmacological basis of the empirical use of Lannea microcarpa trunk bark extract against hypertension.

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GC-MS and LC-MS Identification of the Phenolic Compounds Present in the ethyl Acetate Fraction Obtained from Senna tora, L. Roxb. seeds

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2018.1508138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (19) ◽

pp. 2878-2881

Author(s):

Noha Fathalla ◽

Mokhtar Bishr ◽

Abdel Nasser Singab ◽

Osama Salama

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction

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Inhibition of Alpha-Amylase Activity by Gymnocarpos decandrus Forssk. Constituents

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i6.8193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Amal Sallam ◽

Amal A Galala

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Gymnocarpos decandrus, the plant growing wildly in the middle east area and north Africa, showed a promising -amylase inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant showed the highest inhibitory activity followed by the methylene chloride fraction. Phytochemical investigation of both fractions led to the isolation of 10 compounds; oleanolic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), apigenin (3), β-sitosterol glucoside (4), luteolin (5), afzelechin (6), epiafzelechin (7), catechin (8), epicatechin (9) and gallocatechin (10). The structures of compounds 1-10 were established on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques. This is the first report for the isolation of these compounds from G. decandrus. The phenolic compounds (6-10) isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest -amylase inhibitory activity. The more the hydroxylation pattern of the isolated phenolic compounds (6, 8, 9 and 10), the higher the ability to inhibit the -amylase activity. This was confirmed through the molecular docking experiment. The wild plant G. decandrus is a promising -amylase inhibitor that can be used in the management of obesity and diabetes mellitus.

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Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.670530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Salihu Abdallah ◽

Muskhazli Mustafa ◽

Meenakshii A/P. Nallappan ◽

Sangho Choi ◽

Jin-Hyub Paik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Gallic acid and catechin are the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid contents found in all plant extracts. The contents and the bioassay-guided fractionating substances of the Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) fraction played vital roles. The goals of the study were to determine the contents of some useful medicinal plants and the bioassay-guided fractionation substances of S. birrea fraction compounds capable of acting against Salmonella isolate using LC-MS/LC-HRMS (Dionex ultimate 3000 RS UPLC with Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometer). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent procedure and flavonoid content determination were conducted spectrophotometrically. Bioassay-guided fractionation, chronological partitioning, and screening of the antibacterial action against Salmonella typhi were performed. The ethyl acetate fraction extracts of S. birrea stem (bark) extract were analyzed using LC-MS/LC-HRMS. The gallic acid content increased tremendously in Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter and Mabb (Fabaceae) pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9958). Catechin content increase was significantly increased in S. birrea stem (bark) extracts followed by that of V. nilotica pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9993); they were all significantly different in the Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. and the Leptadenia lanceolata (Poir.) Goyder leaves extracts at p value <0.0001. Subsequently, 10 mg/ml of S. birrea stem (bark) ethyl acetate fraction extract was the MIC, where no MBC was recorded and susceptible to the positive control with the highest inhibition zone, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction extract at 10 mg/ml (9.7 ± 0.0) at Turkey’s p < 0.0001. Vidarabine is one of the novel compounds, specifically having antimicrobial actions, found in the S. birrea stem (bark). Reasonable amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents determined the actions of the individual plant extract.

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