scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Flap Overdesign on Viability

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. e37-e41
Author(s):  
Andrew Aherrera ◽  
David Pincus ◽  
Adam Vernadakis
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background Partial or complete flap necrosis is a detrimental outcome complicating reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of flap overdesign on viability in the rat model. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups receiving flaps of varying length-to-width ratios: 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. All animals had caudally based, modified McFarlane-style flap created. Areas of survival were assessed 14 days postoperatively and compared among groups using one-way analysis of variance. Results The mean areas of flap survival were 8.0 ± 0.0 cm2, 7.8 ± 1.1 cm2, 8.3 ± 1.1 cm2, and 8.1 ± 1.5 cm2 for the 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 length-to-width ratio groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean areas of flap survival among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Flap overdesign does not increase the risk of flap necrosis in a random-pattern flap.

Serotonin depletion reduces both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. Melker Hagsäter ◽  
Robert Pettersson ◽  
Axel Holmäng ◽  
Elias Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Serotonin Depletion ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Whereas numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest a complex involvement of serotonin in the regulation of anxiety, it remains to be clarified if the dominating impact of this transmitter is best described as anxiety-reducing or anxiety-promoting. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of serotonin depletion on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to foot shocks as unconditioned stimulus and assessed with respect to freezing behaviour when re-subjected to context. Serotonin depletion was achieved by administration of a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (300 mg/kg daily × 3), (i) throughout the period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, (ii) during acquisition but not expression, (iii) after acquisition only, and (iv) during expression only. Results: The time spent freezing was significantly reduced in animals that were serotonin-depleted during the entire period from (and including) acquisition to (and including) expression, as well as in those being serotonin-depleted during either acquisition only or expression only. In contrast, PCPA administrated immediately after acquisition, that is during memory consolidation, did not impact the expression of conditioned fear. Conclusion: Intact serotonergic neurotransmission is important for both acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear.

scholarly journals Short-Term High Fat Intake Does Not Significantly Alter Markers of Renal Function or Inflammation in Young Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Crinigan ◽  
Matthew Calhoun ◽  
Karen L. Sweazea
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Impact

Chronic high fat feeding is correlated with diabetes and kidney disease. However, the impact of short-term high fat diets (HFD) is not well-understood. Six weeks of HFD result in indices of metabolic syndrome (increased adiposity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation) compared to rats fed on standard chow. The hypothesis was that short-term HFD would induce early signs of renal disease. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD (60% fat) or standard chow (5% fat) for six weeks. Morphology was determined by measuring changes in renal mass and microstructure. Kidney function was measured by analyzing urinary protein, creatinine, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, as well as plasma cystatin C concentrations. Renal damage was measured through assessment of urinary oxDNA/RNA concentrations as well as renal lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Despite HFD significantly increasing adiposity and renal mass, there was no evidence of early stage kidney disease as measured by changes in urinary and plasma biomarkers as well as histology. These findings suggest that moderate hyperglycemia and inflammation produced by short-term HFD are not sufficient to damage kidneys or that the ketogenic HFD may have protective effects within the kidneys.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Kurma Muda (Phoenix dactylifera) Terhadap Kadar FSH dan Reseptor FSH Ovarium Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Herlambang Herlambang ◽  
Ave Olivia Rahman ◽  
Erny Kusdiyah
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background: Infertility may give an impact on psychosocial. In Indonesia, the habit of consuming young dates is often done by couples to increase fertility. FSH is one of the factors that play a role in folliculogenesis. The lack of scientific evidence of young dates consumption effects on female reproduction has led to this study. This study aims to determine the levels of FSH hormone and the picture of ovarian tissue in mice after administration of young dates. Method: This study used an experimental design using 28 female Sprague-Dawley rats which were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group I to III was given young dates in successive doses: 17 mg, 34 mg, 68 mg per 200 grams of body weight and group IV was given distilled water. The treatment was carried out for 28 days. FSH levels were examined before treatment during the proestrus phase which was known from microscopic examination of rat vaginal swabs. The treatment begins during the proestrus phase. Result: The mean baseline and post-treatment FSH levels were 0.08 and 0.09 respectively Conclusion: There is no significant increase of FSH levels and FSH receptors as the effect of giving young dates (Phoenix Dactylifera) to female Sprague-Dawley rats Keywords: Dates, FSH, FSH receptors, Rats   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Infertilitas dapat memberikan dampak psikososial. Di Indonesia, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi kurma muda sering dilakukan oleh pasangan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan. Hormon FSH merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam folikelgenesis.  Belum adanya bukti ilmiah efek konsumsi buah kurma muda terhadap reproduksi wanita mendorong dilakukannya studi ini. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui kadar hormon FSH dan gambaran jaringan ovarium pada tikus setelah pemberian kurma muda. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain ekperimental menggunakan tikus Sprague dawney betina sebanyak 28 ekor yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I-III diberikan kurma muda dosis berturut -turut 17 mg, 34 mg, 68 mg per 200 gram BB dan kelompok IV diberikan aquadest. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 28 hari. Kadar hormon FSH diperiksa sebelum perlakuan saat fase proestrus yang diketahui dari pemeriksaan mikroskopis swab vagina tikus. Perlakuan dimulai saat fase proestrus. Hasil: Rerata kadar FSH baseline dan paska perlakuan adalah 0,08 dan 0,09 Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan kadar FSH dan reseptor FSH terhadap efek pemberian buah kurma muda (Phoenix Dactylifera) pada uterus tikus Spague Dawney Kata kunci : kurma, FSH, Reseptor FSH, tikus

scholarly journals Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite–Bentonite Compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Ali Noorafshan ◽  
Behnam Dalfardi ◽  
Shahram Jahanabadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
The Impact

