Effect of Solid-Meal Caloric Content on Gastric Emptying Kinetics of Solids and Liquids

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Siegel ◽  
L. Mortelmans ◽  
E. van Cutsem ◽  
V. van den Maegdenbergh ◽  
M. de Roo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this study, we have evaluated the effect of the caloric content of a physiological test meal on the gastric emptying kinetics of solids and liquids. 22 healthy male volunteers were studied in two groups matched for age. After an overnight fast, each volunteer underwent the same test procedure; in the first group (G I), 10 volunteers received a meal consisting of bread,111In-DTPA water and 1 scrambled egg labeled with 99mTc-labelled sulphur colloid; in the second group (G II) 12 volunteers were given the same meal but with 2 labeled eggs in order to increase the caloric content of the solid phase meal. Simultaneous anterior and posterior images were recorded using a dualheaded gamma camera. Solid and liquid geometric mean data were analyzed to determine the lag phase, the emptying rate and the half-emptying time for both solids and liquids. Solid and liquid gastric half-emptying times were significantly prolonged in G II compared to G I volunteers. For the solid phased, the delay was accounted for by a longer lag phase and a decrease in the equilibrium emptying rate. The emptying rate of the liquid phase was significantly decreased in G II compared to G I. Within each group, no statistically significant difference was observed between solid and liquid emptying rates. We conclude that the caloric content of the solid portion of a meal not only alters the emptying of the solid phase but also affects the emptying of the liquid component of the meal.

Effect of ethyl alcohol on motor function in canine stomach

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G223-G230
Author(s):  
L. C. Knight ◽  
A. H. Maurer ◽  
R. Wikander ◽  
B. Krevsky ◽  
L. S. Malmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of ethanol on gastric emptying and the trituration of solid food. With the use of a noninvasive physiological imaging technique, gastric processing of a radiolabeled solid meal was evaluated in unanesthetized dogs which ingested 6-8% ethanol solutions or received intravenous alcohol before the meal. Oral alcohol (resulting in blood levels up to 174 mg/dl) decreased the amplitude of antral contractions or completely abolished them. Alcohol did not significantly affect the fundamental frequency of contractions except at high doses, at which contractions were abolished. Alcohol lengthened the mean time to 50% of gastric emptying in a dose-dependent manner, from 132 +/- 3 min without alcohol to 160 +/- 10 min with oral alcohol at blood levels of 80-120 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). This was manifested by a lengthening of the lag phase, but there was no effect on the terminal slope of emptying (emptying rate) of the processed meal. At equal blood levels up to 120 mg/dl, orally administered alcohol had a more pronounced effect than intravenous alcohol. These data suggest that even low doses of dilute alcohol affect the ability of the antrum to process solid food and thereby contribute to impairment of gastric emptying.

Relationships between gastric emptying of solid and caloric liquid meals and alcohol absorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. G291-G298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Horowitz ◽  
A. Maddox ◽  
M. Bochner ◽  
J. Wishart ◽  
R. Bratasiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meal Composition

The effects of three variations in meal composition (a solid and a liquid meal consumed together, a liquid meal consumed alone, and a liquid meal consumed 90 min after a solid meal) on the rates and patterns of solid and liquid gastric emptying were examined in 13 volunteers. By including alcohol (0.5 g/kg body wt) in the liquid meal, the relationship between alcohol absorption and gastric emptying was also assessed. The lag phase and the initial emptying phase of the solid meal were prolonged (P less than 0.001) when the liquid meal was consumed with the solid meal, compared with when the liquid meal was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. In this latter situation, consumption of the liquid meal caused the cessation of emptying of solid food, and this second lag phase was followed by a slower (P less than 0.001) than initial emptying phase. Gastric emptying of the liquid meal was slower (P less than 0.005) when solid food was present and was slowest (P less than 0.05) when liquid was consumed 90 min after the solid meal. Alcohol absorption was fastest (P less than 0.05) when the liquid meal was consumed alone and slower (P less than 0.01) when alcohol was consumed with or after the solid meal. For all three meals there was a close correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.91; P less than 0.001) between alcohol absorption and liquid emptying. We conclude that gastric emptying of liquid may be influenced by solid food and that the rate and pattern of solid emptying may be modified by the presence of liquid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Gastric emptying as assessed by barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres in healthy dogs consuming a commercial kibble ration

