Utilization of the ethyl acetate fraction of Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark extract as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh kumar Santhanam ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract

Ethyl acetate fraction of Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) attenuates lead acetate induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glory Olubusayo Adesiyan ◽  
Temitope Olaoluwa Talabi ◽  
Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale ◽  
Temitope Funmi Ogundare
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Toxicity

Abstract Objectives The use of Spathodea campanulata in folklore medicine for the management of reproductive disorders has been poorly reported. We sought to investigate the protective potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of S. campanulata stem bark extract (EFSC) on lead acetate-induced (LA) testicular toxicity in male rats. Methods Animals during a 28 days treatment received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.1%), LA (20 mg/kg), and EFSC (200 mg/kg). Others received EFSC only (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or vitamin E (100 mg/kg) 1 h prior to LA (20 mg/kg) administration. Results LA administration decreased sperm counts and motility by 36.39 and 40.69% respectively in rats. Also, LA-untreated rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased total proteins in testis (260, 33%) and epididymis (62, 29%) respectively. However, EFSC (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) administrations improved sperm morphological characteristics as well as antioxidant status in LA-treated rats. EFSC (400 mg/kg) showed improved testis seminiferous tubules that were almost normal in the LA-treated rats. Further, EFSC contains a high 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Conclusions Overall, evidence by LA-induced testicular toxicity, EFSC provides chemopreventive roles via antioxidant mechanisms.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN POTENSI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN SIKKAM (Bischofia javanica Blume) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE DPPH DAN SITOTOKSIK DENGAN METODE BSLT

Alotrop ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapot Parulian Manurung ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Hermansyah Amir
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bischofia Javanica ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

This study aims to determine the level of antioxidant activity of Sikkam bark extract (Bischofia javanica Blume) and its potential as an anticancer agent. This research was conducted in November 2018 - April 2019 in the Laboratory of Chemical Education Guidance and Counseling and Basic Science Laboratory, University of Bengkulu. The sample in this study was obtained from Gunung Mariah village in Simalungun district, North Sumatra. The method used in this study was extraction using maceration, liquid-liquid fractionation, phytochemical test, DPPH (Diphenylpicrylhiydrazyl) test and BSLT test (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Extraction maceration using ethanol 96%, fractionation using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate, phytochemical tests using Mayer's reagent, Lieberman-Burchard, FeCl3 1% and H2SO4 2N, antioxidant test using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and cytotoxic tests using shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae. The results of the study on maceration of 800 grams of Sikkam bark obtained a crude extract of 53.6 grams (6.7%). Fractionation from 10 grams of crude extract obtained 7.24 gram ethanol fraction (72.4%), ethyl acetate fraction 2.14 gram (21.4%) and n-Hexane fraction 0.39 gram (3.9%). Phytochemical test results obtained the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids with the highest yield on tannin compounds. The antioxidant activity test results obtained IC50 values in crude extracts of 20.94 ppm, ethanol fraction 36.29 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction 83.28 ppm and n-Hexane fraction 39.13 ppm which showed that crude extract, ethanol fraction, n-Hexane fraction were categorized as very strong antioxidants and Ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as a strong antioxidant. The cytotoxic test results using crude extract obtained an LC50 value of 54,827 ppm which showed that Sikkam bark extract was toxic so that it was potential as an anticancer agent.

scholarly journals Screening Bioactivity of Kersen Fruits (Muntingia calabura L.) as a Sunscreens Candidate

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Syamsu Nur ◽  
Nursamsiar Nursamsiar ◽  
Muhammad Aswad ◽  
Aprilia Ester Eunike Tumigolung ◽  
Risfah Yulianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) fruits have the potential to be used as an active ingredient in sunscreens because of phenolic and flavonoid content that can absorb UV rays. This study aims to determine the percentage of erythema/pigmentation transmission and SPF value as parameters for sunscreen activity.  Kersen fruits were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. The ethanol extract of Kersen Fruits was also fractionated to separate the components of the active compounds based on the polarity level using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. The test was carried out using the in vitro method by measuring the ability of the material to absorb ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 292.5-372.5 nm. This research was conducted at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 600, and  800 µg/mL for ethanol, lyophilisate, n-hexane, and ethanol fractions, while the ethyl acetate fraction concentrations are 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 µg/mL. The results showed the best value at the ethyl acetate fraction concentration of 250 µg/mL with % Te of 5.28 and % Tp of 28.65 and the SPF value of 16.54. Based on the % Te and Tp, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited protection against erythema and pigmentation with the category of extra protection and based on the SPF value with the category of ultra protection.

scholarly journals Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Lannea microcarpa Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) Trunk Barks Corrects Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nitiéma ◽  
Raffaella Soleti ◽  
Camille Koffi ◽  
Lazare Belemnaba ◽  
Patricia Mallegol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cox 2