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite–bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n=12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite–bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolite–bentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

Distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Candas ◽  
Josée Lalonde ◽  
Maurice Normand
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rapid Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

To develop a mathematical model of the distribution and metabolism of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), the time course of 125I-labelled rCRF in plasma was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats (i) following a rapid injection of 24 ng rCRF/100 g body weight (BW), or (ii) following a rapid injection of 424 ng rCRF/100 g BW, or (iii) during an infusion at a rate ranging from 0.28 to0.73 ng rCRF∙min−1∙100 g BW−1. The comparison of the one-, two-, and three-compartment models shows that the two-pool structure fits better to the dynamics of CRF in plasma as measured in each rat. Following a rapid injection the decay curve occurs in a biphasic manner; the early phase of disappearance is 25 times faster than the late one. There is no significant difference between the estimates of the metabolic clearance rate following both amplitudes of injection (0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.05 mL∙min−1∙100 g BW−1). The volume of the first pool, 16.8 ± 1.1 mL/100 g BW, is four times larger than the plasma volume. It would thus appear that CRF is rapidly distributed from plasma into several tissues which are represented in the first pool of the model. The mean residence time of every CRF molecule in the second compartment, from the moment of secretion to its elimination, is from three to four times longer than in the first one. It stays, on average, between 140 min and 3 h in the system before an irreversible exit. At steady state, the disposal rate represents only 3% of the CRF mass of the first compartment every minute. These results could explain the prolonged effects of CRF on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion.

scholarly journals A Novel Technique to Perform Microvascular Anastomosis Revisions without Clamps

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e58-e61
Author(s):  
Amro Harb ◽  
Maxwell Levi ◽  
Yelena Akelina ◽  
Rajendra Kadiyala ◽  
Jeffrey Ascherman
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Microvascular Anastomosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Leakage Site ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training

Background For surgeons learning microsurgery, uneven spacing between sutures while performing microvascular arterial anastomoses is one of the most common technical errors made that can lead to leakage. Based on the previous surgical experience and training of these surgeons, the first option chosen to prevent bleeding is to place a vascular clamp proximal to the anastomosis and an additional suture at the site of the leak. Because this technique may have technical and thrombosis concerns, our study proposes an alternative technique of performing post-anastomotic revisions without the use of clamps. Methods Our technique involves placing a cotton-tipped applicator under the artery and lifting it to partially occlude flow within the vessel as an additional suture is placed at the leakage site to complete the revision. One-hundred eighty-four microvascular anastomoses were performed on the femoral arteries of 92 Sprague-Dawley rats, and of the 184 anastomoses, 147 had a leak and required a post-anastomotic revision. All revisions were completed using our technique, and no clamps were used during any of the revisions. Results Of the 147 post-anastomotic revisions completed using our technique, 141 (95.9%) were patent 2 hours post-revision. The mean operating time for the revisions was 5:03 minutes (range, 1:44–6:30 minutes). Conclusion Our technique of partially occluding an artery with a cotton-tipped applicator while performing a post-anastomotic revision is a safe and effective alternative to using vascular clamps. Our technique may also reduce technical errors and have a low risk of causing thrombosis when completing post-anastomotic revisions.

Buprenorphine alleviation of pain does not compromise the rat monoarthritic pain model

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
M.S. Berke ◽  
Klas S.P. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Aims This study investigated the effects of buprenorphine treatment on pain and welfare parameters and model specific parameters in a rat model of monoarthritis to eliminate unnecessary pain from this model. Methods 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) A negative control without arthritis receiving no analgesia. (2) A positive monoarthritic control group receiving no analgesia, but subcutaneous saline injections twice a day. (3) A positive control with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous carprofen once a day and saline once a day. (4) A group with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine twice a day. Monoarthritis was induced with an injection of 0.02 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant intra-articularly in the left tibiotarsal joint. Treatment with analgesia was initiated at day 15 and the rats were euthanized at day 23. Results The induced monoarthritis elicited a pronounced acute inflammation. Several parameters such as bodyweight, mobility, stance, joint-stiffness and lameness scores were affected. A marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the tarsal area was observed by Electronic Von Frey testing, but no severe compromise of the animal welfare was seen at any time. Signs of chronic development began to appear from day 10 after the monoarthritic induction. No significant change in serum cytokines and faecal corticosterone measurements was found after administration of buprenorphine. A minor decrease in body weight was seen, and a higher pain tolerance to mechanical stimuli was observed, indicating pain alleviation. The histological examination confirmed monoarthritic development in all monoarthritic rats and revealed periarticular lesions suggesting diffusion of adjuvant from intra-articular injection site to the periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated that buprenorphine has an analgesic effect in the adjuvant induced monoarthritic rat model, without obvious interference with the development of arthritis.