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
OL Nelson ◽  
AE Jergens ◽  
KG Miles ◽  
WF Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Lag Phases

Barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) were used to assess gastric emptying in medium-sized dogs consuming a commercial kibble ration. Two sizes of spheres were used: 1.5 mm and 5.0 mm in diameter. Ventrodorsal and right lateral recumbent radiographs were taken immediately before and after consumption of the test meal, and then hourly. The lag phase and the time to 25% (GET25), 50% (GET50), and 75% (GET75) gastric emptying of each sized marker were calculated. There was no significant difference between the lag phases of the small and large BIPS. There was a significant difference between the 1.5 and 5.0 markers at GET25, GET50, and GET75 in these medium-sized dogs. In a majority (70%) of the dogs in this study, GET25 of the 1.5-mm marker occurred at 4.73+/-1.44 hours; GET50 (1.5 mm) occurred at 8.29+/-1.62 hours, and GET75 (1.5 mm) occurred at 10.82+/-1.35 hours. The 5.0-mm markers tended to empty erratically and slowly. Four of the eight dogs retained some of the large markers in their stomachs at the end of the study period (24 hours).

Effects of posture on gastric emptying and satiety ratings after a nutritive liquid and solid meal

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. R684-R694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Spiegel ◽  
Harry Fried ◽  
Christine D. Hubert ◽  
Steven R. Peikin ◽  
Jeffry A. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Intestinal Receptors ◽  
Tomato Soup ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Emptying Time

To study the effects of posture and meal structure on gastric emptying and satiety, nine women ingested tomato soup and then immediately or 20 min later an egg sandwich, when seated and when supine. The lag time was not different, but the half-emptying time of the sandwich was 32% longer ( P < 0.01) and the emptying rate after the lag phase was 39% slower ( P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine than when they were seated. The half-emptying time of the soup was 50% longer ( P < 0.01) when the subjects were supine and ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich than in the other three conditions. Postprandial hunger ratings recovered more slowly ( P < 0.01) when the subjects ingested the soup 20 min before the sandwich than when they ingested the soup immediately before the sandwich. These results suggest that posture did not affect the intragastric distribution of the sandwich but affected propulsion of the meal into the intestine and that postprandial satiety was enhanced by the cumulative effect over time of a 20-min “head start” in stimulation of intestinal receptors by emptying of the soup.

Human gastric emptying and colonic filling of solids characterized by a new method

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. G284-G290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camilleri ◽  
L. J. Colemont ◽  
S. F. Phillips ◽  
M. L. Brown ◽  
G. M. Thomforde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
New Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Small Bowel Transit ◽  
Healthy Humans

Our first aim was to compare 111In-labeled Amberlite IR-12OP resin pellets and 131I-labeled fiber in the assessment of gastric and small bowel transit and colonic filling in healthy humans. Both radiolabels were highly stable for 3 h in an in vitro stomach model and remained predominantly bound to solid phase of stools collected over 5 days [90.5 +/- 2.1 (SE)% for 131I and 87.4 +/- 1.4% for 111In). The lag phase of gastric emptying was shorter for 111In-pellets (30 +/- 11 min compared with 58 +/- 12 min for 131I-fiber, P less than 0.05). However, the slope of the postlag phase of gastric emptying and the half time of small bowel transit were not significantly different for 111In-pellets and 131I-fiber. Filling of the colon was characterized by bolus movements of the radiolabel (10-80% range, 26% mean) followed by plateaus (periods of no movement of isotope into colon lasting 15-120 min, range; 51 min, mean). Half of the bolus movements occurred within 1 h of the intake of a second meal. Thus 111In-labeled Amberlite pellets provide an excellent marker for the study of gastric and small bowel transit and colonic filling in humans. The ileum acts as a reservoir and transfers boluses of variable sizes into the colon, often soon after the intake of a subsequent meal.