Traditional remedies prepared from Lannea microcarpa leaves, barks, roots, and fruits are used to treat many diseases including hypertension. This study investigated whether oral administration of the ethyl acetate fraction of Lannea microcarpa trunk barks (LMAE) corrects angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension in mice. Its effects on vascular function were specifically investigated. Experiments explored hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in vivo and vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and CaCl2ex vivo on isolated aortas. Mice received LMAE for 3 weeks (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage. In the last two weeks of treatment, mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering NaCl (0.9%) or Ang II (0.5 mg/kg/day). LMAE completely prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure induced by Ang II. Echocardiographic and kidney parameters were not affected by the different conditions. LMAE abrogated Ang II-induced impairment of ACh-induced relaxation without affecting that of sodium nitroprusside. LMAE also completely prevented CaCl2-induced contraction in KCl-exposed aorta ex vivo. The extract alone did not modify superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO⋅) production in femoral arteries from control mice but significantly limited Ang II-induced O2- production. These effects were associated with reduced expression of inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase isoform NOX-2 in aortas. Finally, phytochemical analysis showed that LMAE contains sterols, triterpenes, coumarins, and anthraquinone. These results showed that LMAE prevents Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction through a reduction of oxidative stress linked to COX-2 and NOX-2 pathway and inhibition of calcium entry. This study provides pharmacological basis of the empirical use of Lannea microcarpa trunk bark extract against hypertension.

scholarly journals Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salihu Abdallah ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Meenakshii A/P. Nallappan ◽  
Sangho Choi ◽  
Jin-Hyub Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Gallic acid and catechin are the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid contents found in all plant extracts. The contents and the bioassay-guided fractionating substances of the Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) fraction played vital roles. The goals of the study were to determine the contents of some useful medicinal plants and the bioassay-guided fractionation substances of S. birrea fraction compounds capable of acting against Salmonella isolate using LC-MS/LC-HRMS (Dionex ultimate 3000 RS UPLC with Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometer). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent procedure and flavonoid content determination were conducted spectrophotometrically. Bioassay-guided fractionation, chronological partitioning, and screening of the antibacterial action against Salmonella typhi were performed. The ethyl acetate fraction extracts of S. birrea stem (bark) extract were analyzed using LC-MS/LC-HRMS. The gallic acid content increased tremendously in Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter and Mabb (Fabaceae) pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9958). Catechin content increase was significantly increased in S. birrea stem (bark) extracts followed by that of V. nilotica pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9993); they were all significantly different in the Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. and the Leptadenia lanceolata (Poir.) Goyder leaves extracts at p value <0.0001. Subsequently, 10 mg/ml of S. birrea stem (bark) ethyl acetate fraction extract was the MIC, where no MBC was recorded and susceptible to the positive control with the highest inhibition zone, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction extract at 10 mg/ml (9.7 ± 0.0) at Turkey’s p < 0.0001. Vidarabine is one of the novel compounds, specifically having antimicrobial actions, found in the S. birrea stem (bark). Reasonable amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents determined the actions of the individual plant extract.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of bergenin from Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo L. da Silva ◽  
Viviane Guedes de Oliveira ◽  
Tomomasa Yano ◽  
Rita de Cássia Saraiva Nunomura
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Traditional Use

Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. is an Amazon species traditionally used as treatment for inflammations and female disorders. Bergenin was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of bark of E. uchi by using column chromatography over sephadex LH-20 and then silica gel 60 flash. Its structure was identified on the basis of its NMR spectra. The antimicrobial activity of bergenin and fractions of methanol extract of E. uchi were evaluated against ATCC microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii, Aspergillus flavus, A. nidulans). Clinically isolated strains of all of these microorganisms, along with C. tropicalis, A. niger, Shigella sonnei, Serratia marcenses and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also evaluated. The growth inhibition caused by bergenin, extracts and fractions of E. uchi against ATCC microorganisms were similar to the inhibition to microorganisms clinically isolated. The ethyl acetate fraction and the isolate bergenin inhibit the growth of the yeasts C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. guilliermondii, but present lower activity against filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger, and did not inhibit the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and bergenin are in agreement wit its high concentration found in bark extract of E. uchi. Moreover, the selective activity against three Candida species helps to understand its traditional use against infections that affect women.

Phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of a standardized willow bark extract

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Freischmidt ◽  
G Jürgenliemk ◽  
B Kraus ◽  
S Okpanyi ◽  
J Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Willow Bark

scholarly journals Effects of croton urucurana extracts and crude resin on Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Barboza Silva ◽  
Walciane Silva ◽  
Maria Ligia Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
Marize Terezinha Lopes Pereira Peres
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Hundreds of plant species have been studied in order to find out the active ingredient responsible for their insecticidal activity against the pests of economic importance. To verify the insecticidal activity in the husk of stem of Croton urucurana Baillon 1864 (Euphorbiaceae) against Anagasta kuehniella Zeller 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the methanolic (EMeOH) extract, dichloromethane fraction (FDM), ethyl acetate fraction (FAE) and crude resin, incorporated into an artificial diet were evaluated. EMeOH (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) and crude resin (2.0%) interfered with neither the weight nor the survival of fourth instar larvae and other analyzed parameters. FDM (2.0%) fraction caused mortality of 65%, and the artificial diet containing 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5% FAE caused 100, 55 and 68% mortality respectively when compared with the control, confirming the least efficiency rates of food conversion for FDM(2.0%) and FAE(1.0%). The tryptic analysis performed with the midgut fluid of fourth-instar larvae demonstrated that tryptic and chymiotryptic activities for the larvae fed artificial diet containing EMeOH and crude resin were not different.

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