scholarly journals Norepinephrine-evoked salt-sensitive hypertension requires impaired renal sodium chloride cotransporter activity in Sprague-Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (2) ◽  
pp. R115-R124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Walsh ◽  
Jill T. Kuwabara ◽  
Joon W. Shim ◽  
Richard D. Wainford
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Chloride Cotransporter ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have implicated a role of norepinephrine (NE) in the activation of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) to drive the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the interaction between NE and increased salt intake on blood pressure remains to be fully elucidated. This study examined the impact of a continuous NE infusion on sodium homeostasis and blood pressure in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats challenged with a normal (NS; 0.6% NaCl) or high-salt (HS; 8% NaCl) diet for 14 days. Naïve and saline-infused Sprague-Dawley rats remained normotensive when placed on HS and exhibited dietary sodium-evoked suppression of peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide. NE infusion resulted in the development of hypertension, which was exacerbated by HS, demonstrating the development of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure [MAP (mmHg) NE+NS: 151 ± 3 vs. NE+HS: 172 ± 4; P < 0.05]. In these salt-sensitive animals, increased NE prevented dietary sodium-evoked suppression of peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide, suggesting impaired NCC activity contributes to the development of salt sensitivity [peak natriuresis to hydrochlorothiazide (μeq/min) Naïve+NS: 9.4 ± 0.2 vs. Naïve+HS: 7 ± 0.1; P < 0.05; NE+NS: 11.1 ± 1.1; NE+HS: 10.8 ± 0.4). NE infusion did not alter NCC expression in animals maintained on NS; however, dietary sodium-evoked suppression of NCC expression was prevented in animals challenged with NE. Chronic NCC antagonism abolished the salt-sensitive component of NE-mediated hypertension, while chronic ANG II type 1 receptor antagonism significantly attenuated NE-evoked hypertension without restoring NCC function. These data demonstrate that increased levels of NE prevent dietary sodium-evoked suppression of the NCC, via an ANG II-independent mechanism, to stimulate the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.

scholarly journals Mumefural Improves Blood Flow in a Rat Model of FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3795
Author(s):  
Jihye Bang ◽  
Won Kyung Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Related Proteins

Mumefural (MF), a bioactive component of the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc, is known to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonists in vitro. In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic effects of MF using a rat model of FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis. Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with MF (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg) 30 min before 35% FeCl3 treatment to measure the time to occlusion using a laser Doppler flowmeter and to assess the weight of the blood vessels containing thrombus. MF treatment significantly improved blood flow by inhibiting occlusion and thrombus formation. MF also prevented collagen fiber damage in injured vessels and inhibited the expression of the platelet activation-related proteins P-selectin and E-selectin. Moreover, MF significantly reduced the increased inflammatory signal of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in blood vessels. After administration, MF was detected in the plasma samples of rats with a bioavailability of 36.95%. Therefore, we suggest that MF may improve blood flow as a candidate component in dietary supplements for improving blood flow and preventing blood circulation disorders.

scholarly journals The Customizable E-cigarette Resistance Influences Toxicological Outcomes: Lung Degeneration, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress-Induced in a Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cirillo ◽  
Fabio Vivarelli ◽  
Eleonora Turrini ◽  
Carmela Fimognari ◽  
Sabrina Burattini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Despite the knowledge gap regarding the risk-benefit ratio of the electronic cigarette (e-cig), its use has grown exponentially, even in teenagers. E-cig vapor contains carcinogenic compounds (eg, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause toxicological effects, including DNA damage. The role of e-cig voltage customization on molecule generation has been reported, but the effects of the resistance on e-cig emissions and toxicity are unknown. Here, we show that the manipulation of e-cig resistance influences the carbonyls production from nonnicotine vapor and the oxidative and inflammatory status in a rat model. Fixing the voltage at the conventional 3.5 V, we observed that the amount of the selected aldehydes increased as the resistance decreased from 1.5 to 0.25 Ω. Under these conditions, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to e-cig aerosol for 28 days, and we studied the pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and blood homeostasis. We found a perturbation of the antioxidant and phase II enzymes, probably related to the increased ROS levels due to the enhanced xanthine oxidase and P450-linked monooxygenases. Furthermore, frames from scanning electron microscope showed a disorganization of alveolar and bronchial epithelium in 0.25 Ω group. Overall, various toxicological outcomes, widely recognized as smoke-related injuries, can potentially occur in e-cig consumers who use low-voltage and resistance device. Our study suggests that certain “tips for vaping safety” cannot be established, and encourages further independent investigations to help public health agencies in regulating the e-cig use.

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