Effects of meal volume and posture on gastric emptying of solids and appetite

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1712-R1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Doran ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Jane M. Andrews ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Distal Stomach ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Large Meal

The effects of volume and posture on gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of a solid meal and appetite were evaluated. Eight normal volunteers were studied on four occasions, on each of which a meal comprising ground beef mixed with tomato sauce of either 650 g (“large”) or 217 g (“small”) was eaten. Two studies were performed while the subject was lying in the left lateral decubitus position, and two studies were performed while the subject was sitting so that in each subject data were available for both meals and in both postures. Hunger and fullness were evaluated using a visual analog questionnaire. In both postures and after both meals, gastric emptying approximated a linear pattern after an initial lag phase. The lag phase was shorter for the large meal when compared with the small meal [sitting: large 13 ± 5 vs. small 29 ± 7 min; left lateral: large 16 ± 3 vs. small 24 ± 3 min, F(1,7) = 46.3, P < 0.0005]. In both postures the contents of the total [ F(1,7) = 1794.5, P < 0.0001], proximal [ F(1,7) = 203.7, P < 0.0001], and distal [ F(1,7) = 231.5, P < 0.0001] stomach were greater after the large meal when compared with the small meal. Although the 50% emptying time was greater with the large than the small meal [ F(1,7) = 40.8, P < 0.001], the postlag emptying rate (g/min) was more rapid with the large meal [sitting: large 1.7 ± 0.2 vs. small 1.1 ± 0.1 g/min; left lateral: large 1.8 ± 0.1 vs. small 1.3 ± 0.04 g/min, F(1,7) = 44.7, P < 0.0005]. There was a significant interaction between meal volume and posture for retention in the distal stomach [ F(1,7) = 7.14, P < 0.05]. Contrasts were used to evaluate the effects of volume and posture between the four studies and demonstrated an effect of posture for the large [ F(1,21) = 18.7, P < 0.005] but not the small [ F(1,21) = 0.30, P = 0.60] meal so that the retention was greater in the sitting when compared with the left lateral position. The magnitude of the postprandial increase in fullness [ F(1,7) = 7.8, P < 0.05] and reduction in hunger [ F(1,7) = 5.9, P < 0.05] was greater with the large meal. We conclude that meal volume has a major effect on gastric emptying; in contrast posture has only a minor impact on intragastric meal distribution, which is observed only after a large meal, and no effect on gastric emptying.

Effects of intravenous fructose on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility in healthy subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. G1274-G1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Stevens ◽  
Selena Doran ◽  
Antonietta Russo ◽  
Deirdre O'Donovan ◽  
Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Sulfur Colloid ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inhibitory Feedback

Gastric emptying (GE) of glucose is regulated closely, not only as a result of inhibitory feedback arising from the small intestine, but also because of the resulting hyperglycemia. Fructose is used widely in the diabetic diet and is known to empty from the stomach slightly faster than glucose but substantially slower than water. The aims of this study were to determine whether intravenous (iv) fructose affects GE and antropyloroduodenal motility and how any effects compare to those induced by iv glucose. Six healthy males (age: 26.7 ± 3.8 yr) underwent concurrent measurements of GE of a solid meal (100 g ground beef labeled with 20 MBq99mTc-sulfur colloid) and antropyloroduodenal motility on three separate days in randomized order during iv infusion of either fructose (0.5 g/kg), glucose (0.5 g/kg), or isotonic saline for 20 min. GE (scintigraphy), antropyloroduodenal motility (manometry), and blood glucose (glucometer) were measured for 120 min. There was a rise in blood glucose ( P < 0.001) after iv glucose (peak 16.4 ± 0.6 mmol/l) but not after fructose or saline. Intravenous glucose and fructose both slowed GE substantially ( P < 0.005 for both), without any significant difference between them. Between t = 0 and 30 min, the number of antral pressure waves was less after both glucose and fructose ( P < 0.002 for both) than saline, and there were more isolated pyloric pressure waves during iv glucose ( P = 0.003) compared with fructose and saline ( P = NS for both) infusions. In conclusion, iv fructose slows GE and modulates gastric motility in healthy subjects, and the magnitude of slowing of GE is comparable to that induced by iv glucose.

scholarly journals Acute tryptophan depletion slows gastric emptying in females

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Sabine D. M. Valks ◽  
Sjacko Sobczak ◽  
Willem J. Riedel ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Solid Meal

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter involved in the brain–gut axis. It is possible to lower the 5-HT level in the body by means of a nutritional intervention using an amino acid mixture; the acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) method. We studied the effect of ATD on gastric emptying in healthy females, who received both ATD and placebo in a random order. Gastric emptying was measured using the [13C]octanoic acid breath test. The present data demonstrate significant differences in both gastric emptying and lag phase (Tlag) between the ATD and placebo experiment. Eight out of ten subjects showed a delayed gastric emptying in the ATD experiment. Both the gastric half-emptying time (T1/2) and the Tlag were significantly higher in the ATD experiment. T1/2 in the ATD experiment was 137·2 (range 76·2–634·8) min; T1/2 for the placebo experiment was 98·5 (range 63·7–168·8) min (P=0·028). Tlag in the ATD experiment was 83·7 (range 45·1–356·2) min; Tlag for the placebo experiment was 56·9 (range 23·2–101·2) min (P=0·007). We conclude that lowering the 5-HT level in the body using the ATD method leads to a significantly delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal. Nutritional manipulation of the serotonergic system in healthy volunteers may lead to alterations in gastrointestinal motility.

Functional Fractionation of Platelets: Aggregation Kinetics and Glycoprotein Labeling of Differing Platelet Populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
V M Haver ◽  
A R L Gear
Keyword(s):  
Galactose Oxidase ◽  
Aggregation Kinetics ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Reversible Aggregation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Major Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryPlatelet heterogeneity has been studied with a technique called functional fractionation which employs gentle centrifugation to yield subpopulations (“reactive” and “less-reactive” platelets) after exposure to small doses of aggregating agent. Aggregation kinetics of the different platelet populations were investigated by quenched-flow aggregometry. The large, “reactive” platelets were more sensitive to ADP (Ka = 1.74 μM) than the smaller “less-reactive” platelets (Ka = 4.08 μM). However, their maximal rate of aggregation (Vmax, % of platelets aggregating per sec) of 23.3 was significantly lower than the “less-reactive” platelets (Vmax = 34.7). The “reactive” platelets had a 2.2 fold higher level of cyclic AMP.Platelet glycoproteins were labeled using the neuraminidase-galactose oxidase – [H3]-NaBH4 technique. When platelets were labeled after reversible aggregation, the “reactive” platelets showed a two-fold decrease in labeling efficiency (versus control platelets). However, examination of whole cells or membrane preparations from reversibly aggregated platelets revealed no significant difference in Coomassie or PAS (Schiff) staining.These results suggest that the large, “reactive” platelets are more sensitive to ADP but are not hyperaggregable in a kinetic sense. Reversible aggregation may cause a re-orientation of membrane glycoproteins that is apparently not characterized by a major loss of glycoprotein material.

An Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) for the Quantitation of Human Factor VII

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Boyer ◽  
M Wolf ◽  
C Rothschild ◽  
M Migaud ◽  
J Amiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryA new solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of human Factor VII antigen (F VII Ag), using a monospecific rabbit anti-F VII antiserum. Anti-F VII F(ab′)2 fragments were adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The binding of serial dilutions of control or test plasma, containing F VII, was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labeled anti- FV II IgG followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxyde and O-phenylenediamine. This ELISA is specific, sensitive (detection limit: 0.05%) and accurate (coefficient of variation: 1.5-4% for within- and 1.6-9% for between-assays). F VII coagulant activity (F VII C) and F VII Ag were determined in large populations of controls and patients. In normal plasma (n = 38), F VII Ag ranged from 83 to 117% and the correlation coefficient between F VII Ag and F VII C was 0.94. In patients with severe (F VII C inf. 1%) congenital F VII deficiency (n = 5), F VII Ag was undetectable in two cases (inf. 0.05%) and markedly reduced (0.35 to 5.6%) in the three other cases. In patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 15), F VII Ag ranged from 21 to 59% and was in good correlation with F VII C (r = 0.84). In dicoumarol treated patients (n = 15), the levels of F VII Ag ranged from 51% to 79% and a poor correlation (r = 0.52) with F VIIC was observed. In “compensated” DIC (n = 5), levels of F VII Ag varied from 60 to 186%, with significantly higher F VII C levels (from 143 to 189%). In contrast, in “decompensated” DIC (n = 7), low F VII Ag and F VII C levels were observed (from 7 to 27%). In patients with deep-vein thrombosis (n = 25), high levels of F VII Ag (from 102 to 136%) and F VII C (from 110 to 150%) were demonstrated. In surgical patients, no significant difference was observed before and one day after intervention.

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